The writing of the abstract of a paper usually begins when the whole paper is nearing completion, so as to include all the contents. However, you can also write it down in advance and make appropriate changes according to the progress of the research. It is a brief statement of the content of the paper, without comments, and requires a brief description of the purpose, research methods and final conclusion of the research work, with the focus on the conclusion. It is an independent and complete essay, which can be quoted and popularized.
Matters needing attention in the abstract of the paper:
1) What has become common sense in this field should be excluded from the abstract; Never write what appears in the introduction into the abstract; Generally don't interpret and comment on the content of the paper (especially self-evaluation).
2) Don't simply repeat the existing information in the topic. For example, if the title of an article is "Study on Rhizome Formation in Vitro Culture of Several Orchids from China", then don't write at the beginning of the abstract: "For.
3) Rigorous structure, concise expression and exact semantics. What to write first, then what to write, should be arranged in logical order. Sentences should be coherent and echo each other. Use long sentences with caution and keep them as simple as possible. Every sentence should be clear, and there should be no vague, general or vague words, but the abstract is a complete essay after all, and telegraph writing is not enough. The abstract is not segmented.
4) Use the third person. It is suggested that the description methods such as "research …", "report …" and "investigation …" should be used to indicate the nature and theme of the literature at one time, instead of "this article" and "author" as subjects.
5) Standardized terms should be used instead of symbols and terms that are not well known and commonly used. If there are new terms or no suitable Chinese terms, you can indicate the original text in brackets or after translation.