The opening defense is divided into two parts: opening report and defense. In fact, it is a form of comprehensive review of the results of the initial and planning stages of the project by relevant personnel.

First, the general procedure of graduation thesis defense

1。 Students must submit their graduation thesis in triplicate, together with the outline and draft, to the instructor half a month before the thesis defense meeting, and draw up the questions and answers that need to be asked.

2。 At the defense meeting, let students spend about 15 minutes to summarize the topic and the reasons for choosing the topic, and introduce the main arguments, arguments and writing experience of the paper in detail.

3。 The main defense teacher asked questions. The main defense teacher usually asks three questions. Can students prepare themselves after the teacher asks questions 15? After 20 minutes, come back to the scene to answer. According to the specific situation of students' answers, the main defense teacher and other defense teachers can ask appropriate questions at any time.

4。 After the students answered all the questions one by one, they left. According to the quality of the paper and the defense situation, the defense Committee collectively decides whether to pass or not, and draws up scores and comments.

5。 When recalling students, the main defense teacher should summarize the situation in the process of thesis and defense for students, affirm their advantages and disadvantages, point out their mistakes or shortcomings, make necessary supplements and guidance, and announce the approval or disapproval of students at the same time. As for the results of the paper, it is generally not announced on the spot.

Second, the main defense teacher's questioning methods

1。 Questions should follow the principle of easy before difficult. Generally, the main defense teacher will ask each respondent three or more questions, and it is best to ask these questions in the order from easy to difficult. The first question asked should generally be considered as a question that students can answer and answer well. When students answer the first question well, they will relax their nervousness and enhance their confidence in answering well, which will help them to play their normal level in the defense of the following questions.

2。 Ask questions step by step. In order to correctly test students' mastery of professional basic knowledge, it is sometimes necessary to divide a big question into several small questions and ask questions step by step.

3。 When the respondent's point of view is different from his own, he should discuss it with a gentle attitude and a tone of discussion, that is, he should be "elder" and practice his skills to avoid condescending and insulting words. Don't pretend to be the master of "truth" and easily use negative judgments such as "wrong", "wrong" and "fallacy". Remember the adage that "what is right may not be right, but what is wrong may be right" and take good advice. You don't have to impose your own views on others, just take your own views out for the other party's reference.

4。 When students can't answer questions to the point or can't answer them for a while, heuristic and guided questioning methods should be adopted. Teachers who have participated in the thesis defense Committee may have encountered such a situation: students can't answer the questions raised, and some just "stay" helplessly; Some are rambling and beating around the bush, but in fact he doesn't know the answer. In this case, the defense teacher can neither make the students embarrassed to "stay" nor let them talk to each other, but should enlighten or guide them in time. Only through inspiration and guidance can we judge that he really doesn't have this knowledge when he still can't answer and get to the point.

Third, students should pay attention to defense.

In order to successfully pass the defense and truly show their level in the defense, students should not only make full preparations before the defense, but also understand and master the essentials and art of the defense.

(1) Bring necessary materials and supplies: First, students should bring papers and main reference materials when attending the defense meeting. At the defense meeting, after the main defense teacher asks questions, students can prepare for a certain period of time and then answer them face to face. In this case, the necessity of bringing papers and main reference materials is self-evident. Secondly, you should also bring a pen and notebook to record the questions and valuable opinions and opinions raised by the main defense teacher. By recording, you can not only ease your nervousness, but also better understand the key and essence of the teacher's question. At the same time, you can think while recording and make the thinking process natural.

(2) Be confident, don't be nervous: on the basis of full preparation, don't be nervous, be confident. It is very important to build confidence and eliminate tension and panic, because excessive tension will make it impossible to answer questions that could have been answered. Only if you are confident and calm, your defense will have a good performance. Self-confidence mainly comes from making full preparations in advance.

(3) After listening to the questions clearly, think before answering: When the main defense teacher asks questions, students should concentrate on listening carefully and write down the answers in the notebook, carefully scrutinize the key points and essence of the questions raised by the main defense teacher, and don't answer them in a hurry without knowing the meaning of the questions. If you are not clear about the question, you can ask the teacher to say it again. If you don't understand some concepts in the question, you can ask the teacher to explain it, or you can express your understanding of the question, and ask if it means this, and then answer it after you get a positive answer. It is possible to avoid answering irrelevant questions. The answer is to the point.

(4) Answering questions should be concise and clear: after knowing the exact meaning of the questions raised by the main defense teacher, you should respond in a short time, speak your thoughts confidently in fluent language and affirmative tone, and do not hesitate. To answer questions, first, we must grasp the key points, be concise and to the point, and don't ramble, so that people can't get to the point after listening; Second, strive to be objective, comprehensive and dialectical, leaving room to avoid saying "death"; Third, it is necessary to make a concrete analysis and have a clear hierarchy. In addition, pay attention to clear words, moderate voice and so on.

(5) Don't argue with unanswerable questions: Sometimes the teachers of the defense committee are not satisfied with the answers given by the respondents, and they will ask further questions to find out whether the author really understands and grasps this question. In this case, if the respondent is sure to make it clear, he can state the reasons for his defense; If you are not sure, you can try to answer carefully and answer as much as you can, even if it is not exact, it doesn't matter. As long as it is related to the question, the teacher will guide you to the point. If it's really a problem you haven't figured out, you should be realistic and explain that you haven't figured it out, and say that you must study this problem carefully in the future, and you can't argue irrationally and quibble. Because the teacher of the defense Committee may have studied this problem specially, no matter how clever he is, he can't fool him. It should be understood here that it is not surprising that a student was asked a question at the defense meeting, because the members of the defense Committee are generally experts in this field. It is natural that they can't answer one of their questions. Of course, not all questions can be answered, and it is not normal to ask three questions without knowing.

(six) when the main point of view in the paper is different from that of the main defense teacher, you can argue with it:

In the defense, sometimes the main defense teacher will put forward a point of view different from the basic point of view in the paper, and then please talk about it. At this time, you should try your best to defend your point of view and refute the opposite point of view. Among the questions asked by the main defense teacher, there are some basic knowledge questions and some academic inquiry questions. For the former question, we need to give a correct and comprehensive answer, which is not negotiable. The latter question is still inconclusive, and people with different views can discuss it with each other. If the basic ideas of the written paper are well thought out, reasonable and well founded, don't give up your opinions just because the members of the defense Committee put forward different opinions. Otherwise, it is tantamount to denying the paper that you have worked so hard to write. You know, some defense teachers put forward different views from the thesis, which are not his own views. He just wants to listen to comments and opinions on this point of view, or to test his defense ability, or the firmness of his own point of view. To say the least, even if you ask teachers their own opinions, you should argue with them with the attitude of "I love my teacher and I love the truth more".

But when arguing with the defense teacher, we should pay attention to the discretion and use appropriate arguments. Generally speaking, we should give priority to defending our own views, refute each other's arguments in euphemistic language as much as possible, ask questions in tone, and input our views into each other without showing any trace by means of side talk, secret talk and roundabout talk, so as to be well-founded, well-founded or well-founded. Let the questioning teacher feel that although he accepted the opinion, his self-esteem was not hurt. For example, at a defense meeting, when a teacher explained the monopoly of high profits, he described the monopoly of high profits as the part of profits higher than the average profit. The students who answered the questions realized that the teacher's explanation was wrong. He said in a calm and confused tone: "So, how do you understand that monopoly high profit means monopoly price is higher than cost price?" The teacher who asked questions paused after listening, and after a while said loudly, "Good question!" " From the cheers of the questioning teacher, I know that he has completely agreed with you. This kind of debate, the defense teacher will not be embarrassed, on the contrary, will feel very level and solid.

(7) Be polite: the process of thesis defense is also the process of academic exchange. Respondents should regard it as a good opportunity to learn from the defense teachers and experts, ask for advice and ask questions. Therefore, in the whole process of defense, the respondent should respect the teachers of the defense committee, and be polite in words and deeds, especially when the questions raised by the main defense teacher are difficult to answer, or the defense teacher's views are different from his own. After the defense is over, leave calmly and politely, regardless of the defense situation.

In addition, after the graduation thesis defense, the author should listen carefully to the judgment of the defense Committee, further analyze and think about the opinions put forward by the defense teacher, and summarize the experience and lessons of thesis writing. On the one hand, through this graduation thesis writing, I want to know what scientific research methods I have learned and mastered, and my ability to ask questions, analyze problems, solve problems and study has been improved. What are the shortcomings, as a reference for studying other topics in the future. On the other hand, we should seriously think about the questions and opinions raised by the defense teachers at the thesis defense meeting, revise our own papers, deepen our research, and seriously revise our own papers to achieve in-depth development and achieve greater results. To improve their knowledge and ability.

Defense skills of opening report 1. Defensive skill

Students should first introduce the outline of the paper, which is called. Self-report? What should be emphasized? Self-report? Instead of. Self-study . The important skill here is to be careful not to read the report from the book and become? Reading? . ? Read it in a book? Is the number one taboo. This part can include writing motivation, reasons, research direction, topic comparison, research scope, the latest research results around this topic, my new insights, new understandings or new breakthroughs in the paper. Be concise. Can't take up too much time, usually limited to ten minutes. So-called? Cut the complex and leave the quilt clear until it is cooked? In other words, try to make the text rich and to the point. We should highlight the key points and express our greatest gains, deepest experience, essence and most distinctive parts. It should be noted here that the theme is unknown; Second, avoid vague content and ramble; Three bogeys are dull and unfocused.

When defending, students should pay attention to manners and manners, which is the first signal to enter people's emotional channel. If the respondents can present a good image with good manners and manners in the first two minutes, it will be a good start. Some people decompose human posture into the smallest units to study (such as head, shoulders, chest, spine, waist, etc.) ). They think that a concave chest indicates cowardice and inferiority, and the chest is high? But excess is arrogance and conceit; Shoulders, hands and neck are showing integrity and strength, and the back is straight, reflecting seriousness and self-confidence. But if it is too much, it will be considered rigid and conservative, slightly bent down, and slightly inclined can appear modest and polite. Dr. Sun Yat-sen once said? Even if the audience is in awe, the gesture format must make the listener have a quiet and meticulous atmosphere? His good words really inspired us a lot.

When listening to the teacher's questions, you should master the following skills:

Calm down, listen and remember.

Concentrate and think seriously.

We should be confident and open-minded.

Seeking truth from facts, never demanding.

Listen carefully and listen clearly.

The skills to be mastered in answering questions are the skills to be answered in each question when conceiving? The crux of the problem? Where is it? Which angle is the best to answer the question? What examples should be given to prove it? The answer is essentially a coherent paragraph? Oral composition? . First, the article should have arguments and arguments. Second, there is a beginning, a subject and an end. Third, it is organized and hierarchical. Fourth, correct words and fluent language. Five, should be articulate and speak at a moderate speed. The beginning should be concise: straight to the point is the best beginning, and straight to the point to express your views is the best way to reply. The expression of the main part can be analyzed item by item, that is, the content to be answered is summarized and analyzed item by item, which is actually to sort out the materials you have mastered from the outside to the inside. Such a statement will not be superficial, but can go deep into the essence. Piecewise analysis can be combined with some practical examples that I have mastered, sorted into several items and listed into several subheadings: divided into several points and said one by one. A full bowl of rice must be eaten bite by bite, and the truth of full stomach must be told one by one, interlocking and interlocking, which makes people remember clearly after listening. If you have prepared a relatively complete outline when preparing, then put some jade beads (for example) along the main line of answering questions to make the center clear, coherent and reasonable.

As a student who will take part in thesis defense, he must first have a deep understanding and comprehensive familiarity with the contents of his graduation thesis. This is to prepare for answering questions that members of the thesis defense Committee may ask about the depth and related knowledge of the thesis. So-called? Deep understanding? Is to have a horizontal grasp of the graduation thesis. For example, the thesis entitled "Creating famous brand products and developing national industries" may be asked by the graduation thesis defense committee. National brand? With what? Famous brand? What does it matter? Although the graduation thesis may not involve? National brand? But students who take part in thesis defense must have a good understanding of their graduation thesis. More comprehensive understanding? And then what? A deeper understanding? Otherwise, there will be an embarrassing situation.

Second, the thesis defense chart interspersed

Any graduation thesis, whether it is liberal arts or science, involves the possibility of expressing the views of the thesis with charts to some extent, so I think we should be prepared. Charts are not only an intuitive way to express opinions, but also a means to adjust the atmosphere of the thesis defense meeting. Especially for the members of the private thesis defense committee, listening for a long time will inevitably be rejected, and they will no longer accept and absorb what you have discussed, which will inevitably affect your graduation thesis defense performance. Therefore, you should properly insert charts or other media similar to charts in the process of thesis defense to improve your thesis defense results.

Third, the thesis defense language is fluent and moderate.

Students who defend their graduation thesis are usually the first time. Numerous facts have proved that they often speak faster and faster when defending their papers, so that members of the graduation defense Committee can't hear clearly, which affects their graduation defense results. Therefore, in the process of thesis defense, graduation defense students must pay attention to the speed of language flow, combine urgency with slowness, and not bombard the audience like a barrage.

Fourth, the thesis defense eyes move.

When a graduate defends a thesis, he can generally leave the manuscript, leave it half-time, or leave it at all. But no matter which way, we should pay attention to our eyes, so that our eyes often glance at the members of the thesis defense Committee and the students attending the meeting. This is a way for you to make eye contact with your audience and make them interested in your topic. At the graduation thesis defense meeting, because of the long listening time, members will inevitably be distracted. At this time, you will look at them politely. Pull? Come back and let the members follow your ideas.

Five, the thesis defense body language assistance

Although the defense of graduation thesis is mainly oral like other thesis defense, proper use of body language will assist your thesis defense and make your thesis defense more effective. Especially if the gesture language is used properly, it will be confident, powerful and irrefutable. On the contrary, if you always stand up straight or bow your head in the process of thesis defense, even if your thesis is reasonable in structure, novel in theme and correct in conclusion, the effect of thesis defense will be greatly affected. Therefore, we must pay attention to the use of body language when defending our graduation thesis.

Six, the thesis defense time control

Generally speaking, in a more formal thesis defense meeting, there is a requirement for the defense time of the debater. Therefore, students who defend their graduation thesis should pay attention to the mastery of the time of thesis defense. The time control of thesis defense should be strong, and the deadline will end immediately. This seems to be well prepared, and I am familiar with the mastery and control of the content, which is easy to leave a good impression on the members of the graduation thesis defense Committee. Therefore, before the graduation thesis defense, we should have an estimate of the content of the defense. Of course, the flexible reduction or increase in the process of graduation thesis defense is also a manifestation of the time control of thesis defense, which needs attention.

Seven, thesis defense closely related to the theme.

There are often many debaters when defending graduation thesis on campus. Therefore, for the members of the graduation thesis defense committee, it is impossible for them to have a comprehensive understanding of the content of each graduation thesis, and some may even be unfamiliar with the topic of the graduation thesis. Therefore, in the whole process of thesis defense, it is very important to deduce the topic around the theme. In addition, members are generally easy to ask questions about the theme of the paper. If the boundary can discuss the topic of the thesis from beginning to end, it will make the judges think clearly and affirm your graduation thesis.

Eight, the thesis defense said to use.

In the process of graduation thesis defense, it will inevitably involve the use of person. I suggest using the first person as much as possible, such as? Me? We? Even if the material in the paper is quoted from others, use it? We quote? Most data or materials, especially graduation thesis, are written by yourself, so we should use the first person more decisively and boldly. Me? And then what? we? . If so, it will give people the impression that something is yours and you have done a lot of work!

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