1, comprehensive comparison method and social investigation method

(1) synthesis method. It can be roughly divided into "review" and "review". "Summary" requires that all the academic research results on a certain issue be summarized. The so-called "all" is relative, which can be the "all" of a certain stage or the "all" of a certain meeting. The "review" requires comments on this basis.

To choose this kind of topic, we must first fully possess the information, scientifically summarize and classify it realistically. When evaluating the achievements of others, try to be objective and fair, without emotion; When expressing opinions, you should have original opinions and be well-founded.

(2) Comparative method. First of all, we must confirm that the objects are comparable, that is, they belong to the same category or the same condition and the same relationship. There are both vertical and horizontal comparisons. Vertical ratio is historical comparison, that is, comparing the specific changes of the same thing in different times, such as the evolution of Confucianism in different historical periods, and horizontal ratio is the comparison of different specific things under the same standard, determining their similarities and differences, and exploring their reasons.

For example, studying the similarities and differences between the two representative legends of the Qing Dynasty, The Palace of Eternal Life and Peach Blossom Fan, is a horizontal comparison.

(3) Social investigation method. The ultimate goal of this paper is to serve the society. The determination of the topic should be based on social needs, pay attention to social investigation, collect first-hand information from social practice, discard the rough and select the fine, discard the false and retain the true, upgrade perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge, and finally establish the topic. Really choose topics from practice and serve practice.

2. Heuristic methods for material extraction and simulation verification.

(1) material extraction method. The more reading materials, the better. Be diligent in doing things, think carefully and classify them. It is necessary to find out what problems need to be solved urgently in this discipline and which are the focus of debate in this discipline. After repeated pondering and refining, it has formed its own topic.

(2) Hypothetical verification method. Refers to the method of thinking first, and then determining the topic through reading materials and verification. According to my usual observation and study, I initially determined the scope of the topic, and then read a lot of materials to understand the academic discussion. For example, a graduate student discussed how state-owned enterprises get out of the predicament with the topic of "Theoretical analysis and practical discussion on asset reorganization of enterprises in China", which was determined on the basis of collecting a large number of cases of success or failure of asset reorganization of state-owned enterprises.

(3) Heuristic method. In teaching, teachers combine classroom knowledge with extracurricular reading to inspire graduate students' views, basis and methods on a certain issue, so that they can find a suitable topic. For example, when teachers teach marketing theory, students are deeply inspired and think of the successful experience of strengthening brand management in an enterprise, thus determining the topic of "rethinking enterprise brand strategy"

3, backtracking method

This method starts with the result or current situation of things, carries out reverse thinking, traces back to the source, finds the root of contradictions and determines the topic. For example, most of the research papers on A Dream of Red Mansions are mainly comments by Zhi Yanzhai. Further analysis and comparison show that these comments are suspicious and contradictory. For example, the fifth comment on the earliest known manuscript "A Preface to the Dragon" (1754), the story of Chiyanzhai re-evaluating the stone wrote: "The author regards his daughter as a treasure. I wonder. Does her daughter know now?

I cry for the author's infatuation, and I hate my daughter who has recently given up on herself. "Its tone obviously comes from the descendants of different times from the" book writer ". However, according to a lot of criticism, Zhi Yanzhai is a close friend who is older than the author and participates in the revision, proofreading and copying of the novel.

For example, at the end of the thirteenth comment, it was written: "Qin Keqing mourned for Tianxianglou, and the author used the pen of history. Because the old man has a soul, he entrusted two things to Xifeng Jia's family ... because he ordered Xiqin to delete it. " Among them, "Western Qin" is Cao Xueqin. 1754, Cao Xueqin was in his thirties, and the approver of this book called himself an "antique". This is its contradiction. Suspicious points, such as: At the end of the first round of the JOE edition, some people criticized: "After reading Zhi Yan Zhai JOE, we will still use the Story of the Stone."

It was not until 30 years later (1784) that the first batch of 80 manuscripts named after A Dream of Red Mansions appeared. Previously, the title of all manuscripts was "The Story of the Stone". But in the fifth edition of JOE, there is such a criticism: "The speaker should read A Dream of Red Mansions in this way, not to mention its moral."

How to explain the above problems? We can use the "backtracking method" to investigate JOE's discovery. 1928 February, Hu Shi published an article claiming that he had bought off JOE and published his research results on JOE. However, Hu kept the book and its source secret for more than 30 years, until Taiwan Province Province photocopied the book at 196 1. He said, "I was so negligent at that time that I didn't write down the name and address of the seller and didn't correspond with him, so I didn't know the history of this book in recent decades."

On this basis, some redologists put forward the authenticity of fat criticism, which attracted the attention of academic circles. If you choose this topic, you might as well name it "Fat Batch Case Study".