In this experiment, the tissue culture seedlings of Cartland, Cymbidium hybridum, Violet, Impatiens balsamina, Venus flytrap and Longevity were transplanted into different substrates, and their survival rates and growth conditions were compared, and the matrix formula suitable for transplanting tissue culture seedlings of various flowers was screened out. The results showed that 1/2 moss+1/2 sand was the most suitable substrate for transplanting cattleya tissue culture seedlings, and the survival rate of transplanting was as high as 100%. The most suitable substrate for transplanting tissue culture seedlings of Cymbidium hybridum is moss, and the survival rate of transplanting is 100%. Vermiculite is the most suitable medium for transplanting tissue culture seedlings of African violet, with a survival rate of 98%. The most suitable substrate for transplanting tissue culture seedlings of Impatiens balsamina in New Guinea is 1/2 vermiculite+1/2 peat, and its transplanting survival rate is 96.7%. The most suitable substrate for transplanting tissue culture seedlings of Venus flytrap is 1/2 coconut hair+1/2 perlite, and the survival rate of transplanting is 100%. The most suitable substrate for transplanting tissue culture seedlings of longevity flower is 1/3 perlite +2/3 vermiculite, and the survival rate of transplanting is 96.7%.
Keywords: Cartland; Cymbidium; African violet; Impatiens of New Guinea; Flytrap; Longevity flower; Matrix: transplantation
Nowadays, plant biotechnology has developed into an important part of the new technological revolution, and the application of biotechnology in various production fields has received great economic benefits. Among them, tissue culture is the most widely used and effective biotechnology for rapid propagation of seedlings. Tissue culture propagation of seedlings has the characteristics of maintaining the characteristics of this variety, high propagation coefficient, fast propagation speed, convenient industrialization and intensive production, and is a widely used technology. Tissue culture rapid propagation has incomparable advantages over traditional methods, so tissue culture is a popular plant breeding method in rapid propagation and soilless culture technology. But in the process of reproduction, transplanting is the most critical step. Only after successful transplantation can the tissue culture seedlings realize their value. Therefore, we carried out transplanting experiments on tissue culture seedlings of Catalan, Cymbidium hybridum, African violet, Impatiens balsamina, Venus flytrap and Longevity Flower in order to select the suitable matrix formula for transplanting.
L materials and methods
1. 1 test material
Cattleya, Cymbidium hybridum, African violet, Impatiens balsamina of New Guinea, Venus flytrap and Longevity were selected as transplanting materials. The size of transplanted plants is as follows: the leaf spread of Cattleya is between 2 cm and 2.5 cm (cm), the plant height of Cymbidium hybridum is about 7 cm (cm), the plant height of Impatiens and Longevity Flowers in New Guinea is about 3 cm (cm), the leaf spread of African Violet is about 3 cm (cm), and the plant height of Venus flytrap is about 3 cm (cm).
1.2 method
1.2 and 1 The tissue culture seedlings of several flowers were taken out from the culture room and put into the seedling hardening room. Keep the indoor temperature around 25℃ and the relative humidity around 75%, and avoid direct sunlight. After standing for 2d ~ 3d days, open the bottle cap, let the seedlings adapt to the external environment, and spray the seedlings and the room with a sprayer in the morning and evening to keep the indoor high humidity environment. After a week's exercise, the seedlings can be transplanted. However, when the venus flytrap is backfired, the bottle cap is not opened, and it is transplanted immediately after being placed for 3 d to 4 d (days).
1.2.2 preparation of transplanting substrate organic substrates such as moss, bark, coconut velvet, etc. were soaked in 1% KMnO4 solution for 3 h (hours), and then washed repeatedly with clear water to leave no KMnO4 solution; Acceptance date of inorganic substrates such as sand, vermiculite and perlite: March, 2004-1366, sterilized by conventional sterilization method, and then the matrix formula for transplanting various flower tissue culture seedlings was prepared. The transplanting matrix formula of Cattleya is: ① vermiculite; ② 1/2 moss+1/2 sand; ③ 1/2 moss+1/2 vermiculite; 4 moss; ⑤ 1/2 moss+1/2 bark. The specific method is to spread bark, sand, vermiculite on the bottom of the basin, and then spread moss. When transplanting, the roots of Cattleya should be evenly distributed in the moss, planted tightly and firmly, so that the roots can be in close contact with the moss and absorb nutrients and water. The transplanting matrix formula of Cymbidium hybridum is: ① moss; ② 1/2 bark+1/2 gravel; ③ 1/2 moss+1/2 sand; ④ 1/3 bark+1/3 shredded coconut+1/3 sand; ⑤ Vermiculite. When transplanting, spread sand on the bottom of the basin, and then spread moss, shredded coconut+bark and vermiculite on the sand respectively. Plant seedlings straight and steady, and don't hurt the roots. The transplanting matrix formula of African violet is: ① vermiculite; ② Coconut paste; ③ 1/2 vermiculite+1/2 peat; ④ 1/3 vermiculite+1/3 sand+1/3 peat; ⑤ 7/ 15 vermiculite +7/ 15 peat+115 chicken manure. Mix the substrates evenly according to the formula, and plant African violets closely to avoid affecting the root growth. The formula of transplanting matrix for Impatiens balsamina in New Guinea is: ① vermiculite; ② Coconut paste; ③ 1/2 vermiculite+1/2 peat; ④ 1/2 vermiculite+1/2 sand. After mixing the substrates evenly, impatiens New Guinea can be planted. The formula of venus flytrap transplanting substrate is: ① vermiculite; 2 moss; ③ 1/2 vermiculite+1/2 perlite; ④ 1/2 coconut+1/2 perlite. Choose larger plants and plant them in each substrate. The matrix formula used in transplanting longevity flower is: ① vermiculite; ② 1/2 peat+1/2 vermiculite; ③ 1/5 perlite +2/5 peat +2/5 vermiculite; ④ 1/2 sand+1/2 soil; ⑤ 1/3 perlite +2/3 vermiculite. Longevity flowers are directly planted in each substrate.
1 and 2.3 Transplanting: Place the substrate in a sterilized plastic flowerpot, and transplant the tissue culture seedlings after hardening. Transplanting is to take each tissue culture seedling out of the culture bottle with tweezers, divide it into individual plants, wash the residual culture medium at the roots with clear water to avoid damaging the roots, and then soak the roots with 800 times carbendazim solution for 20 rain (minutes) respectively. Select tissue culture seedlings with good growth potential and strong plants for transplanting. After transplanting, shade with sunshade net and cover with plastic film, water and spray medicine frequently, and keep the humidity at about 80%; The temperature is around 22℃. Transplanted seedlings of Venus flytrap should be placed in a tank filled with water, covered with a sunshade and plastic film, and watered with water every day to prevent seedlings from wilting.
Results and Analysis 2. 1 Effects of Different Substrate Ratios on the Survival Rate of Tissue Culture Seedlings of Cattleya in order to select the substrates suitable for the growth of Tissue Culture Seedlings of Cattleya, we selected four substrate ratios to transplant Tissue Culture Seedlings of Cattleya, and compared with vermiculite. Comparison of survival rate of transplanted tissue culture seedlings with different substrates From the table 1, it can be seen that the composite substrate of 1/2 moss+1/2 sand is the most suitable for transplanting tissue culture seedlings of Cattleya, and the survival rate of transplanted seedlings can reach 100%, and the plants are the most robust. The second transplanting substrate was a composite substrate of 1/2 moss+1/2 bark+1/2 moss+1/2 vermiculite, and the seedling survival rate was over 70%. Simply based on moss is worse; The plants transplanted with vermiculite have the lowest survival rate and the weakest growth. It shows that the best way to transplant cattleya is to add moss and water-permeable substrate. 2.2 Effects of Different Matrix Proportions on the Survival of Cymbidium hybridum Tissue Culture Seedlings In the Cymbidium hybridum Transplanting Experiment, we selected four matrix formulas for transplanting Cymbidium hybridum Tissue Culture Seedlings, and compared vermiculite as the matrix to see which matrix is more suitable for transplanting and growing Cymbidium hybridum seedlings. Comparison of survival rate of Cymbidium hybridum transplanted with different substrates From the results in Table 2, it can be concluded that the survival rate of Cymbidium hybridum tissue culture seedlings transplanted with moss as the substrate alone is the highest, reaching 100%, and the plant growth is the strongest, with the plant height reaching10.8 cm (cm); While 1/2 moss+1/2 sand and 1/2 bark+1/2 gravel are the second, while 1/3 bark+1/3 coconut shell fiber+1/. Vermiculite has the worst survival rate and the weakest plant growth. It shows that the growth of tissue culture seedlings of Cymbidium hybridum needs good permeability, and moss and expanded moss matrix are better. 2.3 Effects of Different Substrate Ratios on the Survival Rate of Tissue Culture Seedlings of African Violet; Four substrates and vermiculite were selected as controls to transplant tissue culture seedlings of African violet, and the survival rate and growth of tissue culture seedlings in different substrates were compared. After one month's observation, the survival rate and plant development were investigated, and the results are shown in Table 3. It can be seen from Table 3 that the survival rate and growth of tissue culture seedlings of African violet transplanted in different substrates are very different, among which the survival rate and plant development degree transplanted in vermiculite are obviously higher than those in other substrates, with the survival rate reaching 98% and the development degree reaching11.0 cm (cm); However, the survival rate and growth of plants based on 1/2 vermiculite+1/2 peat, 1/3 vermiculite+1/3 sand+1/3 peat and coconut fiber decreased gradually. However, when 7/ 15 vermiculite +7/ 15 peat+115 chicken manure was used as the substrate for transplanting African violet, its survival rate was obviously lower than other substrates, which indicated that it was not appropriate to add organic fertilizer to the substrate when transplanting African violet tissue culture seedlings. The most suitable substrate for transplanting tissue culture seedlings of African violet is vermiculite. 2.4 Effects of Different Matrix Proportions on the Survival of Tissue Culture Seedlings of Impatiens balsamina in New Guinea Four matrix formulations were selected, with vermiculite as the control. The tissue culture seedlings of Impatiens balsamina in New Guinea were transplanted into a plastic greenhouse with heat preservation and moisture preservation, and the investigation was carried out after transplanting for one month. The transplanting of tissue culture seedlings of Impatiens balsamina in New Guinea is suitable for a variety of substrates. The best substrate for transplanting tissue culture seedlings of Impatiens balsamina is 1/2 vermiculite+1/2 peat, the survival rate is 87. 1% and the plant height is 12.5 cm (cm). In vermiculite, coconut hair and 1/2 vermiculite+1/2 sand, the survival rate and growth of tissue culture seedlings are also high. But in 1/2 bark+1/2 gravel, the survival rate of tissue culture seedlings is the lowest, only 33.3%, and the growth is the worst, only 5.3 cm (cm). It shows that the growth of tissue culture seedlings of Impatiens balsamina needs a substrate with good water retention, and the substrate with strong permeability is not suitable for transplanting Impatiens balsamina. 2.5 Effects of Different Substrate Proportions on the Survival of Tissue Culture Seedlings: Venus flytrap is a plant that originated from American swamps and has the function of catching insects, so it has certain economic value. In order to study the survival of tissue culture seedlings, three substrates and vermiculite were selected as control to carry out the transplanting experiment of Venus flytrap, so as to select the suitable formula for transplanting Venus flytrap. One month after transplanting, the survival rate and growth of test-tube seedlings were investigated. When 1/2 coconut cotton+1/2 perlite is used to transplant Venus flytrap, the survival rate of its tissue culture seedlings is the highest, reaching 100%, and the plant length is the longest, reaching 5.0 cm (cm). The second is the survival rate of 90%, and the plant spreading degree is 4. 1 cm (cm). Once again, 1/2 vermiculite+1/2 perlite was used as the matrix, and the survival rate was 78.6%. The survival rate of vermiculite is the lowest, only 46.7%. This shows that the substrate made of 1/2 coconut hair+1/2 perlite is more suitable for the growth of tissue culture seedlings of venus flytrap. 2.6 Effects of Different Substrate Ratios on Transplanting Survival of Tissue Culture Seedlings of Longevity Flower In order to screen out the substrates suitable for the growth of tissue culture seedlings of Longevity flower, we selected five substrate ratios to carry out transplanting experiments on tissue culture seedlings of Longevity flower to compare which substrate is more suitable for the growth of Longevity flower. After a month's observation, we conducted a survey, and the results are shown in Table 6. As can be seen from Table 6, the survival rate of tissue culture seedlings of longevity flowers in several substrates is relatively high, and the plant growth is also relatively tight, indicating that longevity flowers are suitable for transplanting in various substrates. But 1/3 perlite +2/3 vermiculite is the most suitable substrate.