Keywords: fire safety; Eliminate hidden dangers; Reserve plan
Safety is the premise of normal teaching and scientific research in colleges and universities, which is directly related to the development of higher education and the cultivation of "four haves" talents, and to the life and property safety of teachers, students and employees. With the intensification of open school and the deepening of management system reform, the expansion of enrollment scale and campus expansion, new campuses have sprung up, and "one school with multiple addresses" has brought new challenges to safety work. Nowadays, the university is a concentrated society, which not only has a large computer room, a large library, a large auditorium and a large teaching laboratory, but also some supporting service facilities that can meet the daily needs of students and faculty, such as student and faculty dormitories, canteens, shopping supermarkets and some places with leisure functions. Modern higher education is open education, and colleges and universities have shown unprecedented openness in the reform. Campus has become a diversified, multi-factor and multi-level social public place, and the object of safety work is not only the staff on campus, which further increases the difficulty of fire management in colleges and universities.
First, the main manifestations of problems in campus fire management
Fire safety publicity and education is not in place. Teachers and students in the school have a weak awareness of fire safety, lack of fire knowledge, and poor ability to put out initial fires and escape from fires. According to the survey, at present, most schools in China have not carried out fire education, and some schools rarely or never organize teachers and students to carry out education and training on fire safety, emergency evacuation, fire escape and self-help, emergency evacuation drills, etc. College students lack awareness of fire safety. Many college students have not received proper fire safety education and training, know little about fire safety knowledge and disaster prevention skills, and lack fire safety awareness. So there are some problems, such as pulling wires privately in the dormitory and using illegal electrical appliances; There are also students who light candles and read books in the dormitory after turning off the lights at night; Some students smoke in bed; Some students open a "small stove" to cook in the dormitory; In the laboratory, inflammable and dangerous chemicals are used in violation of regulations.
Insufficient safe evacuation routes. The teaching building, library, audio-visual classroom, canteen, student dormitory and other parts of the school are all crowded places, and overcrowding often occurs. These places often do not get enough attention from schools, and fire management and fire safety measures are not in place. In order to facilitate students' management, some schools have taken some measures that are not conducive to fire safety evacuation. Many colleges and universities have a long history, and the planning, structure and facilities of some old buildings have not considered the fire safety requirements. The fire water source is short, the fire passage is not smooth, and it has been in disrepair for many years, and the fire hazard is serious.
The fire safety system is not perfect. Some did not make clear and standardize the specific procedures, work contents, job responsibilities, reward and punishment measures in accordance with the basic requirements of fire safety management. Although some of them are clear, they are general and empty, and their operability is not strong. The concept of fire fighting is limited to the fire call or waiting for the fire brigade to put out the fire. Some have not established basic systems such as fire inspection, management of safety evacuation facilities, and rectification of fire hazards. Although some have been established, they are only written on paper and hung on the wall. In practice, there is no clear supervision and implementation mechanism, and most systems are invalid.
The old management mode can no longer adapt to the new situation of the rapid development of colleges and universities. With the rapid development of colleges and universities and the emergence of many new things, higher requirements are put forward for fire safety, and the old management model will not meet the new development needs. For example, with the socialization of university logistics, there are more and more foreign employees. When recruiting employees, they rushed to work without necessary pre-job fire safety knowledge training, and the unsafe hidden dangers increased accordingly; The enrollment expansion of colleges and universities should prevent the pressure from increasing and the shortage of manpower. In order to prevent theft, many colleges and universities use iron nets to seal all the windows from the first floor to the top floor. Some schools install iron fences on each floor, leaving only one exit. What's more, when the dormitory door is locked at night, students become "caged birds". In the event of a fire, students can't escape and save themselves, which can easily lead to accidents of group death and group injury. At the same time, the fire-fighting facilities and equipment equipped in many buildings are difficult to play their effective role because of the untimely overhaul and maintenance. Second, the alarm bells are ringing and lessons are learned.
In August of 20001year, a fire broke out in the courtyard of the west campus of Shandong University, and an ancient tower on the west side of the campus was burned down. 200 1, 1 1, a major fire broke out in Nanjing University, and the brand-new second student canteen was burned down in the fire. 200165438+February, a fire broke out in the dormitory of Peking University No.1 teaching and research institute, and six rooms were burned down and the roof was burned through; 200 1 12, a fire broke out in a graduate dormitory of Sichuan university, and all the articles in the room were burned; In March, 2002, a fire broke out in the dormitory of Peking University Physics Department, and all the indoor articles were burned. On June 5438+065438+ 10, 2002, a student dormitory in Xi Union University caught fire. Many students were trapped upstairs by smoke because of lack of self-help knowledge, but fortunately they were rescued by firefighters in time.
Third, do a good job in college fire safety countermeasures
School fire safety measures should be scientifically set and managed. According to the specific measures in the Regulations on Fire Safety Management of Organs, Organizations, Enterprises, Institutions and Units (Order No.61of the Ministry of Public Security), the responsibility system for fire safety of all units shall be formulated. The main leaders of the party and government in the school are responsible for safety work. They should take overall responsibility for fire safety work, conscientiously implement the policy of "putting prevention first and combining prevention with elimination", and take controlling and reducing major fire hazards as the top priority of current fire control work. Where the newly built, rebuilt, expanded and internally decorated computer rooms, laboratories, libraries, canteens, auditoriums and other places are crowded or prone to fire, fire supervision and inspection personnel should strictly follow the technical specifications such as Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings, Code for Fire Protection Design of Interior Decoration of Buildings, Code for Design of Fire Extinguishers of Buildings, and strictly implement the national technical specifications for fire protection, control the source and eliminate new hidden dangers. Fire fighting equipment and facilities in key parts should be maintained regularly. The dormitory should also be equipped with necessary fire-fighting equipment, which is one of the important measures to put out the initial fire and ensure that there is no fire hazard in the dormitory.
Gradually establish and improve the long-term mechanism and fire safety responsibility system of campus fire safety management. Pay close attention to the fire safety responsibility system and implement it at all levels. Schools should conscientiously implement the "Regulations on Fire Safety Management of Organs, Organizations, Enterprises and Institutions", further implement the main responsibility of fire safety, clarify the person responsible for fire safety work, formulate a clear fire safety inspection, incorporate fire safety work into the annual work plan and target management, formulate fire safety management measures, organize teaching staff to form various voluntary fire brigades, and establish a patrol system that does not affect teaching. Regularly check the school's fire prevention distance, fire safety passage, exit, evacuation signs, fire-fighting equipment and facilities, water sources, electrical lines, electricity consumption, etc., focusing on the relatively concentrated parts such as staff dormitory, student dormitory, teaching complex, library, laboratory, auditorium and kitchen. , so as to regulate the unsafe behavior of teachers and students.
Carry out fire quality education for college students. The characteristics of college students' strong ability to accept new things, active thinking, advanced consciousness and strong sense of innovation have laid a good foundation for improving college students' fire fighting quality. Bring fire quality education into the school education system. Give full play to the mobility of college students, organize fire prevention publicity and education in colleges and universities, which has the advantage of a large number of educational objects and has achieved good social effects. Self-education through the network of college education system enables college students to master the necessary fire-fighting knowledge and skills, improve their self-defense and self-rescue ability, enable them to prepare for danger in times of peace, save themselves and escape, effectively improve their fire-fighting quality, and make them develop in an all-round and balanced way.
Create a strong campus fire safety atmosphere and spread fire knowledge. Make full use of advanced educational conditions in colleges and universities, such as school newspaper, campus broadcast, closed-circuit television, campus network and other media and means of communication, set up relatively fixed fire publicity columns, organize and publicize fire accident lessons, expose fire hazards, improve fire safety awareness, keep everyone alert at all times and in everything, and tighten the string of fire safety ideologically to prevent fire tragedies from happening in schools. Fire supervision institutions should identify all kinds of schools at all levels as key units of fire safety, formulate fire fighting and emergency evacuation plans suitable for all key parts of schools according to the characteristics of schools, regularly carry out fire fighting and emergency evacuation drills, provide enthusiastic service, and make suggestions and find ways for school safety. Focus on supervision, inspection, guidance, formulation of fire fighting plans, and conduct drills.