Representatives of Northern School: Shaanxi, Shandong
From south to north in Shaanxi, especially in the Loess Plateau and Qinchuan, red, green and green paper-cuts can be seen everywhere. Gu Zhuo, with its rugged style, interesting implication, various forms and exquisite skills, occupies a very important position in folk art in Shaanxi and even the whole country. Experts call it a "living fossil" because it completely inherits the ancient modeling patterns of the Chinese nation. Such as fish face, lion head, and "catching dolls" similar to Zhou Wenhua. The Map of Niu Geng is similar to the portrait of the Han Dynasty. Inherited China's philosophy of Yin and Yang and the concept of reproductive worship. Such as eagle stepping rabbit, snake rabbit, crane holding fish, fish playing lotus, frog, deer, fish and birds in paper-cut in northern Shaanxi.
Representative of "Southern School": "Jiangsu and Zhejiang School" (Jiangsu and Zhejiang); Guangdong, Fujian
Yangzhou is one of the earliest areas where paper-cutting is popular in China, with a long history. Zhejiang paper-cut modeling pays attention to the big elephant wheel corridor, and cuts out thin yinxian lines from the image. Appropriate shadows can add color to the image structure and the rhythm of the picture.
Foshan paper-cutting has a long history, which originated in the Song Dynasty and flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Since the Ming Dynasty, Foshan paper-cut has been produced in large quantities by specialized industries, and the products are sold to provinces in the province, Central South and Southwest China, and exported to Southeast Asian countries. Nanping, Hua 'an and other places in Fujian mountainous areas are characterized by more works describing mountain birds and livestock, which are relatively strong and simple; In some coastal areas of southern Fujian and Zhangpu, aquatic animals are often represented in paintings, with meticulous style and vivid modeling; Putian and Xianyou are mainly gift flowers, which tend to be gorgeous and exquisite.
What are the characteristics of paper cutting? Various styles and vivid images.
The pattern is complex and beautifully made.
differentiate
1, different characteristics
The northern paper-cut folk customs are rich and simple, and the representative areas are mainly Shanxi, Shaanxi and Shandong. Southern paper-cutting pays attention to lines, and its composition is complicated. The representative areas are mainly Guangdong, Fujian and Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces.
2. Different shapes
South paper-cut paper-cut has a wide range of themes, including figures, flowers, birds, animals, insects and fish, strange peaks and rocks, places of interest and so on. Paper-cutting in the north is mostly about people's activities, flowers, birds, fish and insects, birds and beasts, folk stories and legends, etc.
Take Shaanxi paper-cut in the north as an example: Shaanxi paper-cut has a long history as a folk art form. Among the paper-cutting arts with different styles and characteristics all over the country, the ancient and quaint Shaanxi paper-cutting is loved by people for its unique charm.
From south to north in Shaanxi, especially in the Loess Plateau and Qinchuan, red, green and green paper-cuts can be seen everywhere. Gu Zhuo's modeling, rough style, interesting implication, diverse forms and exquisite skills occupy a very important position in Shaanxi and even the whole country's folk art.
Paper-cut forms of expression
1. The line is connected, but the line is broken.
Because paper-cut works are cut out or carved out on paper, we should take the method of hollowing out. Because of hollowing out, paper-cuts with public lines must be connected with lines, and paper-cuts with bus lines must be disconnected with lines. If you cut off some lines, the whole paper-cut will be fragmented and deformed. Thus, there is a structure that does not fall or cut. This is an important feature of paper-cutting art.
2. The patterning of composition modeling
Paper-cutting is different from other paintings in composition. "It is difficult to show the overlap of three-dimensional space, scene and image, and it often breaks through the proportion and perspective relationship between objects and images. The content is mainly based on the connection of images, and more combinations are used. Due to the exaggerated deformation in modeling, it can also use some laws of formal beauty of patterns to make symmetry, uniformity, balance, combination and continuity.
Paper-cutting is a unique form of folk art in China. What are its characteristics? Characteristics of paper-cutting:
1, composition modeling mode
Paper-cutting is different from other paintings in composition. It is difficult to show the overlap of three-dimensional space, scene and image, and often breaks through the proportion and perspective relationship between objects and images. The content is mainly based on the connection of images, and more combinations are used. Due to the exaggerated deformation in modeling, we can make use of some formal beauty laws of patterns to make them symmetrical, uniform, balanced, combined and continuous.
It can arrange the sun, moon, stars, birds and clouds on the same screen, just like buildings, people and animals on the ground. Common ones are "layers of high bases" or "borrowing things for scenery".
2. The image is exaggerated, concise and beautiful.
Due to the limitation of tools and materials, it is required that paper-cutting should not only grasp the characteristics of the object, but also link the lines with nature when processing images. Therefore, we can't adopt naturalistic realism.
It is required to pay attention to the main part of the image and boldly give up the secondary part to make the main body clear at a glance. The figure should be prominent, forming a simple and generous aesthetic feeling, the posture of the object should be exaggerated, the action should be big, the posture should be beautiful, just like the appearance on the stage, full of rhythm.
3, the color is simple and bright
The color requirements of paper-cutting are simple and complicated, and less configuration of the same color, similar color and adjacent color. It is required to seek harmony in contrast colors and pay attention to the proportion of colors used.
If a main color is used to form the main color, the contrast of other colors will be weakened to varying degrees. Sometimes when the color juxtaposition feels a little stiff, you can get a harmonious and lively feeling by putting it into the black and gold cut manuscripts respectively.
4. Knife should be "steady, accurate and skillful"
Many characteristics and styles of folk paper-cutting are due to certain knife skills, such as "Hundred Flowers Map" created by Zhang Yongshou, which is used in many places.
For example, a chrysanthemum engraved with "arhat beard" is straight when it first opens and curled when it is in full bloom, forming a spiral circle. When cutting this kind of chrysanthemum, it needs to be cut from the inside out, and the petals can curl freely after cutting, so as to form a chrysanthemum with unique image and flavor.
When carving a large number of paper-cuts at the same time, in the use of knife method, whether it is cut or not, the cut paper-cuts should be thick. When using a knife, you must cut it up and down like a hacksaw in your hand, and the force should be rigid and even, otherwise the knife will lose its flexibility thousands of miles away.
Be careful not to swing back and forth from left to right. Hold the knife vertically up and down, and the carved paper-cut will be accurate. When engraving paper, the cutting and lifting must be accurate, especially where the knife is connected with the knife door. If you say it, you can cut it, otherwise the line will be easily cut by a knife or the paper-cut will be torn.
"Clever" here mainly refers to the "sawtooth" and "crescent" carved by clever knives, which are two very important knife methods in paper-cutting. If these two knife methods are used properly, the unique "knife-like paper feeling" of paper-cutting art can be formed.