With the rapid development of economy and industry, people are increasingly aware of the two negative effects of human activities on the environment: environmental pollution and ecological destruction. Therefore, a new discipline-environmental geotechnical engineering came into being. It is both an applied engineering and a sociology. It is a new interdisciplinary subject combining technology with politics, economy and culture.
1. Definition of environmental geotechnical engineering
The term environmental geotechnical engineering originated from1the first international symposium on environmental geotechnical engineering hosted by Professor Fang Xiaoyang, a Chinese American from the Department of Civil Engineering, Caspian University, Pennsylvania, USA in April, 1986. In his famous paper Introduction to Environmental Geological Technology, environmental geotechnical engineering is defined as "interdisciplinary marginal science, covering the problems of soil and rock and their interaction in various environments such as atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and earth microbial sphere", which mainly studies the engineering properties of soil-water system under different environmental cycles.
2. Environmental geotechnical engineering is a discipline that studies and applies the concept of geotechnical engineering to environmental protection. This is an interdisciplinary frontier discipline, covering a wide range, including meteorology, hydrology, geology, agriculture, chemistry, medicine, engineering and so on.
The research contents of environmental geotechnical engineering can be roughly divided into three categories: (1) environmental engineering. Mainly refers to the use of geotechnical engineering methods to resist environmental problems caused by natural disasters. For example: anti-desertification, floods, landslides, mudslides, earthquakes, tsunamis and so on. These problems are usually called environmental problems. (2) Environmental sanitation engineering. Mainly refers to the use of geotechnical engineering methods to resist environmental problems caused by various chemical pollution. For example, the treatment of various municipal wastes and sludge. (3) Some environmental problems caused by human engineering activities. For example, when piling in dense buildings, the surrounding living environment is affected by squeezing soil, vibration and noise; Dewatering and slope displacement during deep foundation pit excavation. Content and classification of environmental geotechnical engineering research
3. Basic viewpoints and research methods of environmental geotechnical engineering research.
3. 1 basic view
(1) The scope of geotechnical engineering practice is the earth's surface. The earth is a subsystem of the universe, and its changes are influenced by other subsystems. There is an exchange of material and energy between them, which is an open system. (2) Limited resources. We only have one earth, and with the growth of population, the resources are less and less relative to the population, so we should implement the strategy of sustainable development, and we can't use it blindly and plunderly to prevent adverse effects on the environment; (3) Human unplanned activities will destroy human beings themselves; (4) Nature is constantly changing, and some of it directly harms human beings. Conversely, if human beings want to avoid harm, they must take measures; (5) Although geotechnical engineering has brought some negative effects, it is caused by the one-sidedness of human understanding and historical limitations. So all environmental geotechnical engineering problems can be solved in theory, but it depends on the improvement of people's environmental awareness, the progress of geotechnical engineering technology and the perfection of legal system construction.
3.2 Research methods
Environmental geotechnical engineering is a systematic engineering. It involves many disciplines, so we should focus on the intersection between disciplines and analyze and solve problems from a dialectical point of view. Secondly, the viewpoint of geotechnical engineering is applied to improve the environment, making it more in line with human survival needs.
4. The relationship between environmental geotechnical engineering and related disciplines
The disciplines related to environmental geotechnical engineering include: engineering geology, geotechnical mechanics, geotechnical engineering, geological engineering and environmental engineering geology. The basic theory of engineering geology is geology, and the theory guiding it is mainly the viewpoint of natural history 1. Its basic theory is that geological genesis and evolution process determine the engineering characteristics of geological bodies. Accordingly, the research method is to explore the geological environment when geological bodies are produced, and the geological function and evolution process of geological bodies, so as to understand and grasp the composition, structure and development law of geological bodies as a whole, and further explore and predict their performance and engineering behavior under the action of engineering buildings. Engineering geology serves buildings designed and built by human beings. This application determines the characteristics of engineering geology, such as edge, intersection and comprehensiveness. The so-called marginality means that it is located in the outer layer of the geological discipline and adjacent to the engineering discipline. The so-called intersection means that the theories, concepts and methods of engineering disciplines are constantly absorbed in the development of their disciplines and combined with geology. The so-called comprehensiveness means that engineering geology aims at solving problems and carries out comprehensive work with the help of the achievements of various basic disciplines of geology. Geotechnical mechanics, geotechnical engineering and engineering geology have great similarities in research objects and objectives, and they are closely adjacent disciplines. Geotechnical mechanics belongs to the edge of mechanics discipline, and geotechnical engineering belongs to the edge of engineering discipline. Although the geological understanding of rock and soil is an important basis for establishing the mechanical model and constitutive relation of rock and soil, rock and soil mechanics is more inclined to the mechanical research after model and modeling. Geotechnical engineering is a part of engineering discipline that regards geotechnical engineering as engineering structure. However, compared with other mechanics or engineering disciplines, geotechnical mechanics and geotechnical engineering need the support of more geological disciplines, or more need to be combined with geological disciplines.
5. Research status of environmental geotechnical engineering
With the emergence of public hazards in 1950s and 1960s, people have been exploring and reflecting and gained a basic understanding. At present, the research on environmental geotechnical engineering abroad mainly focuses on the nature, theory and control of garbage soil and polluted soil, but it has made great progress in China. According to the problems involved at present, it can be summarized into two categories: the first category is the interaction between human beings and the natural environment. The motivation of such problems is mainly caused by natural disasters. Such as earthquake disaster, soil degradation, flood disaster and greenhouse effect. These problems are usually called big environmental problems. The second category is the interaction between human life, production and engineering activities and the environment. Its motivation is mainly human beings themselves. For example, the harm of toxic and harmful wastes such as urban garbage, industrial production wastewater, waste liquid and waste residue to the ecological environment; The impact of engineering construction activities such as piling, dynamic compaction, foundation pit excavation and shield construction on the surrounding environment; Land subsidence caused by excessive pumping of groundwater and so on. These problems are collectively referred to as small environmental problems.
6. Development prospect of environmental geotechnical engineering
After 1990s, China entered a period of large-scale engineering construction. Starting from the coastal areas, we will gradually expand inland and build high-rise buildings, subways, road traffic, tunnels, etc. The acceleration of urbanization constantly poses new challenges to environmental geotechnical engineering. At the same time, the changes of natural environment, the frequent occurrence of earthquakes and floods, the intensification of greenhouse effect, soil erosion, soil degradation and other major environmental problems have also triggered a series of new environmental geotechnical engineering problems. Compared with developed countries, geotechnical engineers in China are facing more arduous tasks. On the one hand, China is in the period of large-scale engineering construction, and there are many engineering problems to be solved; On the other hand, based on the requirements of sustainable development, we are facing severe environmental protection and governance problems. In environmental geotechnical engineering, the following problems should be studied and solved in the next few years. Among them, western problems include ecological environment construction and protection, regional stability and underground engineering. Eastern problems, including unstable ground deformation in big cities, suspended river resources, water environment and so on. The urgent problems to be solved in some applications are: (1) the design of sanitary landfill; Evaluation of regional environmental geotechnical engineering problems in large-scale engineering construction; Geotechnical engineering problems that urban construction affects the environment; Application of geotechnical engineering means in environmental treatment, etc.
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