Nowadays, science and technology not only develop rapidly, but also the interdependence and interaction are constantly strengthened, forming a system in industrial application, expanding the development and application space of science and technology in an all-round way, and providing more diversified ways for its transformation into real productive forces. Technology-production has developed into an interactive, integrated, cyclical and accelerated transformation integrated system. When the perfection of technical rules lags far behind the development of technical means, the irrational factors of science and technology will expand rapidly, and people's control over nature and human society will also weaken.

Keywords: technology; "double-edged sword"; Sadness record; Ecological value

First, the dual attributes of science and technology-"productivity" and "ideology"

Today in the 2 1 century, "science and technology" can be said to be a word with a very high frequency of use all over the world, and the competition between countries and regions is the competition centered on science and technology. After more than 200 years of development after the Enlightenment, technology has brought earth-shaking changes to people's lives. The extremely comfortable, rich, automatic and intelligent material life style fully embodies the great development of human rational activities. "Scientific rationality" has become the first rationality with natural legitimacy and rationality, and has gradually penetrated into all aspects of human life.

"Science and technology" is a general term for "science" (including "basic theoretical science" and "applied science") and "technology". "Science" mainly aims at epistemology and is used to explore and discover phenomena, essence and laws in unknown fields such as nature, society and human beings. The difference between basic theoretical science and applied science is that the former pays attention to qualitative theoretical exploration, while the latter pays attention to directional applied exploration, which is more closely related to real life. And "technology" is a concrete and materialized expression of applied science, and it is a realistic force reflected by the application of science in production activities. It should be said that applied science and technology have the same purpose and value orientation, that is, the application of laws; The difference is that applied science is still at the level of applied theory exploration, while technology is at the level of applied material practice. The transformation from applied science to technology is the transformation process from abstract to concrete, from "paper application" to "manual application". Regarding the attributes of science and technology, society has always generally emphasized and recognized its productivity attributes. "Science and technology are the primary productive forces" is a full affirmation of the status of science and technology in production. With the rapid increase of social demand for science and technology, people's eyes focus on the unprecedented development of productivity brought about by scientific and technological progress, but there is little in-depth reflection on the existence of science and technology itself. In fact, blindly emphasizing the productivity attribute of science and technology is an important basis for the late capitalist society to adjust its ruling mode and establish a new legitimacy foundation. When science and technology, as a relatively independent variable, determines the trajectory of social development and operation according to its progressive logic and brings people a more solid and comfortable material life, people's sense of resistance will disappear unconsciously. As a more subtle ruling tool and irresistible dominant force, science and technology have gradually invaded people's ideology, and "scientific rationality" has been shown as an absolutely supreme rational principle to guide and regulate people's thoughts and behaviors.

People who hold conservative views on science and technology believe that blind trust and dependence on science and technology will surely push human society to a future in which the world is controlled by machines. By that time, "the technology system will no longer run according to the coordinated plan of the activity subject, but the self-developed power system formed by science, technology, industry, military affairs and management will go beyond people's ideas and become a natural process that is not restricted and commanded by society and people" [69.6666] People's subjective consciousness will be meaningless, and people will have to face the helpless situation of "fighting technology with technology". The conservative view seems to be too pessimistic, thinking that there is no democracy and freedom in the development of science and technology, and human beings will be controlled by their own creation and cannot be free. The premise of this view is the same as that of the liberal view, that is, science and technology have a great guiding role in social development. The difference is that one thinks it leads to "heaven" and the other thinks it leads to "hell". Without exception, these two kinds of arguments about science and technology have fallen into their own preset circle of idealism. Talking about "science and technology" will not foresee other possibilities or outlets other than "science and technology", and at the same time, it will inadvertently become an accomplice of "technology rule", and the ideology of science and technology will intensify.

Second, the ecological problems facing science and technology

There is a famous topic in environmental economics called "jevons Paradox", that is, "the consumption and exhaustion speed of a particular resource will be accelerated with the improvement of technology using this resource, because the improvement of technology will greatly reduce the price of products based on this resource, and the reduction of price will further stimulate people's demand and use of this product". This topic actually reveals the ecological problems faced by science and technology in the development and utilization of natural resources. I wanted to improve the utilization efficiency of natural resources through advanced science and technology, but the result greatly accelerated the exhaustion of natural resources. So, what role does science and technology play in ecological problems? If it is "rational", how to explain its "irrational" consequences?

With the aggravation of the global ecological crisis since the middle and late 20th century, more and more people are no longer blindly optimistic about the role of science and technology in solving ecological problems, but look at "science and technology" with a critical and reflective attitude. Environmental sociologists Caton and Dunlap believe that the aggravation of ecological problems is attributed to the "human exceptionalism paradigm" (HEP for short) that people generally follow. They believe that human beings are different from other animals, and the accumulation of science and culture can make progress continue indefinitely and finally solve all social problems. This assumption directly leads to a wrong view that the load capacity of the environment can be increased indefinitely, and the more, the more, thus denying the possibility of scarcity. Facing the query of "jevons Paradox" on "science and technology", science and technology optimists believe that the so-called theory of limited resources and the theory of aggravated ecological crisis are both static views on resources and environmental problems, and are only temporary ecological instability under the current production mode and technology system. With the further development of science and technology, new available resources will be developed and new cheap environmental protection technologies will be popularized to solve the environmental pollution problem. There are several problems in this statement: first, it denies the existence of critical natural capital, and the development of new natural resources is still a plunder of nature, only a transfer from scarce resources to relatively abundant resources. The use of "renewable resources" does not mean inexhaustible. When it exceeds the self-renewal and regeneration ability of natural resources, it will still lead to the shortage of natural resources. How should science and technology answer "the key natural capital necessary to maintain the biosphere"? The second is the so-called scientific and technological development view, which regards the problems of resources and ecology as the inevitable stage of scientific and technological development, that is, the narrow development view of "scientism" that ignores the laws of nature and the overall and long-term interests of human society. This view will directly lead to the legalization of "pollution first and then treatment", so that environmental problems will not be effectively alleviated under the guidance of "scientific development", but will intensify. Third, the assertion that "parts are greater than the whole", the development of science and technology can indeed develop economic and effective environmental protection technologies, but from the current world situation, the application of these technologies can only solve a specific energy or environmental problem in a local scope, and cannot fundamentally solve the increasingly serious global problems.

The existence of these problems shows that science and technology are not omnipotent, and improper use will cause unpredictable and serious consequences. In the book Risk Society, Ulrich beck emphasized: "We live in the crater of civilization: the potential stage of risk threat is coming to an end, the invisible danger is becoming visible, and the damage and destruction to nature-more and more clearly impact our eyes, ears and nose". The risk assessment of science and technology application has reached a critical moment.

Third, the relationship between science and technology and ecological value.

1. The relationship between science and technology as productivity and ecological value

The development and application of traditional science and technology is mainly manifested in the process of exploring the survival and development laws of nature and society, and using these laws to transform nature and society. With the development of capitalist industrialization, the development and application of science and technology tend to use nature to meet people's most direct and maximized material needs, while ignoring whether it conforms to the laws of natural and social development, which directly leads to the blindness and quick success of human production behavior. Inspired by slogans such as "science and technology are the primary productive forces", "rejuvenating the country through science and technology" and "science and technology competition", all countries have invested huge financial and material resources to develop science and technology. It seems that only science and technology can lead the direction of civilization and progress, and only science and technology can bring a bright future to mankind. Science and technology are not only tools and means to understand and transform nature and society, but also "productivity", that is to say, developing science and technology means liberating and developing productivity, and vice versa.

When people talk about "science and technology are the primary productive forces", they intentionally or unintentionally ignore a very important aspect of "productive forces", that is, "people" as the main body of productive forces. Productivity is people's ability to understand and transform the natural world and human society. This ability is reflected in the objectification of human rational activities, the application level of technical means, the ratio of labor intensity to income, and potential rules and constraints. Scientific and technological progress does play an important role in the expansion of human rational activities, but it is only a tool and cannot replace human rational thinking. When it is out of human control and becomes an independent "ability", it is the time when human beings must face the confrontation between "machine ethics" and "human ethics"

The emphasis on the rules of science and technology is to bring the development of science and technology into the consideration table of the interests and values of all mankind, and to balance the relationship between the development of science and technology and other equally important value principles of mankind. As a value principle that must be followed in the development of human society, ecological value is a value form based on caring for the harmony of all life forms. It regards human beings as an organic part of the ecosystem, which is interrelated and influenced with other life systems, and * * * constructs the harmony, health, stability, integrity and unity of the same organism. Ecological values play an important guiding role in the development and application of science and technology. When the development of science and technology is based on the harmony between man and nature, man and society, it will develop in the direction of benefiting all mankind and the whole ecosystem, and minimize the possible adverse consequences. The application of science and technology can not be separated from the field of material production, and the needs of human material production are also the direct driving force for the development and application of science and technology. Therefore, while considering the ecological value of science and technology, we also need to consider the corresponding value of production process and mode, that is, whether this production process and mode meet the needs of people and society and the principle of the transformation between people and natural materials. At present, some developed capitalist industrialized countries have begun the "ecological" transformation of production mode to meet the development needs of the post-industrial era. Ecological production mode should be said to be an organic combination of science and technology and ecological value, a thorough ecological transformation of the technical basis of industrial production mode, more effective than developing and utilizing specific environmental protection technologies to solve ecological problems, and cutting off possible environmental hazards from the source of production. Therefore, it is very important to evaluate the feasibility of technology development and application. To ensure that "it is a technology that can obtain the required material information efficiently and is pollution-free;" It is a technology that can monitor the whole production process and its environmental impact, that is, a composite technology that effectively controls the relationship between production and nature ... not only in the ability to transform nature, but also in the ability to build nature. " In other words, for the evaluation of technology, we should not unilaterally pursue the maximization of economic benefits, but comprehensively consider its comprehensive values such as ecological value and social value. Only by establishing such a technical evaluation system can we effectively ensure the smooth progress of ecological production mode and production process.

2. The relationship between science and technology as ideology and ecological value.

As I said before, science and technology have ideological attributes in addition to productivity. Although this ideology is more hidden and imperceptible in modern industrial society, it does exist and instills the legitimacy of ideology into people's ideology. As an ideology endowed with legal status by the ruling class, science and technology not only requires people to believe that it can solve any problems, but also requires people to feel that there is no external oppression or ideological indoctrination, which is their rational choice through their own value judgment. They believe in the infinite power of science and technology, and also believe in the infinite power of science and technology experts, the founders and users of science and technology. Their words are the golden rule, and only they can lead people out of the crisis and move towards the light. Therefore, when a social problem occurs, people will always hear words such as "expert argumentation" and "expert prediction". Their words are always sacred and irrefutable, so that the results they identify are often the results of science recognized by the people. As for the process of argumentation-because it is scientific-it is too professional and technical, so people will not care too much. However, in real life, the demonstration results of science and technology are sometimes inconsistent with people's personal feelings, so that we have to think about a question: should we trust science and technology or our own eyes? In the process of conflict, the ideology of science and technology gradually emerged from the cloak of legalization.

Taking an ecological case as an example, this paper analyzes the relationship between science and technology as ideology and ecological value. Some time ago, there were many reports about environmental events, many of which involved the assessment of pollution by science and technology and the difference of pollution degree felt by the people. One incident is that people generally report that the local drinking water is seriously polluted by industry, because the local cancer incidence rate has increased obviously in recent years, but the expert's inspection report says that the water quality is qualified and meets the drinking water safety standards; Another report said that several villagers carried the dead fish and rotten shrimp floating on the river to the door of the township government as evidence of water pollution, but were told that they could not prove that the dead fish and rotten shrimp came from that seriously polluted river; In another incident, villagers sued a chemical company for discharging toxic wastewater, resulting in the death of a large number of fish in many villagers' fish ponds. However, experts say that there is no necessary causal relationship between wastewater discharge and fish death. Even through technical appraisal, the conclusion that chemical plants meet the national wastewater discharge standards is staggering. Another case can be said to show the ideology of science and technology incisively and vividly, that is, the inside story of global warming revealed by several scientists who claimed to have scientific conscience some time ago. They claim that global warming is not caused by excessive carbon dioxide emissions promoted by the government, and there is no necessary causal relationship between carbon dioxide emissions and global warming, but the activity of sunspots is the real cause of climate warming. The government does not hesitate to spend a lot of money to support scientists in demonstrating that carbon dioxide plays a decisive role in climate warming, which is purely an ideological purpose-causing global ecological panic and enabling some politicians to use environmental issues to gain political capital. The farce staged by science as a vassal of politics stunned the world. Therefore, some scholars question whether science and technology can be called "real science" if it is the opposite of common sense and if seemingly accurate and quantitative data cannot objectively and fairly reflect the object of knowledge.

When the ideology of science and technology expands infinitely, how will the ecological value be reflected? The original objective and true value standard, because of political interference, has been covered with a gloomy color of national consciousness. Therefore, the ecological values based on equality, harmony, unity and unity have been seriously trampled by the ideology of science and technology. Ecological value is no longer a value right that people enjoy equally, but a political tool that is used by a few people. The ideology of science and technology has not only achieved the "art of silent rule", but also created the "silent majority". The vast majority of people are actually blocked from the door of science and technology, or the so-called expert system. Scientific symbols are only passwords mastered by a few people, while ordinary people just wait outside the door for technical experts to "decode" their ideology, and have no right to establish direct dialogue with science and technology. Science and technology have become a force, and the unequal distribution of scientific and technological resources and the asymmetry of information transmission have also caused the institutional weakness of the general public. On environmental issues, if science and technology do not fade out of ideological color, it will not only mislead the ecological values of the general public, but also worsen environmental problems. In the investigation of environmental events, the author has a deep understanding that judging environmental pollution only by technical indicators or official survey results is not only beneficial to environmental governance, but also more harmful.

Four. conclusion

How to coordinate the relationship between science and technology and ecological value requires multidisciplinary efforts. As far as productivity is concerned, it is necessary to change the industrial production mode and replace it with ecological production mode to coordinate the relationship between science and technology and ecological value; As far as ideology is concerned, because the ecological environment is related to everyone's vital interests, ordinary people, as the vast majority of society, cannot be excluded from science and technology. They have the right to know, supervise, participate in and veto the development, progress and use of science and technology. Scientific and technological knowledge should go out of the narrow scope of the expert world and enter the life world of the general public, and have an equal docking and dialogue with the common sense of life that people can understand, so that they can feel that science and technology is the deepening and precision of common sense, not the opposite of common sense, or just a "technical language"; In addition, scientific and technological research institutions should become independent departments, and the scientists working in them should have a fair and just "scientific spirit" and ecological ethics, focusing on the interests of all mankind and the entire ecosystem. This can not only effectively regulate the development of science and technology (based on the basic principles of ecological value), but also effectively restrain the behavior of scientists themselves, and guide the whole society to actively build a healthy and harmonious ecological survival concept and ecological lifestyle. Therefore, the introduction of ecological value considerations in the development of science and technology is of great benefit to the development of science and technology itself, people and the environment, and people and society.