Because of the characteristics of the higher education self-study exam, the self-study students have not gone through the rigorous and systematic professional theory study like the full-time students in ordinary colleges and universities. Therefore, it is particularly important to write a high-quality graduation thesis, how to write it and how to decide it. Writing a graduation thesis, although there is a special teacher's guidance, the teacher usually only helps from the perspective of professional content. It is difficult to take into account the specific problems in writing, such as research methods, writing skills, and paper specifications. Therefore, in order to make up for the above, the author talks about the writing steps, methods, requirements and matters needing attention of the graduation thesis for self-taught undergraduate students, which is for reference only.
First, how to choose a topic
Defining the topic of the thesis is to determine the research goal and the main direction of the research. Candidates should pay attention to the following three points when choosing topics:
1, the topic size should be moderate. Don't be too big, try to make a mountain out of a molehill.
2. Pay attention to innovation in research angle. Scientific research is to find problems. If there is no problem, there will be no research, let alone innovation, and the paper has no writing value. Therefore, to determine the research direction, only by studying from a new angle, studying the problems that no one has studied before, or analyzing and demonstrating the problems that have been discussed but have different opinions, can we draw distinctive conclusions and see new ideas.
3. Know yourself and yourself. On the topic selection, we should understand the existing scientific research achievements in this field, understand what problems others have solved and what problems still exist; Whether there is an argument, and what is the focus of the argument; The research in those fields is relatively weak, and the research in those fields needs to be developed. Only by knowing ourselves and ourselves can we avoid repetition and similarity.
Second, according to the topic, draw up the outline of the paper.
According to the topic of the paper, collect and find a lot of information comprehensively. You can get paper materials by searching all kinds of books in the library and computer files of intelligence agencies, and logging in, querying, browsing or reading a large number of files on the Internet. You can also conduct on-the-spot investigation through meetings, interviews, observation, statistics, demonstrations, experimental research and other methods to obtain information.
There are three main types of data collection: 1, the original data directly related to the topic; 2, others about the subject or related research materials; 3. Social, cultural, linguistic and historical background materials related to the theme.
To collect information, it is necessary to have both historical materials and realistic materials; There must be both positive and negative materials; There must be both flour and flour; Only by mastering the materials in an all-round way can we produce correct and original views and have a profound and thorough discussion.
With sufficient materials, it is necessary to sort out, analyze and compare. "Get rid of the rough and get the essence, get rid of the false and keep the true" to sift through the materials, leaving the most convincing materials that can reflect the essence, and refining them to form their own views, that is, arguments, and clearly drafting the outline of the paper.
When forming an argument, we should pay attention to: 1, the argument should be clear and not vague, and the argument should be dialectical and not extreme; 2, the argument should be scientific and correct, and do not deviate from common sense and facts; 3, the argument should be accurate, not exaggerated, to prevent bias.
The outline of a paper can be a simple outline or a detailed outline. A simple outline is only a summary of the main points of the paper; A detailed outline is a detailed list of the main arguments and expanding parts of the paper, so as to complete the writing more smoothly.
Outline can be divided into three types: title type, abstract type and chart type. Common heading types are more commonly used. The main points of each part of the paper are summarized in the form of concise titles, which can be directly used as subheadings of each part of the paper.
Third, write the text
The text is the core part of the paper, occupying the main length of the paper, and is the process of raising and solving problems. It is the concentrated expression of the author's theoretical level and creative ability, which determines the level and quality of the paper.
The text of the paper generally includes three parts: introduction, theory and conclusion.
Introduction is the beginning of the paper. Mainly explain the motivation of research, the reason, purpose and significance of writing, ask questions, outline the content, and clarify the central argument. Generally, the language is required to be concise, straightforward and eye-catching. You can also briefly explain the process of topic selection and related background materials, so that readers can better understand the main idea of the full text.
This theory is the main body of the paper, which requires sufficient and powerful materials, clear viewpoints, strict logic and solid and rich content.
This paper is mainly to expand the topic, analyze and demonstrate the arguments, which is the central part of expressing the author's views and research results. In this part, candidates must make a positive argument according to the nature of the topic, or refute different views negatively, or solve unsolved problems of others, or discuss new ideas and discoveries. Argumentation is extremely important in this part, which determines the success or failure of the paper.
To write this part well, we should pay attention to the following points: 1, and the argument is clear. Novel, profound and serious. Whether argument is needed or not, the argument must be arguable. 2, the argument must be supported by materials, and there must be materials that can be used to prove its establishment. 3. Argumentative papers must choose different forms of argument structure according to the needs of the topic, and different forms of argument structure determine the structure of this part. 4. The logic of argument should be strict. A logical argument cannot be refuted by others.
The conclusion is a summary of the whole paper, and the overall conclusion is a comprehensive summary of the problems analyzed and demonstrated in the whole paper, which is the essence of the paper. The content mainly talks about what problems the research results have explained, what laws have been drawn, what innovations have been made, what theoretical and practical problems have been solved, and what shortcomings and doubts still exist. You can also look forward to your own and others' research in this area, and thank the relevant people. The conclusion should be complete and clear, not vague or ambiguous; This theory cannot be refuted, but should echo the introduction; The evaluation of achievements should be appropriate, and complacency or belittling others should not be used as an excuse; Language should be concise and neat.
Fourth, revise and finalize the document.
After the first draft of the text is written, candidates should revise it several times, scrutinize the whole paper line by line, sentence by sentence and paragraph by paragraph, and check whether every specific argument, argument and argument are appropriate and powerful and whether the expression is logical, so as to leave no doubt until it is truly convincing.
When checking and revising the first draft, we should pay attention to the following points: 1, consistency of arguments and topics; 2. Unity of ideas and materials; 3. The closeness of the paper's structural level and logical thinking; 4. Accuracy of language expression; 5. The correctness of punctuation marks in the article; 6, data, age, name and place name is accurate; Whether the cited notes and references are true and appropriate; Cover signature, whether the binding is neat and so on.
After repeated revisions, the paper will be sent to the tutor for review and approval again, and the paper will be completed only after the tutor signs and agrees to finalize it.