Under the premise of not violating the reality of life, lighting can typically create an environment, make it conform to the requirements of shooting and the shaping of the environment, and create a sense of environmental atmosphere, which is expressed on the screen through the camera lens. At the same time, we can also use well-founded multi-directional light sources to perfectly shape the characters and portray their personality characteristics. 1. Difficult-to-capture lighting is a fleeting art of deception. We should correctly estimate the difference between the scene in front of the camera and the image displayed on the screen. This intentional change requires imaginative foresight and rich experience to achieve. Lighting designers need to patiently use one lamp after another to create the lighting scene effect, and show an atmosphere composed of light and shadow on the screen, so as to control our attention and stimulate our emotions. But this kind of atmosphere is invisible in the scene, and there is a great disparity between the infectious screen image and the lighting equipment on the scene. Looking around the lighting scene, we can't see any attractive places, mysterious shadows and the interaction between modeling and color. When we put a person in the right position, we can see how the lighting processing captures the personality characteristics and ideology of this person's face from the perspective of the camera. But in the empty scenery, what we see is only the strong light caused by many lighting lamps. Lighting is also a form of artistic creation. Lights are like brushes in the hands of painters and knives in the hands of sculptors. According to the needs of the plot, lighting engineers can create various lights by using the lamps in their hands, and express the director's understanding of the plot and feelings about the theme through different lights. Second, lighting methods In lighting design, there are many ways to deal with pictures. Lighting engineers want to express the three-dimensional world in graphic painting, mainly in the following ways: plane lighting method: this method attracts people's attention to the outline of light that illuminates the entity, showing colors and details, but not highlighting the three-dimensional shape of the subject, thus creating a dull two-dimensional effect, which can be achieved by plane lighting with relatively weak contrast between light and shade and a small amount of backlight. Silhouette method: The purpose of this method is to show the outline of the object. Before the subject is placed in the background, it is basically unlit. The color, tone, surface structure and surface modeling of the subject are completely hidden from human vision. Contrast method: control the level of light tone and the brightness of each plane, show a certain shadow, highlight the sense of subject and depth, and cause a certain contrast between light and shade. This method is the most common picture style, which is attractive and infectious. Third, the effect of picture processing In order to make the effect of the picture dynamic, according to the needs of different plots, there are different requirements for the prominent parts of the scene. Associating with the night, sinister pictures are often set off by very low-key lighting layout, with a small area of light tone changes, with black tone areas as the main advantage. If white and light gray are the main advantages, it will remind people of the festive effect. One of the ways to deal with the lighting of the picture is to adopt the comprehensive lighting method: this lighting method makes the whole performance area under floodlight, and the focus is on the visibility of things. This kind of lighting is the same as plain lighting, regardless of light and shade. As a result, the subject may be separated from other environments, or all planes may be mixed into one. It relies on the change of color and tone, as well as surface details to express the content of the picture. Second, adopt the whole lighting method: this method should pay attention to the front light, and at the same time, in order to achieve a more complete and clear purpose, increase the level of the whole scene, carefully arrange the lighting of the backlight and side light, and pay attention to the balance with the front light, which is unrealistic. In real life, people see things through their eyes and constantly explain to themselves what they see through their brains, so it is not surprising. Can "see through" the shadow of any object and "idealize" But when we shoot people in the natural environment, we will realize some factors that our eyes will not notice. Sunlight itself is a very uncertain luminous body, and its intensity and properties change rapidly with the change of weather and place. People are used to the change of natural light and color, and a series of concrete concepts have been formed in people's minds. Every natural meteorological expression is regarded as a specific lighting phenomenon on the earth by people's laws, and these lighting phenomena are combined by imaginative people with the feelings of life. Lighting designers can express the plot by simulating natural lighting phenomena and meteorological lighting effects according to the development of emotions and events in the play. The simulation of light needs natural lighting in indoor scenes or places where real ambient light does not work. It is necessary to add some artificial "natural" light, so that the scene characters can be displayed in people's field of vision through the screen. However, in lighting, there are many controversies about "natural" lighting technology, and many people are tired of the unity of lighting technology, the prevalence of backlight and the perfection of portraits. What they pursue is "nature", so they should have greater authenticity in lighting, and think that invariability and affectation are detrimental to reality. Where natural lighting needs to be simulated, natural lighting can be realized by placing appropriate proportion of lamps in places where natural light sources may exist. The result of this direct simulation is sometimes very satisfactory. But for other plot requirements or scenes, some places of the characters in the venue will be too bright and some places will be unclear. There are bright spots on the head, dark eyes and a half-bright, half-dark face, which looks very strange. Therefore, this lighting method seems to be a new vision and a rebellion against the old method. However, in the face of the fact that people sometimes suffer, it sometimes seems to be just a stupid thing done by traditional methods for curiosity. Illuminators deliberately simulate and reproduce the effect of natural lighting, and often use a row of soft lights to shoot at the window as the only indoor light source. This kind of natural or realistic lighting works very well. This method is often used in individual interviews of TV stations. But this only applies to fixed cameras and limited performance for light direction. For many scenes and using multiple cameras or other viewpoints, you will find that some angles will produce some ugly shots. However, if additional lighting is added to enhance the effect of this natural light at the angle where the subject or scene is not so clear, it will make people feel false or unconvincing. In this case, even if there is a real scene, it will look fake. In addition, lighting simulation can artificially simulate some special lighting, such as non-existent flame lighting, window shadow caused by invisible windows, and non-existent imaginary windows projecting sunlight patterns on walls. The rendering of the four atmospheres brings us into contact with a very subtle picture processing method. Ambient atmosphere can be decorative, natural or abstract. In order to make people associate with or hint at a specific environment, decorative lighting is used to highlight the reproduction of light and shadow, but excessive rendering lighting technology may form rigid pictorialism, thus distracting the audience. The image we display on the screen can illuminate a piece of furniture or a statue with local light, fully showing its external form and surface structure. Maybe in real life, this furniture or statue may be in a dim shadow, and no one pays attention. However, it seems natural to deal with the atmosphere of light in this way in order to create the artistic appeal of the picture, or to form an atmosphere. Careful analysis of the picture can show that the specific light and shadow are different from those in real life. In addition, sometimes in order to meet the requirements of the picture, it produces an abstract effect, expresses fantasy or wonderful scenes, and directly simulates association with light and shadow patterns, resulting in exciting, interesting, touching and sometimes frightening effects. The expression of this environmental atmosphere is mainly based on the long-term keen observation and accumulation of life by lighting designers and the simulation of real life by lighting. The richer your life experience, the more you accumulate at ordinary times, so the more realistic and ingenious the lighting will be in describing and reproducing the surrounding atmosphere, and the less artificial traces will be. Time atmosphere mainly forms a time effect through reasonable lighting of light, which makes this light accessible and makes the audience feel that they are in various time atmospheres. The change of night atmosphere is unique, which can remind us of all kinds of influences brought by darkness. Its main feature is that dark tone is its main advantage. The overall lighting effect gives people a solemn and mysterious feeling. Grasping the night light is mainly based on the theme content and creative ideas and ideas. It uses light in a variety of flexible ways, has a lot of creative space, and has a deep simplicity in expressing the time and atmosphere at night. The night scene is dark because of the low illumination in general, especially the psychological function of people. Because people feel dark about the night scene in real life, the night scene reflected by the screen should be dark. But space is hierarchical, and there must be a certain sense of space distance. The light source in the night scene is a variety of artificial light sources with different color temperatures and great contrast. Night: the surrounding environment is vaguely discernible, and the details are unclear. Darkness basically hides the scene in the picture. Charming night: In a completely dark environment, we can simply see some recognizable objects and be limited by the lighting effect, thus arousing the audience's curiosity. Mysterious night: through the flickering hidden light source and the reflection of the surrounding environment, natural things have changed strangely and have incredible properties. Lyric night: through the arrangement of light, create a clear and beautiful night with moonlight all over the ground. Don't feel aggressive, cover everything with half-bright and half-dark shadows and describe a beautiful night. Generally speaking, complete darkness is worthless, and it only reflects an unconvincing feeling to the audience through the screen. Therefore, we need to skillfully use some skills, add some light, try to increase the scope of the main scene scheduling, from time to time from bright areas to dark areas or from dark areas to bright areas to arouse the audience's visual interest, and increase the rich atmosphere and effect at night. There is a certain difference in the light of sunrise and sunset in the morning and evening. The light in the morning is fresh and there are few impurities. At night, the light is influenced by twilight and dust in the atmosphere, and the light is scattered by the medium to a certain extent, which is turbid. The sun has just set, the sky has a strong afterglow, and the scenery has enough light. Although the details in the sun are lost, the level is still rich, and all the scenery is beginning to blur. During this period, existing lighting can be used for shooting, and artificial light can be used for decoration if necessary. At sunset and dusk, rosy clouds often appear in the western sky, with rich colors. Dealing with the sky is an important means to obtain the atmosphere. From sunset to nightfall, the light changes quickly from bright to dark, which will form the dusk effect of various atmospheres. In the hazy dusk, the sun has set and night falls. The skylight is weak, the details and levels are lost, and everything is in a hazy state. Usually used to create a dark and gloomy atmosphere. In this kind of night scene shooting, exposure is used to control the tone atmosphere of the picture. At sunrise and sunset, the bright direct sunlight loses its dazzling light, which not only reduces the brightness, but also reduces the color temperature, and the blue sky scatters more light. The light-receiving side of the scene shows a golden warm tone, and the backlight side shows a blue tone. The picture has a good contrast between cold and warm and rich colors. During this period, the light is short, the light effect is complex and changeable, and it is fleeting. Sunset and dusk are the "prime time" for shooting night scenes in TV program production, which can best render the atmosphere. The simulated sunrise scene can be seen as a dark cloud above the picture, and a pale yellow light is reflected on the horizon. Sunset should be treated like this, the horizon is hidden and the light is tilted to one side. Let the audience see the sky getting darker and darker, which will make the audience feel the atmosphere of sunset getting stronger and stronger. Sunrise and sunset lighting design is full of warm colors, bright and soft light, filled with positive, energetic, lively, interesting, calm, comfortable, harmonious and complete atmosphere. Five, the lighting people's response to the surrounding lighting has a deep-rooted guiding role in real life. The shining sunshine on the water, the quiet twilight in the evening and the darkness in the forest at night are all the results of the close relationship between atmosphere and lighting. Sunlight is hot and can transmit everything. Darkness can be mysterious and illusory. The reason why lighting can lead people to associate is to create such conditions and form such an atmosphere of association. Lighting also has the flexibility to change the tone, appearance, development speed and meaning direction of attention events. In any environment, any object needs light to enter people's field of vision, and the medium between them is light. The situation of people's environment, the image of objects and even the size of space should be illuminated by light. In the shooting of any venue, the scene space of the performance is organized by light. The larger the space of light irradiation, the larger the spatial range of human visual perception. Even if the space is large, if the light only shines on a certain area, then the space that is not within the irradiation range is meaningless in human vision. Therefore, light has the function of guiding and indicating human vision. Where light shines, people's vision follows, and where light moves, vision moves. In large-scale performance occasions, lighting engineers divide the performance space into several small performance areas through lighting, so people feel irrelevant small performance areas in vision, and some are only related to the performance plot, but not to the environment. Therefore, lighting helps us to guide the audience's line of sight, so that the audience's line of sight is attracted to a certain direction and focused on a certain detail through isolated tones, high contrast between adjacent tones, saturated and shallow color configuration, and vague and clear virtual and real collocation. Using these conditions, people's attention is focused on the foreground, middle scene or background in different scenes. In order to reveal or hide the facts, selective lighting enables us to reveal the facts we want to reveal and guide the audience to guess the untrue or incomplete facts. To do this, we only need to exaggerate the surface structure or external form, or create a false or vague hue relationship. Conversely, we can also make the audience unable to obtain the picture information of a subject or scene through lighting. After arranging enough clues to guide the audience's thinking, when the audience's eyes can only see the looming things, the imagination will be greatly hurt. The handling of shadows is the most infectious aspect. Darkness is the appearance of all shadows, which means nothing. All the half shadows are gray and hazy, which makes the audience look hard and can't satisfy their curiosity. It is necessary to arrange infectious local shadows to attract the audience. The sharp contrast between light and shade makes the appearance of the subject look rough and angular, giving people a strong, solid, energetic and dynamic feeling. If the tone is bright and dark, and the subject is surrounded by soft shadows, it will produce a plump and delicate effect, giving people a soft, peaceful and lifeless feeling. The existence of shadows generally includes structural shadows, exposed contours, surface structures and shapes. Environmental shadow reveals the concepts of time, climate and environment. Ambient shadow can be grotesque to enhance drama, and can also show plots or upcoming plots. Increase the tension of the plot. 6. Lighting changes In order to be effective, lighting changes must be obvious. Through lighting, you can rearrange the focus of the picture and the configuration of light and shade, thus changing the overall composition balance of the picture. We can create a subtle three-dimensional effect by gradually changing the tone effect of the light, which can make people change the direction of attention, change the tone balance and tone, or change the expressive force, static state and focus of attention of the picture. At the same time, we can also change the spatial relationship, perspective, three-dimensional sense, modeling and texture by changing the relatively prominent focus. This change of lighting is an infectious function of lighting art. The shaping of an object by light is realized by illuminating the object with several kinds of light with various shades, and the audience sees an image of the object illuminated from multiple angles. If you change the position and lighting angle of the lamp, the audience will get a different image from the previous one. If only the illumination is changed, the image of the object will also change. If the illumination remains unchanged, the angular position remains unchanged, but if the light color is changed, the image of the object will still change. If you change the illumination range of the light, the image of the object will change more. Lighting is an important part of various performances in movies, television and stage. As a lighting designer, we must put ourselves in the audience, examine our creation from the audience's point of view, and consider whether our work can be accepted by the audience. Can every shape, rendering and change in lighting design be understood by the audience? The beauty and ugliness of light and color pictures, whether there is artistic conception or not, should be measured from the standpoint of the audience in order to fully show the artistic appeal of lighting.