Qin Guan (1049- 1 100) was born in Gaoyou, Jiangsu. Another name is Hangou Jushi, and scholars call him Huaihai Jushi. Writers and poets in the Northern Song Dynasty were regarded as synonymous with graceful and restrained school. Song Shenzong Yuanfeng was a scholar for eight years (1085). Representative works: Queqiao Fairy, Huaihai Collection, Huaihai Jushi Long and Short Sentences.
He used to be Dr. imperial academy (lecturer of national university), secretary of provincial orthography and editor of National History Institute. Politically inclined to the old party, when the "new party" was in power, it demoted the state wine tax, moved to Chenzhou, edited Hengzhou, moved to Leizhou and died in Tengzhou. He, together with Huang Tingjian and Chao, is also known as the "Four Bachelor of Su Men", which is quite appreciated by Su Shi. Qin Guan is generous, free and easy, beyond words. He lost his father at the age of fifteen and studied classics, history and art books since childhood.
Zongshen Yuanfeng was a scholar in the eighth year (1085), and he became the chief bookkeeper of Dinghai for the first time, and was Professor Cai Zhou. At the beginning of Yuan Youchu (1086), Su Shi recommended him as the secretary of Zheng Sheng and concurrently served as the editor of the National History Museum, previewing Zongshen Record.
Shao Shengchu (1094), a member of Yuan You Party, was once a general in Hangzhou and was demoted to Chuzhou, Chenzhou, Hengzhou and Leizhou. After Hui Zong acceded to the throne, Qin Guan was appointed as Fu Xuandelang, and died in Tengzhou on his way back to the North.
In the 11th year of Xining (1078), he wrote Ode to Fu Huang, and Su Shi praised him as "a flexible and talented talent in the Song Dynasty".
In the seventh year of Yuanfeng (1084), after Qin Guan compiled ten volumes of Poems and Fu, Su Shi recommended it to Wang Anshi, who called it "the achievement of Bao Xie Qing Xin". Qin Guan's literary achievements are remarkable because he has been repeatedly taught by famous teachers and often learned from fellow travelers. He is gifted and brilliant. At the age of 20, I wrote Fu on Fushan Weir. At the age of 24, he wrote "Riding alone to see Ruff", which was highly respected by the world.
The life of the character
Qin Guan (1049- 1 100) is a native of Gaoyou City, Jiangsu Province, and later changed his word to travel less. When he was young, he was smart, well-read and ambitious, and he traveled all over Huzhou, Hangzhou and Runzhou (now Zhenjiang).
Qin Guan's life was bumpy, and his poems were lofty and heavy, which entrusted his life experience and touched people deeply. Su Shi personally went to Yangzhou to visit Qin Guan. It happened that Sun Jue and Wang Gong were also in Gaoyou, so they made an appointment to visit Dongyue Temple and recite poems with wine paper, which became a much-told story for a while.
Personal work
Qin Guan is an important writer in the literary history of the Northern Song Dynasty. However, in all the existing works of Qin Guan, there are only three volumes of 100 words, while there are 430 poems in 14 volumes and more than 250 articles in 30 volumes, which are several times longer than words.
Words: Wang, Qin, Shui, Zi, Romantic, Dream Flower, Flower in Rain, Bunch of Flowers, Slow Drum Flute, Promoting Flower-full Beating, Sauvignon Blanc, Fang, Jiang and He. River Biography, Huanxisha, Dream, Ruan Langgui, Man Fang Ting, Nostalgia in Taoyuan, Ci Xiaoling, Yu Meiren, Dianjiang Lip, Pinling, Nan Gezi, Linjiang Fairy and Good Things Nearby. Nian Nujiao, Fang, Jieyuhua, Yuzhuxin, Shui, Man, Romantic, Qinyuan, Chuyu and Warrior Lan Ling [1].
Poems: Giving a crown to a female teacher, enjoying the cool in autumn, enjoying the cool in spring, the second rhyme of the two poems, looking at the Denggong Building, looking at the Dongcheng of Sizhou and looking at the Jinshan Night.
Text: Tao Yuanming's Return to Poetry, Longjing Inscription, Youlong Well and Jingqi Collection (preface).
Collection: Chen Lu's Huai Hai Ji (40 volumes), Postscript (6 volumes) and Long and Short Sentences (3 volumes 17 volumes). Volume 21 records Huaihai Ci 1. Huai Hai Ji has four series of printed editions and four reserve editions. Huaihai Ci is a copy of Hundred Ci inscribed in Changsha during the Southern Song Dynasty, which is no longer visible. Today, Huaihai Ci has a volume of 1, which is included in Sixty Nouns in Song Dynasty. In addition, there are three volumes of "Huaihai Jushi's Long and Short Sentences", including four volumes of Yingming Edition, Zhu Zumou's Jiangcun Edition, Beiping Library's photocopy of Song Edition, Ye Gongchuo Yingsong School-based, and Long Yusheng Sumen Four Bachelor's Poems.
Literary features
curie
Qin Guan shows a unique aesthetic realm in the artistic expression of graceful words.
First of all, in the creation of artistic conception, Qin Guan's ci works are good at describing the quiet and cold natural scenery, expressing the resentment and helplessness of the emigrant poets, and creating a bleak and sad "realm with me".
His masterpiece is Walking on the Sand, which he wrote during his relegation to Chenzhou.
The fog is gone, the moon is gone, and Taoyuan is nowhere to be found.
The lonely pavilion closes the moon in Joan Hinton, and the cuckoo sounds in the setting sun.
Plum blossoms are mailed. This hatred has no weight.
Fortunately, Chen Qiang bypassed Chen Shan. Who did he go to Xiaoxiang for?
This poem deeply expresses the poet's exile, bleak future, loneliness and homesickness. Especially the last two sentences, because of the scenery, deeply expressed their helplessness and indignation of staying away from the court and letting go of the secular. After Qin Guan died of illness, Su Shi specially wrote these two poems on a fan and wrote an inscription: "It is enough to swim less, although ten thousand people can't redeem them!"
Secondly, in terms of grammatical structure, Qin Guan was influenced by Liu Yong and created a large number of slow words. However, he can bring the subtle charm in the lyrics into the long tune of slow words, thus making up for the shortcomings of Liu Yong's simple and monotonous lyric and ups and downs.
For example, Looking at the Tide:
Plum shadows are sparse, ice melts, and the east wind is dark for years.
Jingu Junyou, Bronze Camel Lane, Sunny and Fine Stepping Sand.
Remember to follow the wrong car. I am a butterfly dance, and I have a lot of thoughts.
Liu Xia peach, spring scenery gives people.
Drinking at night in the West Garden makes people sing. Lanterns hinder the moon, and flying covers hinder the flowers.
Lanyuan is not empty, pedestrians are getting old, so it's a pity to start again.
The flag of alcohol and tobacco is tilted. But when you lean on your eyes, you will see a crow.
Helpless return to the heart, dark with the water to the end of the world.
Thirdly, Qin Guan's ci poetry has the characteristics of implicit beauty, taking images and setting up ci poetry to pursue the exquisite beauty of images, depicting natural scenery, mostly flying swallows, western Western jackdaw, weeping willows, fragrant grass, sunset, waning moon, distant villages, Yanzhu and so on; Imitation building objects are back room, solitary pavilion, painted screen, silver candle and so on. With gentle brushstrokes, he scrutinized and modified the words in his poems, and conveyed the hazy artistic conception with delicate and concise rhetoric.
As Zhao Zunyue said when evaluating the beauty of Qin Guan's Ci in Ci Juan, "Huaihai is dazzling in beauty, such as' in the east wind, the bamboo door reflects the willow, and the little Qin Zheng depresses it',' reflecting',' depressing' and' small', which drives the quality to be sparse and beautiful, and people see its demeanor."
poetry
Qin Guan's poems are also a great master in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, Hu Yinglin wrote five words in his Miscellaneous Poems: "At that time, Qin Guan valued poetry, but now he is promoted to a handsome poet by the Yuefu family, which is unknown to the world." From the original edition of the Song Dynasty, Hai Huai Ji has a total of 49 volumes * * *, of which only three volumes are ci, the rest are assigned to one volume, fourteen volumes are poems, one volume is "rhyme above", and the most is literature, and thirty volumes are * * *.
Qin Guan's poems have deep feelings, distant artistic conception and unique style, which are unique in the two Song poetry circles. Political papers, philosophical papers, travel notes and essays are the best. His strategic document is sharp, thorough, convincing and attractive.
Under certain circumstances, that is, "Huaihai Qin Lang was a scholar and worried all his life", such as recalling the past and moving away, this third kind of poetry makes the original drinking and entertainment, and the traditional singing value retreat to the second place, even unrelated to the background.
On the other hand, the classical poetry teaching theory requires him to undertake the emotional function of poetry and become a concrete materialized form of self-subjectivity, so as to meet his realistic spiritual needs of lamenting the tragedy of fate and venting his worries about life.
Yuan Haowen rated Qin Guan's poems as "girls' poems", which was misunderstood by later generations. However, there are more than 400 Qin Guan poems, of which only a quarter are really "girls' poems".
A paper on current political issues submitted to the emperor or court.
Qin Shaoyou is an important writer in the literary history of the Northern Song Dynasty. However, for a long time, when people talk about Qin Shaoyou, they always associate him with beautiful words, and seldom mention his poems, let alone his prose. In fact, among all the existing works in Qin Shaoyou, there are more than 65,438+000 poems in three volumes, more than 430 poems in fourteen volumes and more than 250 poems in thirty volumes. Together, poems are far longer than words. Of course, judging a writer's artistic achievements, we can't just look at the quantity of works without looking at the quality. Although some writers have only one (one) work, they have great influence and unshakable position in the history of literature. However, if we want to evaluate Qin Shaoyou's contribution and position in the history of literature historically and objectively, if we only talk about his words, but not his poems, especially his strategies, it is not only biased, but also unable to evaluate a complete Qin Shaoyou. Qin Shaoyou's strategic theory is lofty, thorough in reasoning, rigorous in composition and sharp in writing, which has a unique artistic tension, that is, "saying goodbye to the past and preparing for the future"
Close to reality, not empty talk.
Qin Shaoyou has 50 strategies, including 30 strategies and 20 theories. A careful analysis of the contents of these strategies shows that most of these articles are closely related to the social reality at that time, without the empty talk of scholars. On the one hand, this is related to the requirements of the department at that time, on the other hand, it is also related to the encouragement and teaching of his teacher Su Dongpo. Su Dongpo is one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and his prose creation achievements are quite high. His encouragement and inspiration certainly came from experience.
A lesson from the past, a lesson from the past, and thorough reasoning.
Strategy theory is a unique style in ancient times, which is equivalent to a modern political theory. It is the minister's opinions and suggestions on state affairs and state affairs. Its reading target is mainly emperors, so the writing style should not be long and general, the length should be short, the arguments should be clear, the arguments should be sufficient and the reasoning should be thorough. We should not only pay attention to one thing, one discussion and a simple explanation, but also pay attention to being well-founded and orderly. Looking at the strategies written by Qin Shaoyou, we can basically meet the above requirements, especially in drawing inferences from others and reasoning thoroughly.
Good structure and organization
In the fourth year of Xining, Song Shenzong adopted Wang Anshi's suggestion and reformed the imperial examination law, saying that he would "give up the Ming Classics subjects such as poetry and prose, and examine scholars with righteousness." . In order to cope, Qin Shaoyou made great efforts in the writing of strategy theory, and he paid more attention to the writing of strategy theory than poetry. He once said, "What's the use of writing a good article? You just think of cleverness and cleverness as a couple. If it is a text, it must be the same as Japanese. " Because of this, Qin Shaoyou paid great attention to the changes in the layout, structure and composition of his strategy, regardless of their length.
Spread the story and compare it, full of energy.
Most of hundred schools of thought's essays in the pre-Qin period and those of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties focus on "whole sentences" to lay out the details, which makes people feel powerful and shocked. In the process of reading a lot of classic prose, Qin Shaoyou learned how to use careful comparison in prose. In addition, when I was a teenager, I also wrote Fu on Fushan Weir, Fu on Huanglou, Fu on Tangquan, Fu on Guo Ziyi Riding Alone and Fu on Yuanming. In particular, the ode to the Yellow House, written to commemorate Su Dongpo's success in fighting floods in Xuzhou, was greatly appreciated by Su Dongpo, who thought this poem was ". He applied the ingenious arrangement in Fu to the strategy theory, which made the article more energetic.
To sum up, Qin Guan's strategic style can be summarized in one sentence: "Learn from the past and prepare for the future."
In fact, Qin Shaoyou's strategy is highly appraised at all times and all over the world. Notes on Being in Zhai written by Wu Zeng in Song Dynasty: ... As for argumentative essays, I don't pay much attention to Chao and Zhang He today. Su Dongpo's "Distinguishing Jia Yi's Miscellaneous Plays to Be Punished": "Since Qin Guan was a teenager, he studied literature under the minister, and his handwriting was brilliant, and his comments have started. I really love him. " Liang's "New Theory of Qin lice" in Qing Dynasty: ... I seldom travel to the Western Han Dynasty, and the strategy is quite bitter and not very subtle. Those who are better than Dongpo look at the ocean and sigh, and become a family of their own. Zhu Dongrun, a famous modern scholar, said, "I especially like reading 30 articles about the strategy of traveling less to see what I have gained, so that I can learn from what I have seen. Those who talk about elections and serving the law are all obtained from further study, not for secular words. "
Anecdotal allusions
Be demoted to Leizhou
Poems in dreams
Qin Guan is at the foot of Haikang Palace in Leizhou. He dreamed that the goddess held a portrait of Vimo and asked him to write a hymn. Qin Guan believed in Buddhism, so he wrote: "Zhu Yi had a dream, but was imprisoned." Although the mouth is silent, it looks like nine. You should laugh and cover thousands of people with a lion's roar. It is better to win the wonderful joy like a Potter's hand. "When you wake up, record this passage. Hui Hong, a monk in the Song Dynasty, said in "Cold Zhai Night Talk" that he had seen this word with his own eyes in Tianning Temple, and it was Qin Guan's handwriting. Pan Yongyin in Qing Dynasty also mentioned that the original work was in Tianning Temple in Leizhou.
The influence of later generations
Qin Guan's sentimental ci works have formed an influential lyric paradigm in the history of ci. Before him, Yan Shu and Ouyang Xiu wrote elegant ci of famous officials, and Yan wrote sentimental ci of declining sons with ethereal pen. Liu's taste is vulgar, and Su Dongpo's ci is not "true color" or "suitable for action", which cannot be understood and accepted by the majority of scholars. The appearance of Qin Guan has become the object of universal imitation. Born in the lower class, he suffered a heavy blow in the officialdom and was exiled repeatedly, which almost epitomized the tragic fate of many lower-class scholars in feudal society. Qin Guan, with his graceful and graceful poems, conveyed the sadness of the broad masses of literati, so he was widely respected and praised.
In the evolution of Ci, Qin Guan made outstanding contributions. Liu Yong, a Qin Guan, filled in slow words and was ridiculed by Teacher Su Shi. On the basis of Liu Yong's fu method, he studied and tempered more, which made the creation of slow words mature. The Summary of the Four Encyclopedias, also known as Qin Ci, is superior to Su and Huang. The composition and syntax of Qin Guan's ci are sparse, and the writing is particularly elegant and exquisite. When this effort developed to Zhou Bangyan, it paid more attention to the carving and sketching of metrical patterns, the dense combination of images and the extensive use of previous poems. The creation system of slow words is more complete, the techniques are more complex, and it is more and more cultural and technical. This also led to the transformation of Song Ci from natural beauty to artificial beauty, and the progress of this technique also dispelled the vitality of Ci. Qin Guan connected the delicate and elegant characters in series with fluent composition, making the characters more elegant than Liu Yong, instead of dense and obscure like Zhou Bangyan. Instead, I incorporated skills and didn't play tricks on them. This is an appropriate situation, which is widely loved by the vast number of appreciators and has achieved a prominent position in the history of ci. Li's Rain Village even praised it as "the first pearl in the world"