Lu Xun [188 1 September 25th ~19361October 19], China writer, thinker and revolutionary. origin

Zhou Shuren was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Born in a dilapidated feudal family. In his youth, he was influenced by the theory of evolution, Nietzsche

The influence of superman philosophy and Tolstoy's thought of fraternity. 1902 went to Japan to study, originally studying medicine at Sendai Medical College.

Later, he engaged in literary and artistic work in an attempt to change the national spirit. 1905-1907, participated in revolutionary activities,

Published papers such as Moro Poetry Theory and Cultural Deviation Theory. During this period, I was ordered by my mother to return to China to get married, and my wife Zhu.

Ann. 1909 Co-translated the Collection of Foreign Novels with his brother Zhou Zuoren to introduce foreign literature. Returning to China in the same year,

He has taught in Hangzhou and Shaoxing. After the Revolution of 1911, he served as a member of Nanjing Provisional Government and the Ministry of Education of Beijing Government.

She also teaches in Peking University and Women's Normal University. 1965438+In May 2008, Lu Xun was first used.

His pen name published Diary of a Madman, the first vernacular novel in the history of modern literature in China, which laid the foundation of the New Literature Movement.

Cornerstone. He participated in the work of New Youth magazine around the May 4th Movement and became the leader of the May 4th New Culture Movement.

From 19 18 to 1926, novels such as Scream, Wandering, Essay and Grave have been created and published successively.

Prose poetry collection Weeds, Prose Collection Flowers in the Morning, Prose Collection Hot Wind, Gai Hua Collection, Gai Hua.

Sequels and other dramas. Among them, the novella The True Story of Ah Q published in 192 1 12 is the modern literature of China.

An immortal masterpiece in history. 1August, 926, he was wanted by the Beiyang warlord government for supporting the patriotic movement of Beijing students.

Xia Xia Xiamen University served as the head of the Chinese Department. 1927 65438+ 10, went to Guangzhou, the revolutionary center at that time, and worked in Sun Yat-sen University.

Dean of academic affairs. 1927 10 arrived in Shanghai and began to live with his student Xu Guangping. 1929, son Zhou Haiying.

Born. 1930, participated in China Freedom Movement League, China Left-wing Writers League and China Civil Rights Protection successively.

Obstacle alliance, against the dictatorship and political persecution of the Kuomintang government. From 1927 to 1936, it made history.

Most of the works and a large number of essays in the novel collection New Stories are included in Gang Ji, San Xian Ji,

Two hearts, gathering in the south and gathering in the north, pseudo-free books, quasi-romance, lace literature,

Essays on the Pavilion, Essays on the Pavilion, Part II, Essays on the Pavilion, Part III, Outside the Collection and Collection.

In special collections, such as foreign language collections. Lu Xun's life has made great contributions to China's cultural undertakings: he led,

Supported literary groups such as "Unnamed Society" and "Chaohua Society"; Editor-in-chief of the national new newspaper supplement [B],

Literary periodicals such as Mangyuan, Yusi, Run, Germination and Translation; Enthusiastic care and accumulation

Extremely cultivate young authors; Vigorously translate foreign progressive literary works and introduce famous paintings and woodcuts at home and abroad; search

Collect, study and sort out a large number of classical documents, and compile A Brief History of China's Novels and An Outline of China's Literary History.

Keywords discipline management, compilation of old books and miscellaneous notes in Huiji County, ancient novels, legends of Tang and Song Dynasties,

"Old stories and notes" and so on. 19361June19 pulmonary tuberculosis died in Shanghai, and tens of thousands of people in Shanghai spontaneously.

Held a public sacrifice, funeral, buried in Hongqiao International Cemetery. 1956 Lu Xun's body was buried in Hongkou Park, Mao Zedong was in

Rebuilding Lu Xun's epitaph. Complete Works of Lu Xun (20 volumes) 1938 published. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC),

Lu Xun's translated works have been compiled into Complete Works of Lu Xun (ten volumes), Collected Works of Lu Xun (ten volumes) and One Day of Lu Xun.

I remember "[two volumes]," Lu Xun's Letters ",and reprinted various ancient books edited by Lu Xun. 198 1 year, published by Lu.

Complete works of Xun [16]. Luxun Museum has been established in Beijing, Shanghai, Shaoxing, Guangzhou and Xiamen.

Memorial hall, etc. Dozens of novels, essays, poems and essays by Lu Xun were selected into Chinese classes in primary and secondary schools.

Ben. The novels Blessing, The True Story of Ah Q and Medicine were adapted into movies.

Lu Xun's Scream and Wandering not only shocked people with its profound expression, but also attracted readers with its special format. It has long been pointed out that every novel of Lu Xun tries to adopt a new form, with few similarities, which fully shows Lu Xun's creativity and imagination. For example, his Diary of a Madman uses a "diary style" to organize the novel according to the psychological activity flow of a "madman". Kong Yiji cleverly chooses the "little boy" in the hotel to tell the story. As a bystander, it observes and describes the sadness and absurdity of Kong Yiji, the numbness and cruelty of the spectators (drinkers and bosses), and "he" himself gradually participates in the story, first "echoing laughter", then coldly refuses Kong Yiji's kindness to teach himself to read, and finally becomes a spectator. Medicine unexpectedly puts Yu Xia, the hero of the novel, behind the scenes, mainly describing people's reaction to his sacrifice, so that readers can complete his image in their own imagination. Novels with "first-person narration" such as Hometown and Blessing all tell two stories: while telling the story of "others" (the story of Runtu, the story of Yang Er's sister-in-law and the story of Xianglinsao), they also tell the story of "me", so they are full of lyricism, and the two stories permeate and influence each other, forming a complex structure. Lu Xun's conscious formal experiment made him a "pioneer in creating new forms" and deeply influenced later writers.

Famous saying:

1. Time is like water in a sponge. As long as you are willing to squeeze, there is always something.

If you only read books, you will become a bookcase.

I seem to be a cow, eating grass and milking cows.

4. Dissatisfaction is an upward wheel, which can carry people who are not complacent forward.

5, eyebrows cold fingertips, head willing to be a scorpion cow.

6. Send a message to Han Xing, and I recommend Xuanyuan with my blood.

7. May all young people in China get rid of air conditioning and go straight up without listening to the self-destructors.

In fact, there are no roads on the ground. If there are many people walking, it will become a road.

9. Where there is a genius, I spend all my time drinking coffee in other people's works.

10. Only soul of china has value. Only by carrying it forward can China make real progress.

Victor hugo (1February 26th, 802 ~1May 22nd, 885), a French romantic writer, a humanitarian representative, a representative writer of the active romantic literary movement in the early 9th century, and an outstanding bourgeois democratic writer in the history of French literature, was called "Shakespeare of France".

Hugo was born in Besancon, the capital of eastern France near Switzerland. His father was a general under Napoleon. Hugo was stationed in Spain with his father when he was a child. /kloc-went back to Paris to study at the age of 0/0, graduated from high school to study law school, but his interest was writing. At the age of 65,438+05, he won the prize in the Poetry Competition of the French Academy; at the age of 65,438+07, he won the first prize in the "Hundred Flowers Poetry Competition"; at the age of 20, he published a collection of poems "Ode to Poetry", which won the Louis Stanislas Xavier Prize for praising the restoration of Bourbon, and later he wrote a lot of exotic poems. Later, he was disappointed with the Bourbon Dynasty and the July Dynasty and became a pacifist. He also wrote many poetic dramas and plays, as well as several novels with distinctive characteristics, and carried out his thoughts. 184 1 Hugo was elected as an academician of the French Academy, and 1845 became a member of the Senate. 1848 After the February Revolution, he served as the representative of the Republic of * *. 18565438, Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte proclaimed himself, Hugo rose up and was forced into exile. During his exile, he wrote the following. 1870 After the French bloodless revolution overthrew Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte, Hugo returned to Paris. Hugo wrote all his life, involving all fields of literature. Critics believe that his creative thinking is the closest to modern thinking. After his death, France mourned and was buried in the "Pantheon" where French celebrities gathered to commemorate the card. Victor Hugo

Hugo's most legendary romantic story in France is that he met the 26-year-old actress Juliet Derouet at the age of 30 and fell in love with her. Whether together or apart, Juliet Derouet wrote love letters to Hugo almost every day until his death at the age of 75, and wrote nearly 20,000 letters without interruption in the past 50 years. The leading idea that runs through Hugo's life activities and creation is humanitarianism-opposing violence and controlling "evil" with love. Hugo (L802 ~ 1885) was the leader of the active romantic literary movement in the early19th century, an outstanding bourgeois democratic writer in the history of French literature, and experienced almost all the major events in France in the19th century. He wrote many poems, novels, plays, various essays, literary comments and political articles in his life, and was an influential figure in France. Hugo's creative history is more than 60 years, and his works include 26 volumes of poems, 20 volumes of novels, 79 volumes of plays 12 and 2 volumes of philosophical papers1,which adds a brilliant cultural heritage to the treasure house of French literature and human culture. His representative works include: the novel Notre Dame de Paris (that is, the hunchback of Notre Dame de Paris), Les Miserables, Marine Labors, Smiling Man 93, a collection of poems, Light and Shadow and the Letter from the Anglo-French Allied Expedition to Captain Butler in China, and a short story, The Victims of Normandy (now called Captain). Hugo worshipped chateaubriand, an early French romantic writer, since he was a child. 1827 Cromwell and: Preface, a poetic script known as the manifesto of the French romantic drama movement, is an extremely important literary work of Hugo. 1830, he wrote the first romantic drama El Nani according to the theory in the preface, and its performance marked the victory of romanticism over classicism. Notre Dame de Paris (183 1) is Hugo's first large-scale romantic novel. It wrote a story that happened in France in the15th century: Claude, the vice bishop of Notre Dame, was hypocritical and snake-hearted, and loved first and then hated, persecuting the gypsy girl Ais Melar. Quasimodo, the ugly and kind bell ringer, gave his life to save the girl. The novel exposes the hypocrisy of religion, declares the bankruptcy of asceticism, praises the kindness, friendship and self-sacrifice of the lower working people, and embodies Hugo's humanitarian thought. Les Miserables best represents Hugo's thought and artistic style. With his outstanding artistic charm, he showed the cruel reality of enslavement of working people and forced prostitution in capitalist society. However, the author is convinced that only moral influence is the best way to cure social disasters. Although there are many realistic factors in the novel, it is still a romantic masterpiece in terms of characterization, environmental description, symbolism and contrast skills. Notre Dame de Paris and Les Miserables have been made into movies for many times, which have been widely circulated around the world and become classics.

Famous saying:

1. The ocean is the widest in the world, the sky is wider than the ocean, and the human mind is wider than the sky.

The future will belong to two kinds of people: those who think and those who work. In fact, these two kinds of people are the same kind of people, because thinking is also labor.

3. On top of the absolutely correct revolution, there is absolutely correct humanitarianism.

There are three keys to human wisdom, one is to open numbers, the other is to open letters, and the other is to open notes. Knowledge, thoughts and fantasies are all in it.

What the world lacks is perseverance, not strength.

6. Boldness is the price of progress.

7. You should believe that you are a strong person in life.

8. The road to art is full of thorns, which is also a good thing. Ordinary people are timid, except those who are strong-willed

9. People who waste their time, their youth will fade and life will abandon them.

10. Laughter, like sunshine, drives away the winter on people's faces.

Lincoln was born in a humble hut in the silent wilderness in 18 16. At the age of seven, his family was driven out of their place of residence. He had to work to support their 9-year-old mother, who was only 34 years old in 2008. Unfortunately, he died in 1827. I built a ferry boat myself, 183 1 year-old, 22 years old, failed in business, 1832, 23 years old, ran for the state legislature, but failed. I want to study law in law school, but I can't get in, and I'm unemployed. 1833, aged 24, borrowed money from my friends to do business, and went bankrupt at the end of the year ... At the age of 25, I ran for the state legislature again and was elected as 1835. At the age of 26, when he was about to get married after his engagement, his fiancee died of illness and his heart was broken. At the age of 27, he had a complete mental breakdown. Sick in bed for 6 months, 1838, 29 years old. He tried to be the speaker of the state legislature. No. Strive to be a candidate, lost 1843, aged 34, participated in the national assembly election, lost 1846, aged 37, participated in the national assembly election again, and was elected this time! I went to Washington, D.C., and my performance was excellent. At the age of 39, I sought to be re-elected as a member of Congress, but I failed. When I was 40 years old, I wanted to be the land director of my state, but I was rejected. At the age of 45, I ran for the Senate and lost. When I was 47, I was 1856. At * * * and the party's national congress, he won the vice presidential nomination with less than 100. He ran for the Senate again at the age of 49, lost again at the age of 1860, and was elected president of the United States at the age of 1864. At the age of 55, he was re-elected as President of North China.

Famous saying:

1 The best thing in life is his friendship with others.

2. Giving freedom to others and safeguarding one's own freedom are lofty undertakings.

What we care about is not whether you fail, but whether you complain about failure.

4. Diligent people will succeed.

Actually education is an early habit.

6. People who don't give others freedom should not be free themselves. Under the rule of a just God, they can't remain free for long.

If I just try to read-let alone answer all the attacks on me, this store might as well close down and do other business. I try my best to do it in the best way, try my best to do it, and intend to finish it all the time. If it turns out that I am right, it doesn't matter what people say about me; If it turns out that I am wrong, it is useless even if I spend ten times as much effort to say that I am right.

Always remember that your own determination to succeed is more important than anything else.

Bing Xin (1900 ~ 1999 February) is a contemporary female writer and children's literature writer in China. Formerly known as Xie Wanying, her pen names are Ms. Bing Xin and Man.

2. My ancestral home is Changle, Fujian, and I was born in Fuzhou. I was widely exposed to China's classical novels and translations in my childhood.

19 18 entered the preparatory course of Concord Women's University and actively participated in the May 4th Movement. The first novel "Two Houses" was published in 19 19. Since then, there have been "problem novels" that discuss life problems, such as I am lonely and going to the countryside. At the same time, influenced by Tagore's Birds, he wrote untitled free poems. These beautiful and gentle poems were later published as "Spring Water of the Stars", which was called "Spring Water".

2. Join the Literature Research Association in1921year. In the same year, he published a collection of essays, Laughter and Past Events. 1923 graduated from yenching university. I went to Wellesley Women's University to study English literature. During my stay in the United States, I wrote a collection of essays for young readers, which showed the characteristics of elegance, lightness, elegance, conciseness and fluency, and had high artistic expression, and made higher achievements than novels and poems. This unique style was once called "Ice Heart Body" by people at that time, which had a wide influence.

3. 1926, Bing Xin returned to China with a master's degree in literature and taught in yenching university and Tsinghua University successively. Since then, he has written prose "Returning to the South", novel "Pink" and "Dong Er Girl", showing more profound social connotations.

During the Anti-Japanese War, he was engaged in creative and cultural salvation activities in Kunming and Chongqing. 1946 went to Japan and was a professor at Tokyo University.

195 1 returned to China, and served as editor-in-chief of People's Literature, director of Chinese Writers Association and vice chairman of China Federation of Literary and Art Circles.

5. His works include Essays after Return, For Young Readers, We Awaken Spring, etc.

Music, ode to cherry blossoms, notes on gleaning, Yi Xian Ji and three letters to young readers show a colorful life. She still maintains her own unique style in art, and her short story Empty Nest won the excellent short story award of 1980. In the same year, Xiao Ju Deng, a children's literature work, won the honorary prize of the National Children's Literature Creation Award. In addition to the above works, Bing Xin has also published novels such as Superman, Going to the Countryside, Dong Er Girl, and novels and essays such as Past and Southbound Journey, Women's Essays, as well as Complete Works of Bing Xin, Collected Works of Bing Xin and Selected Works of Bing Xin's Translation. Her works have been translated into many foreign languages and published.

Famous saying:

The road of life is less smooth and more rugged. On the flat road, when walking hand in hand, it is surrounded by warm spring breeze, and the moon in clear autumn is on the head. Two hearts fully enjoy the quiet and soft music of "Qin, Se and Ming". On the bumpy road, when walking with help, we should patiently swallow our grievances and pains and comfort and encourage each other on the thorny road.

The universe is a big life, rivers flow into the sea, leaves take root, we are a breath in the universe, we are a part of the big life. Not every river can flow into the sea, and not every seed can mature and germinate. Life is not always happy, nor is it always painful. Happiness and pain always complement each other. In happiness, we should thank life, in pain, we should also thank life, because happiness, excitement and pain are not beautiful.

Read, read, read.

As long as there is spring in people's hearts, autumn wind will not cause people's worries.

True sympathy is when you are sad, not when you are happy.

Friendship is a sedative and stimulant; Friendship is a beacon in the sea and an oasis in the desert.

That's all, nothing else. ......

This is the best answer. Good luck! !