The evaluation of expression and communication in Pingxiang No.9 Middle School, Zhang Zhongxin No.1 Middle School and Senior High School Chinese New Curriculum Standard puts forward such a goal: whether you can consciously express your opinions through argumentative writing, understand the writing requirements of argumentative writing, and use a variety of writing skills to continuously improve your writing level. As the most common and practical style, argumentative writing is widely used in middle school, so it is very important to master the writing skills of this style. Nowadays, middle school students often write argumentative essays in disorder, and the structure of an article is often in a mess. Many students feel that it may not be too difficult to draw the central argument, but after drawing it, they are worried because they don't know how to decompose it. Facing the central argument is like facing the wasteland, where there is a road, but you don't know how to go and how to find reasons to support the central argument. This requires learning the methods of horizontal and vertical discussion. Second, the case statement (a) teaching objectives 1, understand the horizontal and vertical patterns of argumentative writing structure. 2. Conduct horizontal and vertical divergent thinking training and learn to use horizontal and vertical modes flexibly for discussion. 3. Get into the habit of writing an outline of an argumentative paper before writing. (2) Teaching process 1. Learn to discuss horizontally (1) The basic features of the horizontal parallel structure of argumentative essays have some basic structural forms, such as parallelism, progression, comparison, inspiration and summation. Among them, juxtaposition is a typical horizontal mode, that is, the general argument is put forward first, and then the general argument is discussed in parallel from several aspects, that is, the discussion part consists of several parallel sub-arguments. Several parallel arguments are often placed at the beginning of each paragraph to show the hierarchy. The key to adopting this structure is to be able to understand a general argument from different aspects and arrange several sub-arguments that can explain the general argument side by side. (2) Advantages of horizontal parallel structure First of all, it can make the article clear and coherent. Argumentative writing focuses on explaining the truth, but to explain a certain problem, if it can be divided into several aspects, it can often make the discussion appear orderly, more but not chaotic. Secondly, judging from the strength and effect of the discussion, the adoption of horizontal structure can often make the discussion full of charm, like a heavy wave, leaving a strong impression on readers, thus enhancing the persuasiveness of the discussion. Thirdly, the proper and reasonable use of horizontal structure in the discussion can show the depth of the author in different directions within a specific thinking range and reflect the depth of the author's thinking. It can be said that horizontal structure is one of the effective ways to write quickly in exam-oriented composition writing. (3) Some points to pay attention to when using abscissa structure. First of all, we should consider the weight relationship, primary and secondary relationship, sequential relationship and time relationship of the argument. Second, the form should be clear at a glance, that is, the central sentence of each paragraph should be the central sentence of the first paragraph. Third, we should observe, analyze and understand things from multiple angles. Fourth, the arguments should be unified and not cross-inclusive. (4) The article "Encouraging Learning" is an example of the application of horizontal juxtaposition structure. At the beginning, it puts forward the central argument that learning is not enough. Then, the central argument is clearly decomposed and discussed from the aspects of the significance, function and methods to be used in learning. 2. Learn to discuss vertically. Vertical discussion mainly adopts hierarchical structure. All levels of the article are in-depth and step by step, and the order of each level has strict requirements and cannot be changed at will. (1) Hierarchy format: Introduction (Propose arguments and topics) What is this argument? Sub-argument-why? Argument-what should I do? Sub-argument-how to draw a conclusion (refer to the full text) (2) Application of basic format The scope of the article discussion can be divided into four aspects: "What is it", the nature and category of the argument; "Why", the purpose and reason of the argument; "What to do", the methods and ways of demonstration; "What will happen?" Demonstrate effectiveness and results. Generally speaking, an article will not discuss four aspects at the same time, and most of them choose one or two to discuss. (3) The article On Teachers is an example of using progressive structure in vertical discussion. At the beginning, it reveals the central argument: ancient scholars must have teachers. Next, the central argument is expounded from the following aspects: the importance of learning from teachers, the harm of not learning from teachers, and the standards for saints to learn from teachers. These aspects are step by step, and the order cannot be disturbed casually. 3. Writing an argumentative essay on the topic "You can also make an axe in class" can adopt the method of horizontal discussion or vertical discussion, or combine the two. Before writing, you are required to write an outline in order to better achieve the effect of practice. Third, harvest and reflection 1. After this composition training, many students can meet the requirements of horizontal discussion or vertical discussion, which has changed the situation of unclear writing in the past. Many students have formed the habit of writing an outline. 2. In the class I teach, many students' scores in the senior high school entrance examination are not ideal, and every time they encounter a composition, they are blank. Even in the senior high school entrance examination, their compositions are blank. After guidance and training, they have been able to write about 600 words. Although there is still a big gap from the requirement of 700 words for high school composition, we should see progress. After this composition training, I also saw some problems. Formally, this article is well organized, but it still lacks substantive content. It's like building a house and putting up shelves, but the decoration inside is not good enough. The biggest problem is that there is no writing material, which is also the biggest deficiency of middle school students' composition.