"This is a meeting to explore coal marketization." Yan Shichun, deputy director of China (Taiyuan) Coal Trading Center, said that at this fair, the government departments did not interfere with the production, transportation and demand links such as coal trading volume and price, and the coal supply and demand sides negotiated independently to determine the price, and finally signed a coal trading contract on the trading platform of the trading center.
During the meeting, the "Guiding Opinions on Deepening the Market-oriented Reform of Thermal Coal" was issued. It is clear that the key contracts for coal supply will be cancelled from 20 13, and at the same time, it is proposed to "strengthen the construction of coal market" to form a unified, open and competitive coal trading market system that is compatible with the market economic system, with the national coal trading center as the main body and the regional coal market as the supplement, providing a relatively perfect market carrier for the implementation of the market-oriented reform of electric coal.
"This marks that coal trading will completely go to the market." Bai, director of the trading department of China (Taiyuan) Coal Trading Center, said.
According to reports, at present, more than 30 coal trading centers (or markets) with different functions, different scales and different coverage areas have been established throughout the country. This emerging market model is supported by electronic trading platform, which can provide information, trading, logistics, finance and settlement services for multiple coal supply and demand entities at the same time.
China (Taiyuan) Coal Trading Center, which hosted the conference, was formally approved by the State Council in May 2007. It is the only coal trading center with the name of "China" at present. By February 26th, 12, there were 2,756 registered dealers, with a total transaction volume of 672 million tons and a transaction amount of 4612.28 million yuan.
This is also the first annual coal trading conference held by China (Taiyuan) Coal Trading Center since the opening of spot trading. More than 2,000 traders from 29 provinces and cities in China participated in more than 8,000 times. During this period, 2065,438+03 China Coal Market Summit Forum and 65,438+03 Special Fair were held.
"Timely release of market supply and demand and price changes through the electronic trading platform reduces the false price report caused by asymmetric information of production and demand and the blindness of enterprise production and operation under the traditional sales model." Qu Jianwu, director of China (Taiyuan) Coal Trading Center, said.
In addition, the coal supply and demand sides can negotiate directly through the electronic trading platform, which reduces some intermediate links under the traditional sales model, shortens the negotiation procedure and saves the time cost of both parties. At the same time, with the support of modern network and technology, the trading center can effectively integrate information, capital, logistics and other related resources, and improve the circulation efficiency of coal on the basis of reasonable regulation and scheduling.
Bai said that this method broke the time-space boundary of traditional trading, saved manpower, material resources and time, and increased trading opportunities. Buyers and sellers can also settle accounts through the trading center platform, which eliminates the concerns of both parties and ensures the safety of their funds.
Three remarkable characteristics of China coal market operation
Since 2004, coal production and transportation needs to adhere to the direction of reform, pay attention to the basic role of the market in allocating resources, and gradually form a new mechanism for enterprises to independently dock resources and negotiate pricing under the guidance of national macro-control, which has promoted the stable development of the coal market. However, due to the imperfection of China's market economic system, there are still some unsatisfactory aspects in the marketization of China's coal trading, which need further reform and improvement in practice.
In order to further promote the construction of China coal market and further improve the coal trading system, the following are three remarkable characteristics of China coal market.
The first feature: the market. It means that the development of China's coal market follows the laws of market economy, and the change of coal market is mainly affected by the relationship between market supply and demand, and the trading price of coal is mainly determined by the relationship between market supply and demand. When the supply of coal exceeds the demand, the transaction price of the market will rise, while when the supply of coal exceeds the demand, the transaction price of the market will fall, which has obvious marketization characteristics. In recent years, China's coal ordering system has been continuously reformed, and the supply and demand sides have gradually attached importance to signing long-term contracts, speeding up the construction of a modern coal trading system with the national coal trading center as the main body, the regional market as the supplement, and the network technology as the platform, which is conducive to the government's macro-control and independent trading of market entities. The "dual track system" of coal trading price basically no longer exists, the marketization mechanism is constantly improving, and the degree of marketization of coal trading is constantly improving. As far as the coal ordering system is concerned, the state has changed the practice of centralized connection between the coal supply and demand sides, and enterprises have independently chosen appropriate methods for decentralized connection within the specified time; Government departments and industry organizations no longer stipulate the connection mode of enterprises, and no longer force enterprises to connect centrally; Where the legitimate production and operation of coal mines and user enterprises, regardless of ownership, affiliation, new and old enterprises, can participate in the convergence fairly and independently; The connection between supply and demand insists on taking coal mines and end-consumer enterprises as the main body, insisting on taking coal-producing and coal-collecting wells as the suppliers, and signing contracts with coal-receiving and payment manufacturers as the buyers, and prohibiting and banning intermediate links from intervening in the connection between supply and demand; Any department, institution or unit basically does not interfere with the independent docking and signing of enterprises; Encourage supply and demand enterprises to sign long-term purchase and sale contracts for five years or more. Supply and demand enterprises should strengthen contract awareness, clarify quantity, quality, price and liability for breach of contract, abide by contract commitments, and shall not change them without authorization; All parties are working hard to promote the reform of coal-electricity price formation mechanism, straighten out the relationship between coal-electricity prices and promote coordinated development. Coal prices will continue to be priced in the market, which will be determined by the enterprises of both the supply and demand sides through consultation, adhere to the principle of high quality and good price, and further improve the coal price formation mechanism that reflects the relationship between market supply and demand, resource scarcity and environmental damage costs.
The second feature: policy city. It means that China's coal production, transportation, trading, consumption and other links basically follow the laws of market economy, and the coal market is seriously interfered by the state and local governments. The national macro-economy, coal industry and local government policies have a great influence on the production, supply and sales of the coal market, which is a coal market under government intervention. Coal production, market supply and demand and transaction price are obviously affected by industry policies. In 2009, the National Development and Reform Commission's Guiding Opinions on Improving the Connection between Coal Production and Transportation clearly pointed out that it is necessary to improve the intention framework of transportation capacity allocation in accordance with the requirements of defining the nature and function and optimizing the structure; It is required to further play the basic role of the market in allocating resources and gradually promote the reform of transportation capacity allocation methods; In the case that the railway transportation capacity is still tense and the structural contradictions are prominent, the intention framework of capacity allocation is issued according to the actual situation of the railway to guide and serve the docking of supply and demand enterprises; The new railway transportation capacity will focus on increasing coal for power generation; Adapt to the merger, reorganization and integration of coal mines in some key coal-producing provinces, adjust the main body of capacity allocation and capacity structure, and achieve a smooth transition; In principle, the intention of capacity allocation of each mine is based on the annual intention framework, giving due consideration to the changes of existing mine capacity, and giving support to the new mines approved by the state. In this way, because the capacity allocation policy is not fully market-oriented, coal sales and prices will undoubtedly be significantly affected by the policy, which is conducive to the coal sales of state-owned key coal enterprises, while the sales to local and small coal enterprises will be affected because they cannot get suitable capacity allocation.
In 2009, Shanxi fully promoted the merger, reorganization and integration of coal mining enterprises, and a large number of local small and medium-sized coal mines stopped production for rectification. After reorganization and integration, the number of coal mines in Shanxi decreased from 2,598 to 1053, and the number of mining enterprises decreased from more than 2,000 to 130. Small and medium-sized coal mines with an annual output of less than 1 10,000 tons will all be eliminated, and the remaining mines will all be mechanized, which leads to the rapid recovery of the domestic economy due to the large number of coal transferred from Shanxi. Although China's coal market generally shows a steady growth, basic balance and stable price, due to partial and phased reduction of supply, there has also been a situation of tight supply and rising price in a large-scale coal market. At the end of 2009, the coal supply in Qinhuangdao was tight, and the coal price rose to more than 800 yuan/ton, which was directly related to the implementation of the merger and reorganization policy of coal enterprises in Shanxi Province and the sharp decline in coal output.
The third feature: a safe city. It means that the operation of China coal market is directly affected by the safe production operation. Generally speaking, under good safety conditions, coal production increases, market supply capacity is enhanced, coal supply is sufficient, market operation is relatively stable, and prices are relatively stable; On the other hand, if there is a major accident in coal production, the state will strengthen coal mine safety management and rectification, coal production will be reduced, market supply capacity will be weakened, coal supply will be tight or even tight, the market will be turbulent, coal will be in short supply, and transaction prices will rise. The increasingly severe coal mine safety production management is one of the important factors affecting the future coal market operation. Coal mine production, safety first, the situation of coal mine safety production has always had an impact on the coal market. If the situation of coal mine safety production continues to improve through governance, the national coal enterprises can stabilize production; If the situation of coal mine safety production cannot be fundamentally improved, coal mine safety production accidents that may occur at any time, and the ensuing "fire at the city gate, hurting the fish pond" type of safety production management mode, will cause a shortage of coal resources in some areas, which will inevitably affect the stable operation of the coal market. On March 28th, 20 10, the return air lane in the north wing panel of Wangjialing Mine of Huajin Company was flooded. This particularly serious flooding accident caused 153 people to be trapped. After all-out rescue, 1 15 people were rescued and 38 workers were killed. After the accident, the national safety supervision was strengthened, and some coal enterprises with imperfect safety measures in Shanxi and Henan were forced to rectify or stop production and shut down, resulting in a decline in coal production capacity and output. From March to May this year, coal supply was tight and coal prices continued to rise, which played a role in fueling the situation.
From late March to mid-May, the overall coal price in Qinhuangdao showed a continuous upward trend. According to statistics, the listed selling prices of 4500 kcal/kg, 5000 kcal/kg, 5500 kcal/kg and 5800 kcal/kg in Qinhuangdao Port coal market on March 22nd were 5 10-520 yuan/ton, 570-580 yuan/ton, 670-680 yuan/ton and 720 respectively. After a two-month overall increase in coal trading price, the listed selling prices of 4,500 kcal/kg, 5,000 kcal/kg, 5,500 kcal/kg and 5,800 kcal/kg in Qinhuangdao market on May 24th were 580-590 yuan/ton, 655-665 yuan/ton, 755-765 yuan/ton and 7800 yuan/ton respectively. They increased by 13.6%, 14.8%, 12.6% and 9.0% respectively compared with March 22nd, and increased by 12.5%, 12.8% and/kloc-0 respectively compared with the same period of last year. After two months of continuous increase, the motivation for coal price increase has been insufficient, and coal price has now stabilized at a high level.