The doctoral thesis should be able to show that the author has mastered the solid and extensive basic theory and systematic and in-depth professional knowledge of the subject, has the ability to engage in scientific research independently, and has made creative achievements in science or special technology.
Academic paper
An academic paper is a scientific record of an academic topic by means of experiments, theories or observations, with new scientific research achievements or innovative ideas and knowledge; Or apply the known principles to the scientific summary of the new progress made in practice for reading, communication or discussion at academic conferences; Or published in academic journals; Or written documents for other purposes.
Academic papers should provide new scientific and technological information, and their contents should be discovery, invention, creation and progress, rather than repeating, imitating and copying the work of predecessors.
main feature
scientificity
The scientific nature of academic papers requires the author not to be influenced by personal likes and dislikes, and not to make subjective assumptions. He must proceed from objective reality and draw practical conclusions. In terms of arguments, we should grasp as much information as possible and take the most sufficient and conclusive arguments as the basis of arguments. When demonstrating, we must go through careful thinking and conduct rigorous argumentation.
creativity
Scientific research is the exploration of new knowledge. Innovation is the life of scientific research. The creativity of academic papers lies in the author's unique insights and ability to put forward new ideas and theories. This is because the essence of science is revolutionary and unorthodox. "The scientific method is mainly a means to discover new phenomena and formulate new theories, and the old scientific theories will inevitably be overthrown by the new ones." (Stephen Mei Sen) Therefore, without creativity, academic papers have no scientific value.
theoretical
Academic papers are argumentative in form, but they are different from ordinary argumentative papers. It must have its own theoretical system, not just a list of materials. To raise perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge, we need to analyze and study a large number of facts and materials. Generally speaking, academic papers are argumentative or argumentative. The content of the paper must conform to historical materialism and materialist dialectics, and to the scientific research methods of "seeking truth from facts", "aiming at the target" and "analyzing and synthesizing".
laxation
It means to express scientific truth in plain language, not only literally, but also accurately, vividly, harmoniously and vividly.
professionality
It is the main symbol to distinguish different types of papers and the main basis for paper classification.
practicability
This is the concrete embodiment of the value of the paper. It is also manifested in the content, aiming at cultivating ability according to certain job responsibilities and goals.