The first part: the teaching purpose of the lesson plan "I am a countryman"
1. Understand the specific content, ideological basis and historical progress of Mencius' "benevolent government".
2. Understand the process of Mencius' answering questions, the art of argument and the subjective and objective reasons of his "argument".
3. Understand and master the corresponding translations of "number", "method", "zhi", "combination" and "life" and some fixed sentence patterns.
4. Recite the full text on the basis of comprehensive understanding, and read two excerpts of Invincible Renyi and Breaking Your Word.
Teaching emphases and difficulties
1, key points:
The debate process and art of this article.
2. Difficulties:
Mencius' ideological content is also the concrete content of "benevolent politics".
Teaching time
Two classes.
Teaching step
I. Introduction
We have just learned a famous passage from The Analects of Confucius by Zeng and Gong Xihua, which reflects Confucius' political thought from one side-ruling the country with rites and music and implementing benevolent policies. This kind of political thought was developed by Mencius, the main representative of Confucianism, in the middle of the Warring States Period and became the theory of benevolent government. At that time, the princes fought for years and lost their lives. Mencius witnessed the sufferings and power of the people, formed the people-oriented thought, and put forward a famous proposition with the essence of democracy: "The people are the most important, the country is the second, and the monarch is the least." He believes that the people's heart is the foundation of the country, and the people's heart is the key to winning the world. Rulers should implement benevolent policies, be kind to the people, and care about the people's sufferings as parents treat their children, so as to win the support of the people; On the other hand, when a ruler abuses his government, he will be hated by the people, lose their hearts, become a lonely thief and be overthrown by the people. "I am for the country" is an answer of Mencius and Liang about political affairs. Let's read it, recite it, think about it, and discuss it again to see how Mencius' thought of benevolent governance is embodied in this class.
Second, the pronunciation of words.
1, drag (yè): drag.
2. Number (cù): dense.
3. (g incarnation): net.
4, true (wū): the water in the depression, the pond.
5. Turtle (Bi): Tuanyu, commonly known as tortoise.
6. Hey (Chi): Pig.
7. Love your brother.
8. Pi: People who starve to death.
Three. Introduction to Mencius
See the text.
Fourth, solve the problem.
This article is selected from Confucian classics. The words seem simple, but the connotation is difficult. Benevolence is the core of Mencius' political theory, and the book Mencius has discussed the related issues of benevolence many times.
This paper records a conversation between Mencius and Liang, discusses the problem of "the people are in poverty", expounds the specific content of Mencius' "benevolent government", and exposes social inequality to some extent.
During the Warring States period, the rulers of various vassal states attacked each other for cities and land. Fight for the city and kill the city "; Cruel exploitation at home, heavy labor, destruction of productivity. This has caused a shortage of troops and labor, which is a very prominent problem. Competing for manpower has become a top priority for the rulers of various vassal States. It can be seen that the essence of the beam problem is to enhance national strength by increasing manpower.
Five, the text talk
1, Liang said: "I am also dedicated to my country.
For the country (finally). There was a famine in Hanoi,
Yan eryi: three modal particles are used together to express emphasis and focus on the latter one.
2. If Hanoi is fierce, it will immigrate to Hedong and move to Hanoi; Hedong is also fierce.
Fierce: crop failure, famine year.
Move: move.
Xiaomi: Xiaomi refers to grain.
Also: That's right.
Its: generation of Hedong.
3. There is no such thing as my intention to examine the politics of neighboring countries. There are no more people in neighboring countries, and there are no more people in my country.
Check: check.
Politics: politics
None: incomparable.
Plus: more.
He ye: What is the reason?
The first part (1 natural paragraph): put forward the problem of "few people add"
During the Warring States period, the rulers of various vassal states attacked each other for cities and land. Fight for the city and kill the city "; Cruel exploitation, heavy labor and the destruction of productive forces in China have caused a shortage of soldiers. Labor shortage is a very prominent problem. Competing for manpower has become a top priority for the rulers. Before Liang raised the question that "there are not many people", he once boasted that "I am a country and I am dedicated to this country". Then, taking disaster relief as an example, he declared that he was better at governing the country than "neighboring politics". "Hanoi is fierce, so he immigrated to Hedong and moved Xiaomi to Hanoi; Hedong is also fierce. "Describe the concrete measures of disaster relief from two aspects." Observing the politicians of neighboring countries, they have no intention of being like me ",which further highlights Liang's self-esteem and paves the way for the later" pot calling the kettle black ". There are not many people in neighboring countries, and there are not many people in my country. Why? Liang hopes that more people will join him. Mencius used Liang's psychology to publicize the idea of "benevolent politics" and wanted to guide him to practice kingly politics.
Mencius said to him: "Wang is belligerent, please use the metaphor of war."
Militant: like to fight.
Metaphor: Use ... as a metaphor.
5. Replenish drums, weapons company, and abandon armor. Or stop after a hundred steps, or stop after fifty steps. The pot calls the kettle black. A hundred steps, and then what?
Sound the drums.
Fill in: Onomatopoeia.
Drum: a masterpiece.
One: auxiliary words, nonsense.
Soldier: Weapons.
Blade: Sorry, Blade.
Weapons: synonymous compounds.
Abandon armor and drag troops: abandon armor and drag weapons.
Or: Some people laugh at themselves.
And: table modification.
Hundred steps: quantifiers are verbs, running a hundred steps.
Then: then.
6. Say, "No, it's not a hundred steps straight, it's also a walk."
Straight no: that is not (running).
Straight: Just, but.
7. "If Wang knows this, there is no hope that there will be more people than neighboring countries.
Knowing this truth, don't expect to be more than our neighbors.
Nothing: just like nothing, don't.
It; Take independence as an example.
The second part (2-4 natural paragraph): analyze the reasons of "people's poverty";
Mencius did not directly answer the question of "the people are not living well", but used familiar examples like Liang to set metaphors to inspire each other and make them easy to accept. "Wang is belligerent, please use the metaphor of war." By the way, I would like to cite two cases in which two deserters "abandoned their armour and left". According to the distance of defeat and escape, the question "What about pot calling the kettle black?" The rhetorical question further inspires and induces the other party to unconsciously say something that denies his argument: "No, you can't go straight, even if you go straight." With the spear of the child, the shield of the attack, "If Wang knows this, there will be no hope for many neighboring countries." These two sentences suddenly turned to the topic, which not only answered the reason why the people were living in poverty, but also revealed the moral of pot calling the kettle black: Liang's "moving people and millet" was not devoted to governing the country with the rulers of neighboring countries, but there was no difference in essence, only in form and quantity. This means that Wang Huiliang's small favors cannot increase the number of people. To increase the number of people, he must be benevolent and have the demeanor of a king. So the article naturally transitions from the second part to the third part.
8. "If you don't go against the farming season, the valley can't take food. If you don't count, neither fish nor turtle can be eaten.
Violation: violation.
Valley: food.
Count: breakdown.
Into the pool: into the pool.
Victory: all.
9. Axes and pounds go into the mountains with time, but wood and wood cannot be used. Grains and fish turtles can't beat grain.
Use: press.
Time: season.
10, that is, keeping people healthy and not shaking, losing their lives and not shaking.
Mourning: A funeral for the dead.
And: the undertaking form.
1 1, the king begins.
Start: This is the beginning of.
Wang Dao: Governing the country with benevolence and righteousness is the political proposition of Confucianism.
Section 5-7 is the third part:
5 natural paragraph: explain the truth of "the beginning of king";
Mencius believed that the rational development of production, so that ordinary people "live without shaking, die without shaking" is the beginning of implementing benevolent policies and the initial measure to increase the number of people. "Don't go against the farming season, the valley can't win food. If you don't count, neither fish nor turtle can be eaten. Axes and pounds enter the mountains in time, and wood and firewood cannot be used. " Three groups of comparative sentences put forward three measures to develop production and the effects of taking these measures. The sentence pattern of "can't win" gives people an inexhaustible feeling, which greatly increases the persuasiveness and appeal of the article. Then, the first three groups of parallelism sentences are summarized by "five grains and fish and turtles can't eat, and wood and wood can't use", and based on this conclusion, a new conclusion is drawn: "The king also begins." Here, the author closely links three meanings and three aspects, and closely links the problem of "making the people increase more" with Wang's practice.
12, five acres of house, mulberry trees, fifty clothes.
Tree: verb, plant.
One: auxiliary words, nonsense.
Clothes: wear.
Silk: Silk fabric.
Dolphin: Little pig.
Bi: Pig.
13, chicken, dolphin, dog, pig, there is no time to waste, 70 people can eat meat.
Livestock: Livestock.
Nothing: yes or no, don't.
Lost: missed.
Time: opportunity.
It: replaces chickens, dolphins, dogs and birds.
Seize: delay.
14, a hundred acres of land, do not hurry, a few people in a family, you can go hungry;
Time: agricultural time.
15, sincerely teach you filial piety, and don't let it go for nothing.
Be careful: be careful.
Zhou Xu: It refers to ancient schools.
Teaching: enlightenment.
Shen: Say it again.
Filial piety: respect parents.
Xun: Good brother.
Righteousness: truth.
16, 70 people eat meat, Li people are not hungry or cold, but they are not kings and have nothing.
Be granted the same position.
White: gray hair.
Negative: carrying things.
Dai: Take something.
CoCo Lee: Ordinary people.
Wang: A famous work, Moving, is called King.
None: negative pronouns are used as object postposition.
6 natural paragraph: explain the reasons for Wang Dao's success:
Mencius further put forward the benevolent policy of educating the people and making them obey the people's will, which is also the fundamental measure of "making the people more". Chickens, dolphins and dogs are all domestic animals, so there is no time to waste. Seventy people can eat meat. A hundred acres of land, if you don't hurry, a few people in a family can be hungry. " These three groups of coordinate sentences also put forward three measures to develop production and the effects of taking these measures. Compared with the above three measures, these three measures are obviously a step forward and have stronger subjective initiative. Mencius not only advocated nurturing the people, but also advocated teaching them: "I am willing to teach them to make orders, use them in the sense of filial piety, and those who teach them white can't bear to wear them to the Tao." Here, the author uses four sets of parallelism sentences to describe his own ideas layer by layer, rendering them vividly, showing a bright future for Liang. Then, with the phrase "seventy people eat clothes, silk and meat, and the people are not hungry or cold", it is logical to draw the conclusion that "however, without the king, there is nothing", which echoes the previous "the beginning of the king"
17, dogs don't know when they eat, and they don't know when they are wrapped in hunger.
Checking: constraints
Tu: Same way, same way.
Zhai: People who starve to death.
Open the granary and help the people.
18, a man died, and he said,' It's not me, it's years old.'
Then: the table turned.
Years old: years old.
19, what's the difference between stabbing and killing, saying,' If it's not me, it's a soldier'?
He Yi: What's the difference?
Y: And.
Wang is innocent, and people all over the world are in the forefront.
Sin: blame.
S: Then.
To: to, here refers to surrender.
Paragraph 7: Explain the correct attitude of "making people better".
Mencius criticized the political malpractice of the ruler and proved his correctness from the opposite side. The first two paragraphs have explained the truth of the king very thoroughly, and this paragraph takes care of the beginning of the article. Liang kept saying that he was "dedicated" to the country, but "dogs don't know when they eat, and they don't know when they are hungry." How do they achieve "dedication"? The sharp contrast between "dogs eat people" and "wearing a coat of hunger" profoundly revealed the social inequality at that time. Then, the author refutes the prevarication of the governor's accusation of 2000 with metaphor: it is absurd to accuse poverty in 2000, just as absurd to accuse weapons of stabbing and killing people. It is not the famine that harms the people, but the tyranny of the rulers. The last two sentences, "The king is innocent, and the people all over the world are very heavy", are concise, and don't blame the times. Instead, we should reflect on ourselves, get rid of political drawbacks, and be benevolent, so that the people can live in houses, plant fields, eat well, wear warm clothes, use them adequately, get education, know manners and make them obey. "There are so many people in the world" answered the question of "not many people" put forward by Liang at the beginning.
The third part (5 ~ 7 natural paragraphs) expounds the concrete content of Mencius' "benevolent government"-the fundamental measures to increase the number of people.
6. Understand classical Chinese through reasoning
1, contrary to the will method:
In other words, you can skip something you don't understand. After you understand the general idea of the full text, you can assume an explanation according to the context, and sometimes you can even guess. This method is called "against one's will", and "against one's will" means "catering". For example, in this article, you can use this method.
2. Reasoning by the methods of duality, parallelism and intertextuality;
For example, in this article, "if you don't count, fish and turtles can't eat." We can infer the meaning of the sentence "several times" from the sentence "the weight of the axe".
3, according to the up and down thinking and logical relationship:
For example, the meaning of the sentence "No, it is not a hundred steps straight, but also a walk" can be based on the above "or stop after a hundred steps, or stop after fifty steps." In pot calling the kettle black, what is it? ".
Seven, homework.
Chapter two: The textbook Farewell to Cambridge.
1. The position and characteristics of teaching materials
It is the task of Chinese to cultivate students' noble aesthetic taste and good aesthetic creativity. The first unit of the first volume of Chinese in senior high school is poetry, which contains excellent modern and contemporary poems of China. Farewell to Cambridge is the beginning of high school literature appreciation. The first unit of the first volume of the standard experimental textbook of Chinese curriculum (compulsory) published by People's Education Press ranks in the second lesson of this unit, which is a typical example of appreciating and learning modern poetry. It is also the basis for appreciating other modern new poems. Students can experience, compare and identify poems with different themes, styles and schools, which is in line with the requirements of the new curriculum reform to pay special attention to students' emotional experiences in many aspects and make them influenced by beauty, and is of great significance to cultivating students' appreciation ability.
2. The establishment of learning objectives, key points and difficulties
The requirements of the new Chinese curriculum standard in senior high school for poetry reading are: strengthening reading comprehension, feeling the artistic conception and image of the works in reading comprehension, and gaining emotional experience, spiritual harmony and spiritual edification. On the basis of overall perception, learn to appreciate the works from artistic conception, image, language skills and other aspects, experience the artistic charm of the works, and gain rich aesthetic feelings.
Farewell to Cambridge is the representative work of Xu Zhimo, a crescent poet. Because Xu Zhimo advocates Wen Yiduo's poetic ideas of "the beauty of music, painting and architecture", his poems are characterized by fresh language, harmonious phonology, rich imagination, beautiful artistic conception and elegant thought. Farewell to Cambridge is a typical expression of this style of Xu Zhimo's poetry.
According to the requirements of new curriculum standards and teaching reference, combined with the characteristics of this paper, the three-dimensional teaching objectives of this paper are determined.
Knowledge and ability goals: understand the characteristics of modern poetry, taste the language of poetry, grasp the unique image and artistic conception of poetry, and learn the use of symbolism in poetry;
Process and Method Objectives: To cultivate students' interest and enthusiasm for poetry; Master reciting skills
Emotional Attitude and Values Goal: Appreciate the author's Farewell to Cambridge and feel the beauty of music, architecture and painting in Farewell to Cambridge.
According to the above teaching objectives, I have established the teaching emphases and difficulties of this paper as follows:
Teaching emphasis: cultivate students' ability to read poetry, grasp the unique image of poetry and taste the artistic conception of poetry.
Difficulties in teaching: feel the surging passion of poetry, grasp the theme, understand the meaning of images and the role of symbols.
Theory and teaching method
The new curriculum standard of Chinese in senior high school advocates cooperative, independent and inquiry learning methods. In the process of teaching, we should pay attention to students' practical activities, guide students to acquire knowledge actively and improve their Chinese ability in an all-round way. This course adopts a comprehensive teaching method which focuses on reading and supplemented by other teaching methods.
1 Reading poetry is an emotional art. Reading helps students grasp the content and understand the author's feelings, so as to gain their own emotional experience. The language of poetry is unique, concise and beautiful, and reading helps to taste the beauty of poetry.
On the basis of reading aloud, the question-and-answer appreciation method allows students to interpret the appreciation and images of Cambridge's beautiful scenery in Farewell to Cambridge, and guide students to appreciate the picture beauty of poetry, thus accepting aesthetic experience.
3 Inquiry learning method guides students to explore the feelings and themes of bidding farewell to Cambridge, gives full play to students' autonomous learning ability, guides students to actively acquire knowledge, and attaches importance to students' practical activities.
Methods of speaking and learning
Under the background of the new curriculum reform, it is particularly important to teach students how to learn, and the method of teaching students how to learn is much more important than simply imparting knowledge. Associative Identification and Collaborative Exploration Xu Zhimo is a unique poet in modern poetry, and it is difficult to "know the whole leopard at a glance" with only one poem. In order to better cultivate students' comparative analysis and identification ability, we introduce the associative comparison method, so that students can search for poems and texts expressing their feelings of parting after class.
On the Teaching Process
According to the guiding ideology of "teaching and guiding learning, for learning and serving learning", I am going to take the following teaching steps to achieve the teaching purpose:
1. Introduce a new lesson
Let's start with Huang Lei's song Farewell to Cambridge. Music can cultivate people's spirit and let students enter the scene. Secondly, I use courseware to show Xu Zhimo's brief introduction and pictures of Cambridge University campus, that is, to let students have a certain visual perception of the text in the form of pictures and words, and to help understand the poet's "Cambridge complex". Third, use multimedia to show the background of the times in the form of words, because every poet is unique. Every poem has its social roots and personality characteristics. A proper introduction to the poet's life background and experience can help students enter the poet's heart and deeply understand the emotion of poetry. A good lead is like a drum before singing, which will naturally attract students' attention and stimulate their interest and desire in learning.
2. Read poetically and feel the musical beauty of poetry.
In this link, let the students read freely first, then enjoy the recitation of Farewell to Cambridge with music, let the students find out the gap, and then the teacher will demonstrate reading and give reading guidance (pay attention to syllables, stress and tone), so that students can feel the musical charm of poetry in beautiful music.
3. Stimulate the imagination and experience the artistic conception and flowing picture beauty created by poetry.
In order to let students give full play to their imagination and enter the dreamy atmosphere of poetry, first, the whole poem is divided into seven pictures, and a series of beautiful pictures that match each picture of the poem are carefully selected. Then, using multimedia display, let students choose pictures according to poems, and find individual students to read their favorite poems. With pictures, give reasons for liking, so that students can deeply understand the pictures of each poem, and teachers can also grasp the highlights of the poem and make appropriate keywords, thus guiding students to appreciate the poem and gain aesthetics.
4. Comparative reading, experience the beauty of architecture
In order to let students know and feel the architectural beauty of the new metrical poem, I chose Liu Yuxi's metrical poem Wang Dongting in the Tang Dynasty for comparison. Through comparison, the students found the structural characteristics of the new metrical poems: one or three poems are in the front, two or four poems are in the back, the vacancies are scattered, and the architecture has changed; Furthermore, one sentence is short and three sentences are long, which shows the beauty of architecture.
5. Perceive the style of poetry as a whole without hurting and leaving without worrying.
Since ancient times, parting has always been a heavy sadness. I found a few poems by China to write about the ecstasy of parting, and compared them with Biekangqiao: (Wang Wei's Sending Yuan to Twenty Shores) I advised you to make more wine and go to Yangguan for no reason (Li Shangyin's Untitled). It was earlier than before I met her, but it was longer than we were apart, and the east wind and flowers were gone (Liu Yong's Yulinling).
6. Migrate applications
Xu Zhimo is one of the representatives of "Crescent School" who attaches great importance to formal beauty in the history of new poetry. By studying Farewell to Cambridge, we can appreciate the "three beauties" of new poetry, namely, the beauty of painting, music and architecture, and also let students know more about the rhythm of poetry. In order to expand students' artistic inspiration and improve their poetry appreciation ability, we will show two other poems by Xu Zhimo through multimedia.
Chapter three: the teaching purpose and requirements of "encouraging learning" teaching plan
1. Understand Xunzi's common sense, Xunzi's life and opinions, and the significance of persuasion.
2. Cultivate correct learning methods and attitudes, and connect with students' reality.
3. Pay attention to the use of words and notes.
Important and difficult
1, distinguish words, words and sounds. Pay attention to reciting and reciting.
2. Metaphor representation and metaphor, as well as the characteristics of positive and negative arguments.
3. Understand the significance, function and attitude of Xunzi to learning, and further understand the importance of learning.
teaching method
Teacher-student interaction, questioning method, discussion, reading aloud, audio-visual education, blackboard writing.
Teaching step
1, import:
Students, as a student, everyone should know the importance of learning, so do you know the meaning of learning and the correct purpose, attitude and method? Do you know the importance of persistent study? Now let's learn from Xunzi's "persuasion" and see how the ancients persuaded people to learn.
2. Ask individual students to read the text aloud.
3. Key Pinyin:
Straight wooden rope: zhòng
Although there is a storm: g m: o p ?
Think about the wheel: róu
A gentleman is knowledgeable and saves himself by attending the Japanese: cān xǐng
Not as good as what you learned in a flash: xyú
I tasted it and looked forward to it: Q.
Gentlemen are born different: xìng
So, don't multiply: kuǐ
leap:qíjí.
Top Ten Drivers in Ma Xu: nú
Perseverance: Qi
Stone can be carved: Lu u
The crab kneels six times and pinches twice: Ow!
4. Introduction to the author:
Xunzi (about 3 13 ~ 238 BC) was born in Zhao at the end of the warring States period. He once studied in the State of Qi and served as the Lanling Order of Chu. Later, he lost his official position and wrote a book at home. After his death, he was buried in Lanling. Xunzi was a thinker and educator in ancient China, the last representative of Confucianism in the pre-Qin period, and a master of simple materialism. Han Fei and Reese are both his students. He opposed the superstition of destiny and ghosts and gods, affirmed that the laws of nature are not transferred by human will, and put forward the idea that "those who master fate and use it" will conquer nature. He emphasized the role of education and etiquette, advocated that the rule of law should not be relied on alone, and that both education and etiquette should be paid equal attention. He emphasized the necessity of "doing" for "knowing" and the importance of learning the day after tomorrow, and advocated that the theory of evil nature holds that human nature is evil, that is, "inherent vice, good nature is false", but the acquired environment and education can change human nature.
Xunzi's works include twenty volumes of Xunzi. This book developed from the quotations of The Analects of Confucius and Mencius into a title paper, which marked the further maturity of ancient reasoning. His prose has thorough reasoning, simple language, rich parallelism and good metaphor. "Encouraging Learning" is Xunzi's first article. This article is excerpted from the first few paragraphs of the original text.
5. Listen to the recording "Persuasion".
6. Central argument:
Mr. Wang said: I can't learn.
7. The students read Persuasion in chorus.
8. Translation of keywords in the first and second paragraphs:
Can't learn: stop
Green, from blue, green is blue: in: from; Yu: More than that ...
Ice, water: formation and condensation (verb)
Straight wooden rope: integration and combination
Think of it as a wheel: think of it as a wheel.
Its law of curvature: curvature
Although there is violence: although, even if; Yes, through "you"
Let nature take its course: so.
Gold is sharp and profitable: just, near; Sharp, sharp
Then there is nothing wrong with knowing and doing: knowing "wisdom"; Ming, Ming Da; Line, behavior; Pass, fail
9. Translate the first and second paragraphs:
The gentleman said: learning can't stop. Indigo is extracted from bluegrass and bluer than bluegrass. Ice is solidified by water, which is cooler than water. The wood is straight and conforms to the chalk line. If it is bent into a wheel, the curvature of wood meets the standard of roundness. No matter how dry it is, it won't be straight, because it has been processed like this. Therefore, wood can be straightened after being measured with ink lines, and metal products such as swords can be sharpened after being ground on grindstones. A gentleman reads widely and checks himself every day, so he will be wise and his behavior will not be wrong.
10, argument;
The meaning of learning: improve yourself.
Green is taken from blue, and green is blue.
Ice, water, but colder than water.
The wood is straight in the rope. Think of it as a wheel, and its curve is in the rules.
Although there is a crisis, those who stop coming forward will make it happen.
Therefore, the wood is straight by the rope, and the golden tip is beneficial.
1 1. Translation of keywords in the third paragraph:
I've been thinking all day: once
I tasted it and looked at it: from a distance.
It is best to be knowledgeable when climbing mountains: knowledgeable.
Climbing the mountain, the arm is not lengthened: recruiting, swinging; Add, add
And the people who hear it are obvious and clear.
Those who cheat horses are not profitable, but also cause thousands of miles: fake, borrow, borrow; For: making ... fast; reach
If you can't swim, you won't cross the river: water: swimming (famous for its movement): crossing.
Gentleman's life is the same, and goodness is false to things: life, communication with "sex", endowment and qualification; Difference: different
12, third paragraph translation:
I used to think about it all day, but I didn't learn much in an instant. I once stood on tiptoe and looked far away, but not as high as I saw.
Climbing high and waving, the arm is not longer than before, but others can see it in the distance; Call with the wind, the voice is not as loud as before, but the listener can hear clearly. People with chariots and horses can walk Wan Li Road if they don't walk fast, and people with boats can swim across the river without swimming. The essence of a gentleman is no different from ordinary people, but he is good at using foreign things.
13, parameter:
The role of learning: make up for the deficiency.