First, long flowing water, continuous line
Make full use of this classroom form, give full play to students' main role, closely combine different texts, and adopt flexible and diverse methods to introduce and evaluate many famous ancient sentences to students to help them understand their aesthetic value. For example:
There is no way to go because of the winding water flow in the mountains, and a mountain village suddenly appears in the willow-green flower bay. (land travel)
Suddenly, like a night wind blowing, like a pear tree in blossom. (Cen Can)
The green hills on both sides are neck and neck, and a boat meets leisurely from the horizon. (Li Bai)
Make further progress (Wang Zhihuan)
Try to climb to the top of the mountain: it dwarfs all the peaks under our feet. (Du Fu)
I am a lonely stranger in a strange land, and I miss my family more often during the holidays. (Wang Wei)
These famous poems and sentences, like a string of sparkling pearls, are catchy and sonorous, striking people's heartstrings and arousing readers' rich associations. Every reading is a good artistic enjoyment. I make full use of early self-study to make students recite repeatedly and guide them to work hard on reading. Only by reading more books can we study hard, and only by working hard can we appreciate the beauty of sentences. As we all know, poetry is a kind of music language art with distinct rhythm. Reading poetry is helpful to understand and appreciate its beautiful artistic conception, to understand the author's thoughts and feelings, and to accept the influence of art. No wonder people often say that "good sentences are never tired of reading." Let the students recite and explain, which lays the foundation for application and creates conditions for using sentences well in argumentative writing.
Combined with the unit teaching of poetry, this paper focuses on analyzing the excellent sentences in poetry, inducing students to understand the original sentences in many ways, and giving teachers guidance on how to use them in writing. For example, Li Bai's "Difficult to Go" said, "When you meet an old friend, you will sail straight and the bridge will be deep." This is the author's future ideal, and one day he will be proud and passionate. This mentality is shared by ancient literati, especially for Li Bai. On the basis of guiding students to understand the meaning, teachers should focus on how to make students contact with the reality of today's society and show their determination for a better future in order to realize their ideals and great ambitions. It can also be "when I meet my friends through the wind and waves, I will raise my shady sail and bridge the deep sea".
When learning the use of figures of speech, we should also try to list famous sentences in ancient poetry, such as: "How much sorrow can you have?" Just as "One River Flows East" (Li Yu's Yu Meiren), in order to show the cleverness of metaphor, Li Yu used "One River Flows East" as a metaphor for "sadness". It's really intriguing. The characteristic of a river flowing eastward is the clear water of Qingjiang River, which is slow, deep and long, unfathomable and endless. And people's sadness is endless, and they want to break their incompetence, so the two characteristics stick together, which just constitutes such a metaphor. Use "flying to thousands of feet, suspecting that the Milky Way will fall for nine days" to illustrate artistic exaggeration. "Red flowers are better than fire at sunrise, and the riverside is as green as blue". Use "the wine in Zhumen stinks, and the road has frozen bones" to illustrate the benefits of comparison, and so on.
In short, in order to deepen students' understanding and impression of famous ancient poems, we should persist in using available forms and opportunities, such as analyzing and appreciating famous sentences five minutes before class and activity class, so as to achieve "continuous flow".
Second, combined with reality, clever use
Compare examples and let students know the benefits of using famous poems and sentences. The idiom goes well: "Don't be afraid of not knowing the goods, just shop around." Comparative method is the basic way for people to know things. What are the advantages of using famous sentences in argumentative writing, and what is the difference between using and not using them? I often compare them with examples in teaching:
For example, the birth of the Teacher Law was not easy. After several years of revision, discussion and revision, it was finally passed by the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC). It clearly stipulates the treatment of teachers, housing, medical care and so on.
The Teacher Law lasted for several years, but before she started coming to us, we called a thousand times and urged her for a thousand times. Clearly defined the treatment of teachers, housing, medical care and other aspects.
Obviously, the text is straightforward, but the text is not very concise. Example 2 uses a famous sentence in Bai Juyi's Pipa Story, which not only increases literary talent, but also contains rich semantics. The difficult process of the birth of Teacher Law is condensed in However, We yet we called and urged a thousand times before she started toward us, which is quite readable, ornamental and elegant.
It varies from text to text and is used flexibly. The famous sentences of ancient poems used in argumentative essays are not limited to one format, but can be changed according to the needs of expression and expression, and are allowed to be placed in the title, beginning, middle or end. In teaching, I often express these different usages orally.
Quote famous ancient poems and sentences at the title of the article. In 2005, Jiangsu examinee's perfect composition trilogy of life was inscribed as Linjiang Bamboo, Rain or shine, and everywhere in the green hills, with novel, elegant and profound ideas.
Embedding poems at the beginning of the article will affect the whole body, make the beginning of the article appear profound and poetic, and make the language concise and incisive. For example, in 2004, Shaanxi candidates wrote the beginning of "Looking for Happiness and Wonderful Life":
"Walk slowly on the autumn leaves path. I can't help singing:' There are endless leaves rustling and endless sadness rolling in'. Lament the sadness and misfortune of fallen leaves. In fact, the life of falling leaves may be like this, just asking for spring and colorful autumn colors. Change your way of thinking. Gong Zizhen once said,' Falling in love is not heartless. Turn into spring mud to protect flowers! We should rejoice and enjoy the colorful autumn scenery. "
Quoting ancient poetry in the middle of the article, creating artistic conception, and touching the readers' heartstrings with artistic images of scene blending, quoting or using these words can write my soul in other people's territory and add charm to the article. For example:
In fact, Americans are like this. Why don't we in China know this?
"The moonlight in the atrium is clear, and countless flowers pass through the shadows." Zhang Xian also knows that the fallen flowers must have a moonlight distance to show faint beauty.
"The thin shadow is horizontal and shallow, and the fragrance wafts in the dusk", so Lin Hejing also understands that only through dusk can we appreciate the hazy beauty.
"Before the white lotus blooms, the willow on the other side is like frost", that is, the implicit beauty must be more graceful through Chanjuan.
The above passage is selected from the 2008 Hunan perfect score composition "On the other side, the lights are dim". The article extracts six ancient poems, presenting three different beautiful pictures: vague beauty, hazy beauty and graceful beauty, laying a good foundation for the theme, romantic and gorgeous, and convincing after reading all the papers.
The quotation of classical poems at the end of the article has the function of making the finishing point and sublimating the theme, and has received endless expression effects, which makes readers hide their thoughts and have endless aftertaste. For example, in 2008, the result of Jiangxi examinee's "Tianya * * * this matter" was:
"There are no flowers in the fragrant trees, and birds crow all the way!" Selfish human, please erase your soul! You will still be the sons of nature. Let's experience it together. Once upon a time, the mood of "the bright moon is in the sky and the horizon is * * * at this time"!
Quote the whole article. For example, in the 2007 Beijing volume "A Literati Hero Should Be Lonely in a Rain", the article begins with a caption in which Liu Changqing, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, lamented loneliness and extended the ethereal and gentle feeling of A Rain Flower to emotional heroism, that is, "everyone has a Hua Zhong in his heart" and "and". Then take Nalan Xingde's why can't I hate it? And Li Yu's "flowing water has come out of spring, and heaven and earth are also." Give some examples to explain why loneliness is the meaning of loneliness. The sixth paragraph lists Lu You's "red hands, Huangteng wine ……" and Wang Wei's "Cornus officinalis is short of a person", which sublimates loneliness into "a huge emotional precipitation, turns it into silence, and turns it into a driving force for writing, making the idle flowers in the drizzle become indelible".
In order to express the need, sometimes a word or words of a famous poem can be changed, but it is still used in the text. For example, in other words: "Modern society needs multi-level and multi-type talents. In order to train talents early and quickly, talents can be trained in various forms, so that talents can be produced in an eclectic manner. " As long as the word "drop" in Gong Zizhen's "Drop Talents in an Irregular Way" is changed to "go out", the meaning will be more fluent and lively. Not only can it be changed to the word "out", but it can also be changed to: training talents in an eclectic way, recommending talents in an eclectic way, selecting talents in an eclectic way, caring for talents in an eclectic way, cherishing talents in an eclectic way, using talents in an eclectic way and so on.
There are also some examples that have been changed a few words, such as: "Composition needs comprehensive materials in many aspects, which are different from east, west, north and south. We must collect all kinds of materials and analyze them in order to have a comprehensive and profound understanding of things and write good articles. " This is to change the "far" in Su Shi's "Title of Xilin Wall" into "East, West, North and South", which is ingenious and appropriate and adds luster to the meaning of the text.
It can be seen that famous sentences of ancient poetry can be used not only in different positions of appropriately changing argumentative papers, but also as topics, arguments and arguments. In the process of instructing students to write argumentative essays, I combine my personal reading of newspapers and periodicals to analyze and evaluate the relevant model essays in time to stimulate students' interest in writing, especially to cultivate students' ability to use famous poems and sentences. Some articles in these newspapers take famous sentences as topics, some take famous sentences as arguments, and some take famous sentences as arguments. For example, The China People's Political Consultative Conference newspaper's article "The Thousand Rooms of Ande House" uses Du Fu's famous sentence to illustrate the current housing difficulties. The article "Moisten Things and Be Silent" in China Education News, with novel title and profound meaning, tells people how to do a good job in patient and meticulous ideological education. For example, an article in China Youth Daily entitled "But an inch of grass is a little sentimental, and it is better than three spring flowers" is the argument of the full text. There is such a passage in the article: "Here we can use the old saying:' Only an inch of long grass is a little sentimental, and it is better than three spring rays'. For the teachers who accompanied them through their happy teenage years and educated them in all aspects of talent, personality and learning attitude, and for their alma mater, which has trained thousands of music talents in Qian Qian and is well-known at home and abroad, every alumnus has reverence and gratitude for the attached middle school of Shanghai Conservatory of Music. " The central argument "but how much love there is in an inch of grass, three wisps of spring scenery" is closely linked everywhere and thoroughly discussed. For example, Wu Guowei's "Words on Earth" said: "The pursuit of greatness in ancient and modern times must go through three realms:' Last night, the west wind withered the green trees, and I climbed the stairs alone to look at the horizon', which is also the first realm;" I will never regret the widening of my belt, and I will languish for Iraq ",which is also the second condition;" The crowd looked for him for thousands of Baidu, and suddenly looking back, the man was in the dim light', which was also the third place. "This passage uses the famous sentences of Yan Shu, Liu Yong and Xin Qiji as arguments to reveal that all great university experts should have strong perseverance and indomitable spirit. I introduced these examples to my classmates, and made them understand that famous ancient poems and sentences can be used not only as topics, but also as arguments or arguments, which broadened their horizons and achieved remarkable results.
The power of example is infinite. As teachers, we should take the lead in making good use of ancient poems and famous sentences. Try to use famous sentences in both oral and written form, and it is best to recite more than 200 sentences, so as to be handy and proficient. In order to facilitate students to master, I will provide students with common and commonly used ancient poems and famous sentences (in the form of handouts) in order to gradually improve their writing level.
Various forms of classification
In argumentative teaching, I classify famous sentences as follows: 1. I used to cherish time: young people don't work hard, and old people are sad; 2. Used for reading and writing: reading thousands of books, writing like a god; 3. Used for new things: the Spring Garden can't be closed, and an apricot is out of the wall; 4. Used for diligent study: there is a road to diligence in Shushan, and there is no limit to learning the sea; Diligence is a genius, and success has an end; 5. Used to comment on articles: appreciate strange articles and analyze doubts; 6. Used for the alternation of the old and the new: Qian Fan by the shipwreck, Wan Muchun in front of the sick tree; Thousands of families always exchange new peaches for old ones; 7. Used for simple beauty: clear water produces hibiscus, naturally carved; 8. Used for social development: Ercao's reputation is ruined, and rivers are not wasted forever; 9. It is very deep in kung fu: why should it be tempered into steel and become a soft finger? 10. Used for the prosperity of the scene: the spring city is full of flowers, and the spring breeze is proud of horseshoe disease; 1 1. Used to cherish food: Who knows that every grain in a plate of Chinese food is hard; 12. Used for a long time: the wind knows the grass, and the board swings to know the loyal minister; 13. Usual essence: I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but toward which corner of the mountain; 14. for personal practice: I feel shallow on paper and don't know if it needs to be done; 15. used for beauty everywhere: if you want to compare the west lake to the west lake, it is always appropriate to wear light makeup and heavy makeup; 16. Used to be smart: the organization is too smart and missed the green life; 17. Used for objective laws: the green hills can't be covered, after all, they flow eastward; 18. Used for a new look: the east wind is easy to recognize and the color is always spring; 19. Used for deep maternal love: but how much love an inch of long grass has, and it returns to Sanchunhui; 20. I used to be familiar with life: everything is clear and knowledgeable, and human feelings are refined into articles; 2 1. Used for unprecedented: Where were those lost times before me? Behind me, where are the future generations? ; 22. Used for novelty and ingenuity: I don't know who cut the thin leaves, and the spring breeze in February is like scissors; 23. Used in a humorous environment: cicada forest is quiet, while Tonamiyama is quiet; 24. used for majestic: how the water of the Yellow River moves out of heaven and into the ocean, never to return; You can stay on the moon for nine days, and you can catch turtles in the five oceans; 25. Used for the disparity between the rich and the poor: the wine in Zhumen stinks and the road has frozen bones; 26. I used to have friends everywhere: know yourself in the sea, and heaven is still our neighbor; 27. Used for affection: Peach Blossom Pond is deep in thousands of feet, not as good as Wang Lunqing; 28. Used for the ups and downs of life: people have joys and sorrows, and the moon has ups and downs. This matter is ancient and difficult; 29. Used for internal and external troubles: When does the sun set? Helpless flowers fall; 30. Used for superior conditions: the bright moon gets the water tower first, and flowers and trees are easy to be spring in the sun; 3 1. Used for good omen: peach blossoms outside the bamboo are three or two, and the duck prophet in Chunjiang plumbing; 32. It is used to save lives: there is no doubt in the mountains and rivers, and there is another village; 33. Used for patriotism: Wang Beiding set the Central Plains Day, and the family sacrifice did not forget to tell Naiweng; 34. Valuable to death: Who has never died in life since ancient times, keep a pure heart and shine on history; 35. used for integrity: I am not afraid of being smashed, I want to remain innocent in the world; 36. Committed to exploration: the road is long and Xiu Yuan is awkward, and I will go up and down; 37. Used to choose words: sing a word and break a few stems; Two sentences in three years, one song and two tears; 38. Used in the same boat: We are all unhappy-until the end of time, we meet. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? ; 39. Accustomed to competing with each other: a little green, not many moving spring flowers; 40. foresight: once you climb to the top of the mountain, you will see that all the other mountains look short under the sky. ..
On the basis of classification, I guide students to pay attention to improving their application ability. The combination of oral practice and written practice, and the combination of in-class and out-of-class will help students improve their ability to use various forms of ancient poetry and famous sentences and add luster to argumentative papers.