The topic should be short and clear, and highly summarize the research content or core idea. The number of words in the topic should be appropriate, generally no more than 20 words. If some details must be put in the title, in order to avoid redundancy, a subtitle can be set up, and supplementary explanations can be put forward as subtitles.

Second, summary

A paper usually has an abstract, which is a brief statement of the content of the paper, without comments or annotations. Its function is to enable readers to obtain the necessary information without reading the full text of the paper.

The abstract shall include the following contents:

① The purpose and significance of this study;

(2) the main content of the study, which shows what has been done;

(3) The basic conclusions and research results highlight the originality of the paper;

④ The significance of the conclusion or achievement.

Although the abstract of the paper should reflect the above contents, the text must be very concise, the content should be fully summarized, and the length is generally limited to less than 5% of the words in the paper. For example, a 6000-word paper usually has an abstract of no more than 300 words.

The abstract of the paper does not need to list examples, talk about the research process, use charts, give chemical structure and make self-evaluation. The common problems in writing the abstract of a paper are as follows: 1. Plagiarizing the subtitle (table of contents) or the text of the conclusion part of the paper; Second, the content is not centralized and the text is too long.

Third, key words

Keywords are words or terms selected from the paper to express the main content information of the full text, to reveal the core content of academic papers, and to refine and summarize the most basic academic ideas and technical methods of the paper. Generally, there are 3 ~ 5 keywords.

Keywords mainly include nouns, gerunds and nominalized phrases. General words (analysis, application, method, etc. ) there is no retrieval significance, and it is generally not selected as a keyword. The selection range of keywords is not limited to the title of the article, but also can be selected from the abstract and text of the article.

Four. introduce

Introduction, also known as preface, belongs to the introduction part of the whole paper. Its writing contents include: reasons, purposes, background, gaps in previous work and research, theoretical basis, expected results and its position, role and significance in related fields. The introduction text should not be lengthy, the content selection should not be too scattered and trivial, and the wording should be refined to attract readers to continue reading.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) text

The text is the main body of the investigation report. It describes the facts and related materials obtained from the investigation, discusses the analysis and synthesis, and explains the results and conclusions of the investigation and research.

The structure of text has different frames. The framework of arranging materials according to logical relationship includes: vertical structure (conceived and written in the order of time or things development), horizontal structure (conceived and written in terms of space or nature), and vertical and horizontal structure (combined use of vertical and horizontal, with one structural mode as the main one and the other as the auxiliary one). Among these three structures, people often adopt vertical and horizontal structures.

According to the level of content expression, the framework consists of "situation-result-problem-suggestion" structure, which is mostly used to reflect the basic situation of the investigation report; The structure of "result-concrete practice-experience" is mostly used to introduce the investigation report of experience; The structure of "problem-reason-opinion or suggestion" is mostly used to expose the investigation report of the problem; The structure of "event process-event nature conclusion-handling opinion" is mostly used for investigation reports that reveal the right and wrong of cases.

Reference of intransitive verbs

Reference is the whole reference or quotation of a book or a paper in the process of academic research. The cited documents have been noted in the notes and no longer appear in the following references. In the process of writing the investigation report, please don't list references that you haven't read or are irrelevant to this article.

The description of references should comply with gb77 14-87 "Rules for the Description of References after Articles" and "Data Specification for Retrieval and Evaluation of China Academic Journals (CD-ROM Edition)", and adopt sequential coding system. In the cited documents, Arabic numerals should be used continuously in the order in which the cited documents appear, and the serial numbers should be placed in square brackets.