College: College of Food Science and Technology Class: Class 3, Department of Food, Grade 08.
Last name is Liu, student number: 2008407 173 14.
Topic of course paper: the function and problems of food additives in food industry
Course Name: Food Additives
Grading results:
Signature of performance evaluation teacher:
Date: Year Month Day
Functions and problems of food additives in food industry
Student: Liu
(Class 3, Grade 08, College of Food Science and Technology, student number 2008407 173 14)
Abstract: Food additives play an important role in food industry. Food additives refer to a kind of chemical synthetic or natural substances used to improve food quality, prolong food shelf life, facilitate food processing and increase food nutrients. Food additives refer to compounds or natural substances added to food in order to improve the quality of food such as color, aroma and taste and meet the needs of preservation and processing technology. There are also some problems. Most food additives are toxic, so the dosage should be strictly controlled. Such as the problem of pigment.
Keywords: food,
First, the main role of food additives in the food industry
Food additives have greatly promoted the development of food industry and are known as the soul of modern food industry. This is mainly because it brings many benefits to the food industry, and its main functions are as follows:
1. Conducive to food preservation and prevent food from spoilage.
For example, preservatives can prevent food spoilage caused by microorganisms, extend the shelf life of food, and also prevent food poisoning caused by microbial contamination. Another example: antioxidants can prevent or delay the oxidative deterioration of food, thus improving the stability and storage resistance of food, and at the same time preventing the formation of potentially harmful self-oxidizing substances in oil. In addition, it can also be used to prevent enzymatic browning and non-enzymatic browning of foods, especially fruits and vegetables. These are of certain significance to the preservation of food.
2. Improve the sensory characteristics of food.
The color, aroma, taste, shape and quality of food are important indicators to measure the quality of food. Proper use of food additives such as colorants, color fixatives, bleaches, flavorings, emulsifiers and thickeners can obviously improve the sensory quality of food and meet people's different needs.
3. Maintain or improve the nutritional value of food.
Adding some food nutritional fortifiers in food processing can greatly improve the nutritional value of food, which is of great significance to prevent malnutrition and nutritional deficiency, promote nutritional balance and improve people's health.
4. Increase the diversity and convenience of food.
At present, there are more than 20,000 kinds of food on the market for consumers to choose from. Although most of these foods are produced by certain packaging and different processing methods, in the production engineering, some products with complete color, fragrance and taste are mostly added with food additives such as pigments, flavoring agents and seasonings to varying degrees. It is these numerous foods, especially the supply of convenience foods, that bring great convenience to people's lives and work.
5. Conducive to food processing and production, suitable for mechanized and automated production.
The use of defoamer, filter aid, stabilizer and coagulant in food processing is beneficial to food processing operations. For example, when δ -lactone gluconate is used as coagulant of tofu, it can be beneficial to the mechanization and automation of tofu production.
6. Meet other special needs.
Food should meet people's different needs as much as possible. For example, diabetics can't eat sugar, so they can use non-nutritive sweeteners or low-calorie sweeteners, such as sucralose or aspartame, to make sugar-free foods.
Second, the problem of food additives in the food industry.
Excessive food additives will be harmful to health. Nowadays, there are two kinds of edible pigments in common use: natural pigments and synthetic pigments. Natural pigments are derived from natural materials, mainly extracted from plant tissues, and also include some pigments from animals and microorganisms. Synthetic pigment refers to the organic pigment prepared by artificial chemical synthesis, which is mainly made of aniline dye separated from coal tar. For a long time, people have not realized the harm of synthetic pigments, and compared with natural pigments, synthetic pigments have the advantages of bright color, strong coloring, stable performance and low price. Synthetic pigments are widely used in food processing industry in many countries. With the development of society and the improvement of people's living standards, more and more people question whether the use of synthetic pigments in food will do harm to human health. At the same time, a large number of research reports point out that almost all synthetic pigments can not provide nutrition to human body, and some synthetic pigments may even endanger human health. When eating exquisite snacks, fast food boxes and delicious hot dogs, take a look at the nutrient composition list on beautifully printed packaged foods, and you will find that there are additives in each food. It is understood that there are four most common ingredients in processed foods, namely, trans fat, refined grain products, salt and high-fructose syrup, which are harmful to human health.
Some of them are harmful if excessive, such as citric acid, stevioside, aspartame, sodium cyclamate, Finnish white pigment, vanillin, ethyl maltol, potassium sorbate and so on. As long as it is added excessively, it is basically harmless.
Third, the development prospects of food additives
To understand the development prospect of food additives, we need to treat food additives correctly.
(1) The role of food additives.
Reasonable use of food additives can prevent food from spoilage, maintain or enhance the nutrition of food, and improve or enrich the color, aroma and taste of food.
(2) The necessity of using food additives.
In fact, it is more dangerous not to use preservatives, because spoiled food often causes food poisoning diseases. In addition, preservatives can not only prevent food from spoilage, but also kill toxic microorganisms such as Aspergillus, which is undoubtedly beneficial to human health.
(3) Safe dosage of food additives.
The amount of food additives that have no toxic side effects on health is expressed by the mass (mg) taken per kilogram per day, that is, mg/kg.
(4) Do not use toxic additives.
"Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate" is also called sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, and its chemical formula is NaHSO2˙ CH2O˙ 2H2O. It is prepared by the reaction of zinc powder and sulfur dioxide to produce low sulfurous acid. Then react with formaldehyde, concentrate in a vacuum evaporator, and condense into blocks. "Hanging white block" is a white block or crystalline powder, which is easily soluble in water. It is stable at room temperature, can decompose sulfurous acid at high temperature, and has strong reducibility, so it has bleaching effect. It begins to decompose into harmful substances above 80℃, and the chemical equation of the reaction is:
6 nah so 2 ch2o 2H2O+3H2O = 4 nah so 3+2 hcoona+HCOOH+2H2O+3c H3 oh
It is decomposed into formaldehyde at 1 10℃, and the reaction equation is:
nah so 2 CH2O = nah so 2+CH2O
Sodium bisulfite +H2O = sodium bisulfite+2 "h"
It can cause fever, headache, fatigue, loss of appetite and so on. A one-time consumption dose of 10g is life-threatening. "Hanging white blocks" are mainly used as dyes and reducing agents in printing and dyeing industry, and the bleaching and anticorrosion effects are more obvious.
Therefore, the development prospect of food additives in food is very good.
Four. Concluding remarks
Food is inseparable from food additives. In the eyes of many people, food additives refer to Sudan Red, Clenbuterol, sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate and melamine. In this regard, Professor Nong Shao Zhuang said that this understanding is actually wrong. Food additives are a kind of chemical synthetic substances or natural substances used to improve food quality, prolong food shelf life, facilitate food processing and increase food nutrients; Sudan red and melamine are not food additives at all, but illegal food additives, which are not allowed to appear in food.
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