Civil engineering is a comprehensive subject, involving a wide range. Generally speaking, the construction of engineering facilities must go through three stages: survey, design and construction. It is necessary to apply engineering geological survey, hydrogeological survey, engineering survey, soil mechanics, engineering mechanics, engineering design, building materials, construction equipment, engineering machinery, construction economics and other disciplines, as well as knowledge in construction technology, construction organization and other fields, as well as computer and mechanical testing. Therefore, with the progress of science and technology and the development of engineering practice, civil engineering has developed into a comprehensive system with wide connotation, numerous categories and complex structure. The construction of an engineering facility generally goes through three stages: survey, design and construction, which requires the use of knowledge, construction technology, construction organization and other technologies in the fields of engineering geological survey, hydrogeologic survey, engineering survey, soil mechanics, engineering mechanics, engineering design, building materials, construction equipment, engineering machinery, construction economics, as well as electronic computers and mechanical tests. Therefore, civil engineering is a comprehensive subject, involving a wide range. With the progress of science and technology and the development of engineering practice, the discipline of civil engineering has also developed into a comprehensive system with wide connotation, numerous categories and complex structure. Civil engineering develops with the development of human society. The engineering facilities it built reflect the development of social economy, culture and science and technology in various historical periods, so civil engineering has become one of the witnesses of social and historical development. In ancient times, people began to build simple houses, roads, bridges and gullies to meet the needs of simple life and production. Later, people built cities, canals, palaces, temples and other buildings to meet the needs of war, production and life and religious communication. Many famous engineering facilities show the creativity of human beings in this historical period. For example, the Great Wall in China, Dujiangyan, the Grand Canal, the wooden pagodas in Zhao Zhouqiao and Yingxian, the Egyptian pyramids, the Parthenon in Greece, the water supply project in Rome, the Colosseum in Rome, and many other famous churches and palaces. After the industrial revolution, especially in the 20th century, on the one hand, society put forward new demands for civil engineering; On the other hand, all fields of society have created good conditions for the progress of civil engineering. Therefore, civil engineering in this period has developed by leaps and bounds. Large-scale modern industrial workshops, skyscrapers, nuclear power plants, roads and railways, long-span bridges, large-diameter transportation pipelines and long tunnels, grand canals, dams, large airports, large seaports and marine projects have emerged all over the world. Modern civil engineering constantly creates a brand-new material environment for human society and becomes an important part of modern civilization of human society.