Couplets are valuable teaching resources for Chinese teachers. Although the knowledge of couplets is not systematically explained or even required in textbooks, the art of couplets is a cultural treasure of the Chinese nation. Today, we should inherit and carry forward this art. More importantly, couplets directly point to the examination of candidates' Chinese literacy, from which we can clearly see candidates' Chinese literacy. Chen Yinque, a master of Chinese studies, once said that couplets can not only reflect the characteristics of Chinese, but also have four detection functions: he explained them from four aspects: first, "couplets can detect whether candidates can distinguish between virtual and real words and their applications"; Second, "pairing can test whether candidates can level their voices separately"; Third, "pairing can test the quantity of reading and the richness of language"; Fourth, "Pairing can test the coherence of ideas". (Talking with Liu about Chinese test paper). In a word, couplets, as an effective educational and teaching resource, should be actively utilized and re-developed.
First of all, couplet teaching embodies the soul of Chinese-humanistic spirit.
Mr. Zhou, a famous contemporary scholar, once said: "Couplets are a comprehensive product of the aesthetic view of our great nation and the characteristics of China, and a special achievement accumulated by advanced creation in thousands of years of cultural history. ..... couplets are a kind of essence, a kind of refinement, a kind of crystallization or a kind of sublimation. It has great generalization ability, can arouse people's strongest aesthetic feeling in the simplest form, give people the richest enlightenment, or make people think deeply, be familiar with it and get great lessons. "
Weak cultural background is a common problem among students today. Nowadays, the accumulation of quality and quantity of traditional culture is often inadvertently ignored in Chinese learning, and the awareness of the use of traditional style is even weaker. The "China characteristics" of Chinese teaching have been ignored by us intentionally or unintentionally. As a traditional literary and artistic form in China, couplets are a unique and precious literary heritage of China, and a concentrated art ... Its uniqueness is closely related to China's unique writing form and cultural tradition. It reflects people's lives and expresses emotions with the most exquisite language and rhythmic rhythm. In the process of tasting, people can appreciate the exquisiteness of couplets and the profoundness of national cultural spirit.
Second, couplet teaching embodies the essential attribute of Chinese subject-instrumentality.
Couplets are not only a traditional literary and artistic form, but also an important traditional teaching method. The ancients attached great importance to the teaching of couplets. Mr. Zhang Zhigong said in the article "Gains and Losses of Traditional Chinese Teaching": "Duels (couplets) have existed since ancient times. In the period of modern poetry (metrical poems and quatrains), it has become a kind of metrical, and some two sentences in the poem must be paired. The formation of this Chinese teaching method is obviously related to modern poetry, but it has actually gone beyond the scope of poetry and developed into a teaching method. " (2) Mr. Zhou Shao, a literary historian, once said: "In China literature, all kinds of rhyming literary genres, such as parallel prose, poems and inscriptions, should be based on couplets. So in the past, all scholars took pairing as their basic skills. Only by practicing this basic skill can they enter various genres. " (3)
More coincidentally, the thinking mode and process of couplet training coincide with modern linguistics teaching theory. "Humans learn to speak from one-word sentences to two-word sentences, and the basic mysteries of language have begun to penetrate into this thinking process. One sentence reflects the connection between words and things, especially the generality of words referring to the whole kind of things, and the other sentence reflects the principle of sentence-making, so as to master the function words expressing the relationship between language units. " (4) A passage by Mr. Lu Xun is an excellent example of this theory. He wrote affectionately in the article "From Herb Garden to San Tan Yin Yue": "I only study, practice calligraphy at noon and attend classes at night. Mr. Wang was very strict with me for the first few days. Later, he read me more books and gradually made up lessons, from three words to five words, and finally to seven words. " Mr. Qian, a scholar, recalled his experience of "mutual classes" in primary schools: "Every day after school, the Chinese teacher attends classes, and those who can learn from each other return first. One word in the first grade, such as heaven to earth, horse to cow, etc. Second-level words, such as heaven and earth, white horse versus cow; Three words in the third grade; Four words in grade four ... "It can be said that the process of couplet training is the process of thinking training and expression training. It embodies the instrumental characteristics of Chinese subject.
Thirdly, couplet teaching embodies the equality, subjective status and subjective relationship between teachers and students.
Although couplet teaching is a traditional teaching method in our country, it is not influenced by its long history, which embodies the requirements of modern education and is the essence of China culture. The couplet training between teachers and students in the classroom makes the boring classroom full of vitality, which can not only promote the change of students' learning methods, but also promote the change of teachers' roles, that is, teachers and students are in an equal and creative position, and teaching is full of humanistic care. Facing the challenges brought by words and phrases, teachers and students stand on the same starting line, which is the starting point of thinking. In more cases, teachers' thinking agility and divergence are not necessarily higher than students', especially when teachers and students ask each other questions. The answers to couplets go beyond the presupposition, showing more openness and inquiry, and further embodying the subjective relationship of equality between teachers and students. Classroom teaching is more open and inclusive, full of encouragement, intelligent exchange between teachers and students, and spiritual and emotional integration. This kind of classroom atmosphere cannot be deliberately created. It is not the embodiment of teachers' personal knowledge authority, nor the passive performance of students, but truly reflects the requirements of modern educational concepts.
Fourthly, couplet teaching can promote the all-round cultivation of students' abilities.
(A) to cultivate students' initiative
Students have a strong thirst for knowledge, especially the knowledge they are interested in, but the initiative of students to answer questions is often closely related to the interest and challenge of topic design. The more challenging the problem, the stronger the demand for exploration and solution. Couplets are combinations of words, which are generally short and pithy, and are often used in daily life or words. This feature makes them interesting and challenging, and provides space for students to think and create. Couplets contain a lot of historical content and profound cultural accumulation of the Chinese nation, including the traditional personality, virtue, mentality and customs of the Chinese nation, which have great influence on students' sexual stimulation and even the touch of their souls.
When properly used, couplets can often play a wonderful role of "stirring up a thousand waves with one stone" and make the classroom atmosphere suddenly active. For example, when I was teaching "The Hongmen Banquet", I used such a couplet to introduce the text: "Two boats are parallel, and the speed of rowing is not as fast as that of sailing; Eight-tone ensemble, how can the flute sound clearer than the flute sound and "I'll project this couplet on the big screen first, and then ask the students who this couplet is about." "The students replied that it was Fan Kuai, so I explained the rich connotation of this couplet in combination with the text. (Lu Su is not as good as Fan Kuai, and Wen is not as good as Wu; How can Di Qing be better than Xiao He? The students let out a sigh and were deeply impressed by the profoundness of China culture. I briefly introduced the background of the article "Hongmen Banquet" while the iron was hot. This kind of introduction is natural and vivid, which greatly stimulates students' enthusiasm for learning, deepens students' understanding of the text, and plays the role of "killing two birds with one stone".
(2) Cultivate students' summing-up ability and creativity.
Couplets are a kind of language form that can be expressed within a certain limit, just like dancing in chains. If you want to express it properly and profoundly, you must have strong generalization ability and creativity. How to choose the most suitable word from thousands of words? You must also connect them quickly and organically into a meaningful, emotional, orderly and interesting sentence. Through couplet training, students start from the most subtle foundation of language, learn to refine words, choose words, write beautiful sentences, and then go to the chapter. This is a gradual process. Therefore, couplets are sharp tools for students' thinking and writing training. Qian Zhongshu said, "Matching languages makes a family. The more you can make a difference, the more you will see the inner beauty of the poet. "
At the same time, the creation of couplets is a dynamic process, a training of thinking and language, a process full of attempts and knowledge internalization, and a process of knowledge acquisition. The dynamic inquiry process is more open and creative. While accumulating and processing knowledge, students can experience emotions independently, find the rich connotation and background of emotional vocabulary between squares, and let students' creativity be truly reflected and brought into play.
In teaching, I consciously use couplets to train students' abilities in these aspects. For example, after analyzing the article "The Death of Yang Xiu", I asked students to evaluate Yang Xiu in the form of couplets. The students summarized it as: "A Qiaozui Zhang, revealing the secret: two thin lips, summoning disaster". This pair of couplets highly summarizes the reasons for Yang Xiu's death and plays a sublimation role in the theme of the article. For another example, the students summarized the content of "From White Grass Garden to San Tan Yin Yue" as: "White Grass Paradise is naturally cultivated; Three pools printing the moon, civilized education. " It can be said at a glance. This practice adds a layer of ability training to the teaching content, which makes the teaching content more substantial and in place. For another example, when I was reviewing ancient poems, I designed "Looking at the sea from Jieshi in the east". Students gave full play to their association and imagination and wrote the second book "Looking at the stars and wolves in the west" and "Looking at the night and worrying", all of which were self-taught poems (from Cao Cao's "Looking at the sea", Su Shi's "Jiangchengzi" and Li Bai's "I heard that Wang Changling moved to the left, and Long Biao Yao had this."
(C) to cultivate students' aesthetic taste and ability
In addition to training language thinking, couplets have a very obvious effect on enriching students' cultural life and improving their aesthetic taste and ability. Cultivating students' aesthetic interest and certain aesthetic ability is an important teaching task in the new curriculum standard and an indispensable factor in developing students' healthy personality and forming healthy personality.
Couplets are not only the art of language, but also the art of writing, which is closely combined with traditional China arts such as calligraphy and painting. The couplets are neat in appearance and harmonious in rhythm, with the characteristics of beauty in painting, rhythm and architecture. In particular, many couplets are exquisitely conceived and far-reaching in artistic conception, which can cultivate people's thoughts and improve their aesthetic ability. China people have the habit of writing couplets since ancient times, such as the Spring Festival couplets that we are most familiar with, such as "Spring returns to the earth, beaming", "People are hardworking and rich, and the country is peaceful and the people are safe" and so on; In addition, many people with lofty ideals in history regard couplets as the carrier of their aspirations, showing their aesthetics, values, outlook on life, and even full body and mind and enthusiasm, making them immortal masterpieces. For example, Gu Xiancheng, a member of the Lindong Party in the Ming Dynasty, "The sound of reading in the wind and rain can be heard; Family affairs, state affairs, what's going on in the world, and caring about everything "have become a symbol of patriotism. And Pu Songling's "Where there is a will, there is a way, cross the rubicon, 102 Qin Guan will eventually Chu; Hard-working people live up to expectations, and 3 thousand troops can swallow Wu. "Encourage yourself by praising Xiang Yu and Gou Jian, showing their hard-working attitude and defiant character.
In teaching, I often choose those couplets with profound connotation, rich content and ingenious conception to introduce to students and evaluate and appreciate them; In addition, students are allowed to choose their own couplets, write appreciation articles, and then communicate with each other so that they can create independently. Students have gained a lot in the ocean of elegant literature creation and appreciation, which is due to my personal teaching research.
The writing purpose of this paper is not to deliberately improve the status of couplet teaching. I think, under the good background of the current new curriculum standard, I can pick up the treasures of traditional culture again, combine the characteristics of the new era, inherit and carry forward the characteristics and advantages of the Chinese subject with China characteristics, which is the happiness of being a Chinese teacher. Let's look forward to the spring of Chinese teaching with this article.