Investigation is one of the most commonly used methods in scientific research. It is a purposeful, planned and systematic collection of the actual situation or history of the research object.

Specific methods of situation. Investigation is a basic research method commonly used in scientific research, which comprehensively uses historical methods and observation methods.

Through scientific methods such as writing, questionnaire, case study and test, we can have a planned, detailed and systematic understanding of educational phenomena and collect and investigate them.

A large number of data are analyzed, synthesized, compared and summarized, thus providing people with regular knowledge.

Questionnaire survey is the most commonly used survey method, and it is a research method to collect information through written questions, that is, investigators ask questions about the survey items.

Objective to compile a form, distribute it or mail it to relevant personnel, ask for instructions to fill in that answer, and then collect, sort out, count and study it.

Observation method

Observation refers to the researcher's direct observation of the research pair by using his own senses and auxiliary tools according to a certain research purpose, research outline or observation table.

As a way of obtaining information. Scientific observation is purposeful, planned, systematic and repeatable. In scientific experiments and investigations

In the research, observation has the following functions: ① Expanding people's perceptual knowledge. 2 inspire people's thinking. (3) lead to new discoveries.

experimental method

Experimental method is a scientific research method to discover and confirm the causal relationship between things by changing the main branch and controlling the research object. Its main features are: first,

First, take the initiative to change. Observation and investigation is to understand the research object and find out the problems without disturbing the research object. This experiment is

It is required to actively manipulate the experimental conditions, artificially change the existing mode and changing process of the object, and make it obey the needs of scientific understanding. Second, control

Make love. Scientific experiments require that, according to the needs of research, with the help of various methods and technologies, the interference of various irrelevant factors that may affect science can be reduced or eliminated.

Understand the research object in a simplified and purified state. Third, causality. An effective tool to discover and confirm the causal relationship between things through experiments.

The only way.

Literature research methods

Literature research method is based on a certain research purpose or theme, through the investigation of literature to obtain information, so as to fully and correctly understand and master the research.

Methods of investigating problems. Literature research methods are widely used in various disciplines. Its functions are as follows: ① Understand the history and present situation of related problems.

, to help determine the research topic. ② It can form an overall impression of the research object, which is helpful for observation and visit. (3) Comparative information of real data can be obtained.

Materials. (4) help to understand the whole picture of things.

Empirical research methods

Empirical research method is a special form of scientific practice research. According to the needs of existing scientific theory and practice, the design and use of scientific instruments are put forward.

Under natural conditions, instruments and equipment are operated purposefully and step by step according to observing, recording and measuring the changes of accompanying phenomena.

The activity of determining the causal relationship between conditions and phenomena. The main purpose is to explain the relationship between various independent variables and a dependent variable.

Quantitative analysis method

In scientific research, quantitative analysis can make people understand the research object more accurately, thus revealing the law more scientifically.

Grasp the essence, clarify the relationship and predict the development trend of things.

Qualitative analysis method

Qualitative analysis is the qualitative analysis of the research object. Specifically, it uses induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, abstraction and

By summarizing and other methods, all kinds of materials are processed, so as to get rid of the rough and get the essence, get rid of the false and keep the true, and achieve the cognition from the outside to the inside.

Understand the essence of things and reveal the internal laws.

Interdisciplinary research methods

The method of using multidisciplinary theories, methods and achievements to conduct a comprehensive study of a subject as a whole is also called "cross-study method". Scientific development

The law of motion shows that science is highly integrated in high differentiation and forms a unified whole. According to the statistics of relevant experts, there are now

There are more than 2,000 disciplines, and the trend of discipline differentiation is still intensifying, but at the same time, the links between disciplines are getting closer and closer, whether it is language, methods or some concepts.

On the other hand, there is a trend of more and more unification.

Case study method

Case study method is a research method to identify a specific object among the research objects, investigate and analyze it, and find out its characteristics and formation process.

There are three basic types of case studies: (1) personal investigation, that is, investigation and study of a person in an organization; (2) Group survey, that is, a survey of a certain group.

Organize or group to conduct investigation and study; (3) problem investigation, that is, to investigate and study a phenomenon or problem.

Functional analysis method

Functional analysis is a method used by social science to analyze social phenomena, and it is also one of the commonly used analytical methods in social investigation. It explains social phenomena.

Explain social phenomena such as how to meet the needs of a social system (that is, what functions it has).

Quantitative research methods

Quantitative research methods, also known as "statistical analysis" and "quantitative analysis", refer to the quantitative analysis of the scale, speed, scope and degree of the research object.

Department of analysis and research, to understand and reveal the relationship between things, changing laws and development trends, so as to achieve a correct interpretation and prediction of things.

A research method.

Simulation method (model method)

Simulation method is to create a similar model according to the main characteristics of the prototype, and then indirectly study the description method of the prototype through the model. root

According to the similarity between model and prototype, simulation methods can be divided into physical simulation and mathematical simulation.

Exploratory research method

Exploratory research is a high-level scientific research activity. It uses known information to explore and create new knowledge and produce novel and unique results.

Or products.

Information research methods

Information research method is a scientific research method using the functions of information research system. American mathematics, communication engineer and physiologist Weiner thinks

There is a universal connection in the objective world, that is, information connection. At present, in the new era of "information revolution", there are a lot of information resources, which can

Development and utilization. Information law is based on the principles of information theory, system theory and cybernetics, through the collection, transmission, processing and sorting of information.

Acquire knowledge and apply it to practice to achieve new goals. Information method is a new scientific research method, which uses information to study system functions and reveal.

The deeper laws of things help people to improve and master their ability to use them.

Experience summary method

The method of summing up experience is to make it systematic, theoretical and empirical by summarizing and analyzing the specific situation in practical activities.

Law. Summarizing and popularizing advanced experience is one of the more effective leadership methods used for a long time in human history.

Descriptive research methods

Descriptive research method is a simple research method, which describes and solves the existing phenomena, laws and theories through its own understanding and verification.

Release it. It is a general description of various theories, and more is to explain other people's arguments, but it is essential in scientific research. It can be oriented.

Asking questions carefully, revealing shortcomings, describing phenomena and introducing experiences are conducive to popularizing work. There are many examples and enlightening situations.

Investigation; A description of the actual problem; There are also views on some status quo.

Mathematical method

Mathematical method is to use mathematical tools to deal with a series of quantities of the research object, without abandoning all other characteristics of the research object, so

Make a correct explanation and judgment, and get the result expressed in digital form. The object of scientific research is the unity of quality and quantity. Their quality and quantity

Closely related, qualitative change and quantitative change are mutually restricted. To achieve a real scientific understanding, we should not only study the qualitative provisions, but also pay attention to them.

The quantity of investigation and analysis, in order to more accurately understand the essential characteristics of the research object. Mathematical methods mainly include statistical processing and fuzzy mathematical analysis.

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Thinking method

Thinking method is an important tool for people to think correctly and express their thoughts accurately. The most commonly used scientific thinking methods in scientific research include induction.

Deduction, analogical reasoning, abstract generalization, speculative imagination, analysis and synthesis, etc. It has universal guiding significance for all scientific research.

Systematic scientific method

In the 20th century, the rapid development of horizontal science such as system theory, cybernetics and information theory provided powerful means for developing comprehensive thinking mode, which made science

Research methods are constantly improving. The system science method represented by system theory method, cybernetics method and information theory method is human science.

Cognition provides a powerful subjective means. It not only breaks through the limitations of traditional methods, but also profoundly changes the system of scientific methodology. this

These new methods can be used not only as empirical methods, but also as theoretical methods to analyze sensibility.

The use of materials is reasonable, and the role of the latter is more obvious than that of the former. They are applicable to all stages of scientific understanding.

Therefore, we call it the system science method.