Due to the single variety, unreasonable collocation layout, extensive management and untimely pest control in the planting process, the improvement of potato commodity value and the reduction of economic benefits have been seriously affected. The cultivation techniques of early-maturing potato in Bijie were summarized, including plot selection, variety selection, seed potato treatment, sowing, field management, pest control and harvesting, etc., for reference.
Bijie is a subtropical monsoon humid climate, with no heat in summer and no cold in winter. The monsoon climate is obvious, the rainfall is abundant, and the three-dimensional climate is prominent. The average temperature is 10℃~ 15℃, with great difference in altitude. The vertical change of climate is particularly obvious. The cold and warm temperatures of mountains are different, and the cold and hot temperatures of plateau basins are different, which is beneficial to the growth of many plants.
The climatic conditions in Bijie City are suitable for the growth and development of potatoes. It has the characteristics of high altitude, abundant sunshine, large temperature difference and moderate water resources. Bijie City is endowed with unique climatic conditions, which is recognized as the best potato planting area and ideal potato planting and breeding base in China. Potato is one of the most promising high-yield cash crops in Bijie, with great potential and obvious advantages. Bijie is not only the largest potato producing area in Guizhou province, but also one of the four largest potato producing areas in China except Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia and Dingxi, Gansu.
Select excellent virus-free potato varieties suitable for early maturity, high and stable yield, strong disease resistance, good quality and storage and transportation resistance. Concentrated tubers, large tubers, high yield and good commercialization.
3. 1 land selection and soil preparation: sandy loam plots with high terrain, deep plough layer, loose soil, medium fertility, convenient irrigation and drainage and slight acidity should be selected. Deeply cultivate loose soil, improve the ability of water storage and water conservation, coordinate fertility factors such as water, fertilizer, gas and heat in soil, and provide a comfortable growth environment for the growth of potato roots, stolons and tubers. The root system of potato tuber after sowing is fibrous root system, and its permeability is poor. Loose soil is beneficial to the growth and development of root system, and the root system is developed, which can enhance the ability to absorb water and nutrients in the soil and continuously input them into the aboveground parts, make plants grow healthily, enhance their photosynthetic capacity and increase photosynthetic products, and provide a material basis for high yield. Therefore, deep tillage is the basis of high yield of potato. Turn it to a depth of about 25cm, and then level it. In the coming year, 3000 kilograms of high-quality farm manure, 50 kilograms of special fertilizer for potatoes and 50 kilograms of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer will be applied per mu as base fertilizer.
3.2 Seed potato treatment
3.2. 1 Germination accelerating treatment: two weeks before sowing, germinate the seed potatoes that have not broken dormancy. In production, potato seeds are usually soaked in 5~ 10mg/kg gibberellin for 5~ 10min, and then sprinkled for 4 ~ 8 hours after taking out. You can also soak ungerminated potato pieces in gibberellin 1~2mg/kg for 10min, take them out and bury them in a wet sand bed, wet the river sand one layer at a time, and then cover them with straw or film to accelerate germination and keep moisture, and germinate in 10 day. When the buds grow to 1cm, take out the seedlings and sow for 2 days. You can also spread the seed potatoes in the sun for 2~3 layers, sun for 3 ~ 5 days, and then pile them up after softening. Sun piled it up again and repeated it for 3~4 times. When the potato pieces become soft, the potato skin turns green, the bud eyes turn white or green, and short and strong buds grow out, you can sow. The optimum length of bud is 0.5~ 1cm, the optimum temperature for accelerating bud is 15℃~20℃, and the relative humidity is about 60%. In the process of accelerating germination, it is necessary to prevent low temperature frostbite and high temperature black heart at night.
Knife therapy
Before cutting seed potatoes, the knives should be disinfected to prevent bacterial infection caused by cutting. Soak in 300 times solution of 30% potassium permanganate or 75% alcohol for 20 minutes, and disinfect when cutting to avoid cross infection of germs. Knives should be wiped or soaked in 75% alcohol or 5% potassium permanganate solution 1 ~ 2 minutes for disinfection. Cut the germinated seed potato (the bud length is not more than 0.5cm) vertically and then horizontally, remove all diseased, rotten and discolored potato pieces and miscellaneous potatoes, and destroy them. The size of bud block is generally 30~50g, which is determined by the number of seed potatoes, weather conditions and design density. Immediately after slicing, the seeds are coated with gypsum powder or plant plant ash, and the gypsum powder or plant plant ash contains 0. 1% metalaxyl or 0.3% carbendazim based on the weight of potato seed potatoes, and then spread and dried. Sow immediately after sowing, and avoid piling too thick to reduce infection and prevent seeds from rotting.