Thesis of insurance major Part I: Thesis of insurance major Keywords: insurance industry, property insurance, development history and practical significance
This paper systematically combs the historical context of the emergence, development and growth of Guangxi property insurance industry, puts forward a basic understanding of this historical process, and analyzes the outstanding problems existing in the current development of property insurance industry, which provides another perspective for correctly understanding the development situation of property insurance industry.
The operation of Guangxi property insurance originated at the beginning of last century, and has gone through nearly 100 years. Reviewing the history of the emergence, development and expansion of Guangxi property insurance industry, especially the course of the property insurance industry in the 60 years since the founding of New China, is of great significance for us to correctly view the development status of Guangxi property insurance industry.
First, the historical review of the development of Guangxi property insurance industry
With the changes of economy and society, the development history of Guangxi property insurance industry can be roughly divided into five stages according to time periods.
The first stage: from the early Republic of China in the last century to 1949. 19 14. The establishment of a communication office in Wuzhou by Shanghai Lianbao Company and American North American Insurance Company is the beginning of property insurance business in Guangxi. During this period, although the development of property insurance in Guangxi was in the ascendant, due to the poor national economic foundation, the current situation was turbulent, warlords were fighting, the types of insurance were relatively single, and the business volume was relatively small. In order to meet the needs of preventing transportation risks, various institutions have launched water insurance, transportation insurance, motor fire insurance and military insurance and other related businesses, which have promoted economic operation to a certain extent.
Phase II: 1950 to 1958. 1950 In April, China People's Insurance Company Guangxi Branch was established, which operated both property insurance and life insurance business, marking the beginning of PICC business. The property insurance business at that time was mainly enterprise property insurance and cargo transportation insurance. Because compulsory insurance is mainly implemented, the insurance coverage is relatively high. For example, by the end of 1952, there were ***247 1 insured units in Guangxi, and the participation rate reached 85%. However, in? Left? Under the influence of ideological trend, the insurance business in Guangxi from 65438 to 0958 was closed one after another, and the insurance institutions were cancelled one after another. Generally speaking, at this stage, what we are facing is the legacy of the Kuomintang government? A mess? As an important economic management department at that time, insurance companies played an active role in supporting Guangxi's economic recovery and promoting socialist transformation.
The third stage: 1980 to 1989. 1978 The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made a new decision to carry out reform and opening up, initiated a new process of rural reform, and the insurance industry ushered in new development opportunities. 1980? 1989, Guangxi insurance industry recovered quickly after 22 years' interruption. In the past ten years, the property insurance business has grown from scratch and the types of insurance have been further enriched. In the past ten years, Guangxi's property insurance premium income has increased from 3 1980 to 1989, with an average annual increase of 57%.
The fourth stage: 1990 to 2002. 199 1 June, 1994 and1June, 1994, China Pacific Insurance Company Nanning Agency Company and China Ping An Insurance Company Nanning Office (later renamed Nanning Branch) were established one after another, and Guangxi insurance industry entered the competition stage from then on. 1998 to 2002, according to the principle of separation of production and life insurance established by the insurance law, three insurance companies in Guangxi successively completed the separation of production and life insurance institutions, and the specialized operation of Guangxi property insurance industry was formally formed. During this period, the property insurance products have been continuously enriched and the product classification has been more detailed, which has met the needs of accelerated economic and social development in Guangxi. In 2002, Guangxi property insurance industry realized premium income of 65.438+0.48 billion yuan, which was more than five times higher than 65.438+0.990. Among them, 1990? The accumulated premium income of199 was 7.83 billion yuan, which was 4 times that of1/kloc-0 in the previous decade. The service ability and level of Guangxi property insurance industry have been greatly improved.
The fifth stage: from 2003 to present. Since the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Guangxi's economic and social development has entered a new stage, the per capita income level has been gradually improved, and the consumption structure of residents has been continuously upgraded. Guangxi property insurance industry has further accelerated its development, with a wider service network and wider coverage. By the end of 2008, there were 14 property insurance market entities and 1 133 branches in Guangxi, and a coordinated development property insurance market system covering urban and rural areas, state-owned companies and joint-stock companies was taking shape. In 2008, the whole industry provided property risk protection 1.28 trillion yuan to the society, including 984,000 vehicles, and the insurance coverage rate reached 87.77%.
Second, the understanding of the development history of Guangxi property insurance industry
The development history of Guangxi property insurance industry is not only a history of expanding business scale and its own strength, but also a history of self-adjustment and upgrading. The recent 100 years, especially the 60 years since the founding of New China, fully shows that the property insurance industry can achieve sound and rapid development only by adapting to the requirements of economic and social development and constantly reforming and innovating. This is the basic conclusion we can draw by reviewing the development history of Guangxi property insurance industry. There are four main reasons:
First of all, the emergence of Guangxi property insurance industry is the necessity of economic and social development. Commercial insurance is the product of the development of commodity economy to a certain stage. Wuzhou, the birthplace of Guangxi's property insurance industry, was established as an x~#t trading port in 1897, and gradually developed into the largest inland river port and commercial port in Guangxi, with a total export value exceeding half of Guangxi's total export value. It was the city with the strongest economic strength in Guangxi before liberation in the last century. Wuzhou at that time? The big stern is connected to the small bow, and the accent is endless? Large businessmen such as Yunnan-Guizhou-Sichuan Gang, Guangbang and Xiangbang gather, commodity production and exchange are increasingly prosperous, social professional division of labor is becoming more and more detailed, and various risks, especially freight risks, are becoming more and more concentrated. Naturally, the property insurance industry was first born in Guangxi.
Secondly, the change of Guangxi property insurance market pattern has adapted to the requirements of economic and social development. In the early days of liberation, insurance companies existed as economic management departments. 195 1 year, after the central government promulgated the "Decision on Compulsory Property Insurance and Passenger Insurance for State Organs, State-owned Enterprises and Cooperatives", the Guangxi Provincial Government issued a circular requesting compulsory insurance in the whole province on schedule. Visible, in the background at that time, the insurance company to a large extent to fulfill the financial? Safeguard function? . Since it is to perform the functions of state organs, exclusive monopoly is a matter of course. After the recovery of the insurance industry in 1980s, with the deepening of the reform of the market economic system, PICC has gradually transformed into an independent and self-financing market entity. At the same time, access to the insurance market has been gradually liberalized, and great progress has been made in opening up. A number of joint-stock property insurance companies have entered the Guangxi market one after another, and the insurance business has also completed the transformation of specialized management of property insurance and life insurance business. The transformation of property insurance management from monopoly to competition, and from mixed operation to specialization has just adapted to the requirements of the development of socialist market economy.
Third, the transformation of the business model of Guangxi property insurance industry has adapted to the requirements of economic system reform. In 1950s, under the background of planned economy, property insurance, as an important means of financial support and economic development, mainly underwrote corporate bodies. Therefore, it is generally promoted through administrative orders to force direct sales. This not only ensures the promotion of the three major socialist transformations, but also realizes the rapid development of the property insurance business itself. 1950, Guangxi's property insurance business realized premium income of16.5 million yuan in the first year, 2.087 million yuan in the second year, and the scale of property insurance business in Guangxi exceeded 5 million yuan. After the reform and opening up, the national security attribute of property insurance has gradually faded, and the characteristics of diversified, decentralized and personalized insurance demand have become increasingly obvious. For many years, the single direct selling method in the property insurance industry has been unable to meet the requirements of market development, and the compulsory promotion of most businesses is even more inconsistent with the principles of market economy. Therefore, it is imperative for the property insurance industry to explore and implement various marketing methods. In recent years, with the renewal of business philosophy and the progress of information network technology after death, new business development models such as personal marketing, professional agency, part-time agency, network marketing and telephone marketing have emerged continuously, which has promoted the further development of Guangxi property insurance industry.
Finally, the adjustment of insurance structure in Guangxi property insurance industry has adapted to the change of insurance demand. At the beginning of last century, Guangxi was in a pivotal position between the southwest and Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao department stores. Transportation industry, especially shipping industry, is relatively developed. At the same time, Guangxi's economy is relatively backward, and it also relies on transportation to ensure the supply of materials. Therefore, the transportation industry has become the lifeblood of Guangxi's economic development. At this time, the insurance industry mainly engaged in train and highway transportation insurance, water insurance, motor fire insurance and military insurance, which met the requirements of economic development at that time. In the early days of liberation, under the planned economy system, it was the central task of economic development at that time to carry out socialist transformation of urban industry and commerce and develop socialist industries. At this time, as the national economic management department, insurance companies mainly engage in enterprise property insurance and cargo transportation insurance, which has made positive contributions to the rapid recovery and development of the national economy. 1950? During the nine years from 65438 to 0958, the accumulated premium income of enterprise property insurance and cargo transportation insurance was 9.244 million yuan and 9.752 million yuan respectively, accounting for 35. 1% and 37% of the property insurance premium income in the same period. Since the reform and opening up, with the continuous increase of social wealth, the number of motor vehicles has increased year by year, and motor vehicle insurance has gradually become the main type of property insurance. 1986, motor vehicle insurance premium income reached ~1278.77 million yuan, accounting for 1: L 49.4%, which exceeded corporate property insurance (26 1 16000 yuan) for the first time, and it was called the largest type of property insurance. Since the 16th National Congress, with the substantial increase of private car ownership, the demand for motor vehicle insurance has further increased. In 2008, the motor vehicle insurance premium income in the whole region reached 3.05 billion yuan, accounting for more than 70%. It can be said that from the historical and economic point of view, the change of insurance structure of Guangxi property insurance industry is not only the requirement of economic and social development, but also the adaptation to the change of insurance demand, which has its inherent rationality.
Third, understand the development status of Guangxi property insurance industry.
At present, the development situation of Guangxi property insurance industry is generally good, but there are also some problems that cannot be ignored in the operation of the industry itself. In summary, what are the main problems? Four outstanding problems? : First, the problem of slow development. Compared with the whole country, the growth rate of Guangxi property insurance industry is still in the middle and lower level. 2004? In 2008, the average annual growth rate of premium income was 19.7%, which was 3.3 percentage points lower than the national average. In 2006, 2007 and 2008, the growth rate ranked 32nd, 20th and 25th respectively. The second is the problem of single insurance structure. In recent years, the proportion of auto insurance business has reached about 70%, and it is gradually increasing. The auto insurance business of some small and medium-sized companies accounts for more than 90%, while the proportion of corporate property insurance, transportation insurance, engineering insurance and liability insurance with increasing market demand is relatively low. The third is the problem of declining operating efficiency. Since the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the scale of premium income of Guangxi property insurance industry has expanded year by year, but it has not brought about the synchronous improvement of operating efficiency. The overall profitability of the industry has been declining, and some companies have been in a state of loss for a long time. Fourth, it is difficult to fundamentally improve the market order. Violations in some business areas are still repeated, and irrational competition between some areas and insurance products is still common.
Studying the development history of property insurance industry provides another perspective for calmly looking at the outstanding contradictions and problems existing in the development of Guangxi property insurance industry, and then comprehensively understanding the current development situation. As mentioned above, Guangxi property insurance industry has adapted to the requirements of economic and social development, constantly reformed and innovated, and promoted its rapid development. This law is not only a summary of history, but also suitable for understanding the development of the current industry.
(1) Guangxi's economy and society are constantly developing, adjusting and upgrading, while the market positioning of the property insurance industry is relatively vague, and the business coverage is not wide, which inhibits the growth potential.
Since the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the main body of Guangxi property insurance market has increased rapidly, gradually breaking the pattern of PICC P&C insurance, Pacific property insurance and Ping An property insurance? Three legs? Market situation. Small and medium-sized companies entering the market are generally limited to competing with established companies in traditional fields and regions, and their own business characteristics are not prominent. They have not formulated and implemented effective differentiated competitive strategies according to the economic and social development situation, and it is difficult for them to make breakthroughs and innovations in their business development.
(2) The demand of insurance consumers is increasingly diversified, the risk management ability of the property insurance industry is not strong, and the level of specialized operation is not high, resulting in relatively single business operation.
With the continuous progress of Guangxi's economy and society and the continuous upgrading of residents' consumption, insurance consumers have put forward higher requirements for the service level of the property insurance industry, requiring not only a wider range of services, but also a higher degree of service refinement. However, the property insurance industry did not make timely adjustments in terms of ideas, talents and management, which led to the business development more and more concentrated on a single type of insurance.
(3) Guangxi's economic and social development provides a broad market for the development of property insurance, while the competition field in the property insurance industry is too narrow, which leads to a gradual decline in operating efficiency and it is difficult to fundamentally improve the market order.
The convergence of business operations of property insurance companies will inevitably lead to the continuous decline of their respective profit levels, which is due to the laws of market economy. At the same time, the increasingly fierce market competition makes some companies have to take irrational measures to compete for the market, and it is inevitable that illegal acts will be difficult to cure at one time.
In a word, the outstanding contradictions and problems in the development of Guangxi property insurance industry ultimately stem from the failure to meet the requirements of local economic and social development and progress. If this situation cannot be effectively improved, it will not be conducive to the scientific development of Guangxi property insurance industry.
In recent years, Guangxi has proposed? Accelerate the construction to become a new highland of international regional economic cooperation and a new pole of China's coastal economic development? Grand goals, and constantly introduce major measures in industrial clusters, transportation facilities and the construction of Beibu Gulf Economic Zone, which is the background and trend of Guangxi's current economic and social development. Guangxi property insurance industry must firmly grasp the general direction of economic and social reform and development, constantly break through the shackles of old ideas, find a correct strategic positioning, explore development ideas, improve management level and strengthen talent accumulation in order to continue to maintain a good development momentum.
References:
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