Appreciation of Goat Tongguan Nostalgia: "The peaks are like gathering, the waves are like anger, and the mountains and rivers are inside and outside Tongguan Road." The vivid metaphor highlights the magnificence of mountains and rivers and lays a tragic and gloomy emotional tone for the whole song. A road that has experienced historical ups and downs evokes the author's nostalgia for the past. This not only points out the meaning of the problem, but also is full of emotion. "Looking to the west means the future". These two sentences are more meaningful. The author looks west at Chang 'an, the capital of the Han and Tang Dynasties, and has infinite feelings about the difference between the prosperity in history and the present. The national consciousness is vaguely revealed here, that is, the Han nationality's thoughts and feelings about pursuit are extremely complicated in its prosperous period. It is natural to associate Chang 'an Road with the rise and fall of Qin and Han Dynasties. The author highlights the word "sad", which adds infinite desolation and sadness to this involuntary association. Obviously, Tongguan is nostalgic, but it has expanded its vision to the road from Tongguan to Xijing. It is related to the flight of hungry people in Guanzhong. They walked in groups and struggled on the road. The author did not write about refugees directly, but wrote about the past rise and fall of this place, which is more convincing than words. The palaces, pavilions, dance halls and song platforms in the Qin and Han Dynasties have all disappeared, leaving only depressions at present. What is emphasized here is the contrast between history and reality. "Xing, surnamed bitter; Death, the people suffer! " From the understanding and thinking of history, the author summarizes and refines a simple but distinct and profound thought: whether it is prosperity or death, it is the common people who suffer. This is the sublimation of the author's concern for people's sufferings. The question is simple but sharp. It seems simple, but it shows the author's great courage and courage. Expressed the author's infinite deep sympathy for the people and extremely strong indignation against the rulers. This is a very warning and incisive summary and summary of the whole song. Appreciation of Water Tune Songs When did the bright moon appear? I asked the sky with a cup. The fairy palace in the sky doesn't know what age it is. It is said that there are only a few days in the celestial world and thousands of years underground, so I ask questions. I want to ride the wind to the sky (it seems that I came down from heaven to earth, so I say "go home", but I am afraid that the beautiful moon palace made of jade can't stand the cold in the sky (it is said that the palace in the middle of the month is called Guanghan Palace). In imagination, dancing to the moon and clearing the shadows with people are like riding a cloud against the wind, and being in the sky is not like being on earth! The moon is turning and shining on the magnificent pavilions. At night, the moonlight shines on people who are too preoccupied to sleep through low carved doors and windows. Since the moon is full, there should be no hatred, but why do people often reunite after they leave? People's experiences have joys and sorrows; As for the moon, it will also encounter yin, eyes, circle and lack; This situation, since ancient times, is rarely perfect. I just hope we all live a long and healthy life. Although we are thousands of miles apart, we can enjoy the beautiful moonlight together. Appreciation of Crossing the Dingding Ocean After a tough battle, the situation was sparse. The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating, and life experiences are ups and downs. The beach of fear says fear, and there is a sigh in the ocean. Since ancient times, no one has died in life, leaving a heart that shines through history. This is an immortal poem. At the beginning of the poem, review your life. It is intended to imply that no matter what difficulties and hardships, you are tempered and fearless. Then I described my combat career: I spent four years in a desolate cold war environment. Linking personal destiny with the rise and fall of the country. Three or four sentences continue to express the development of the situation and the deep sadness and anger from both the country and the individual. This couplet is neat and the metaphor is appropriate, which truly reflects the social reality and the poet's experience at that time. The national disaster, personal bumpy experience and all kinds of pains tormented the poet's feelings, which made his words doubly sad. Five or six lamentations are deeper, once again showing the poet's painful inner trembling because of the collapse of the country and his distress with typical events in his encounter. The last two sentences converge the whole article with great momentum, and write a heroic oath that would rather die than surrender, meaning that since ancient times, has there been an immortal body in life? As long as we can make this patriotic loyalty shine in the history books. This famous saying, which has been told through the ages, is a hymn of an ideal life written by the poet with his own blood and life. The whole poem is gloomy and tragic in style, and it is a great patriotic poem that touches the world and makes the gods cry. The appreciation of "Red Cliff" didn't sell, so I learned from it. If the east wind is not convenient for Zhou Yu, I'm afraid the outcome will be Cao Cao's victory and Er Qiao's detention in Tongquetai. This poem was written by the author after passing through the famous ancient battlefield Chibi (now Chiji Mountain in the southwest of Wuchang County, Hubei Province) and feeling the success or failure of heroes in the Three Kingdoms period. Poetry is based on place names, but in fact they are poems about the past and history. Battle of Red Cliffs, which took place in October, 13th year of Jian 'an of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty (2008), was a major battle that played a decisive role in the historical situation of the three kingdoms. As a result, Sun and Liu were defeated, and Zhou Yu, the 34-year-old commander-in-chief of Sun Wu, was the most important person in this battle. At the beginning of the poem, an antique is used to arouse the lament of people and things in the previous dynasty. A broken halberd left by that war sank into the underwater sand. More than 600 years have passed without being eroded by time, and now it has been discovered. After some polishing and washing, it proved to be a relic of Battle of Red Cliffs, which could not help but arouse "nostalgia". From this incident, the poet thought of the split and turbulent era at the end of the Han Dynasty, the significant battles, and the main figures in the life-and-death struggle. These first two sentences are the reasons for writing your feelings. The last two sentences are arguments. Battle of Red Cliffs and Zhou Yu defeated the outnumbered enemy with fire attack, but he was able to use fire attack because of the strong east wind at the decisive moment. Therefore, the poet commented on the reasons for the success or failure of this war, and only chose the winner at that time-Zhou Lang and the factor he relied on to win-Dongfeng to write. Because of the key to this victory, he finally had to return to Dongfeng, so he put Dongfeng in a more important position. However, he didn't describe how Dongfeng helped Zhou Lang win, but wrote from the opposite side: If Dongfeng didn't bring convenience to Zhou Lang this time, the outcome would be transposed and the historical situation would be completely changed. Therefore, I will write the hypothetical situation after Sun and Liu defeated after the victory. However, it does not directly describe the changes in the political and military situation, but only indirectly depicts the fate that two famous Wu Dong beauties will bear. If Cao Cao wins, then Da Qiao and Xiao Qiao will be robbed and put in a bronze sparrow terrace for him to enjoy. (Tongquetai is in Yexian County, which was the capital of Wei when Cao Cao sealed the king of Wei. The old place is in the west of Linzhang County, Hebei Province. Later poetics also had some comments on what Du Mu said in this poem. Hua, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said: "Tu Mu's poem" Red Cliff "said that the red cliff should not be set on fire, which made Cao Gong seize the bronze sparrow terrace set up by Er Qiao. Sun Shi thinks this is the First World War. I don't care about the survival of society, I'm afraid of being caught by Er Qiao. I clearly don't know likes and dislikes. " This shallow and rude criticism has aroused many people's opposition. For example, the Summary of Siku said: "(Xu) satirized Du Mu's poem" Red Cliff "without saying the survival of the country, but for Er Qiao, I don't know that it was Sun Ce's wife, Xiao Qiao was Zhou Yu's wife, and they entered Wei, that is, Wu died. The poet didn't want to be qualitative, so he changed his words. " This is very correct. It is precisely because these two women are not ordinary people, but belong to the highest class ladies in the Soochow ruling class. Da Qiao was the wife of Sun Ce, the former leader of Dongwu, and Sun Quan, the leader of Dongwu at that time, while Xiao Qiao was the wife of Zhou Yu, the military commander who led all the land and water armies of Dongwu to fight against Cao Cao. Although they had nothing to do with this campaign, their status and status represented the dignity of Dongwu as an independent political entity. Wu Dong is not dead, they can never be attributed to Cao Cao; Even if they are humiliated, Wu Dong's social and biological experience can be imagined. Therefore, the poet described Cao Cao's arrogance after his victory and Wu Dong's humiliation after his defeat in the case of "the east wind is not as convenient as Zhou Lang" with a poem like "a bronze sparrow locks Er Qiao in the spring", which is extremely powerful. It not only sets off the hero with beauty, but also reflects Zhou Lang in the previous sentence, showing more affection. Poetry creation must use image thinking, and image language is the direct reality of image thinking. According to Xu's opinion, we can also rewrite the sentence "The Bronze Birds Lock Er Qiao in Spring" as "The country broke the people and died here". Although there is no difference between level and rhyme, there is no poetry at all. Observing life with thinking in images and creatively reflecting life are the life of poetry. In this poem, Du Mu used the vivid poem "A Bronze finch is deep in spring", that is, seeing the big from the small, which is his unique success in artistic treatment. In addition, some poetry theorists have noticed that this poem overemphasizes the role of Dongfeng, does not praise Zhou Yu's victory positively, but assumes his failure from the opposite side. How to interpret Huan Wen's "Textual Research on Poetry in Past Dynasties" cloud: "Mu Zhi means that it is fortunate to succeed, and almost the country is not guaranteed." Yao Wang Qu's "Three Hundred Tang Poems" also said: "Du Mu is good at the art of war, but this poem seems to have some shortcomings." These views are worth thinking about. Du Mu is a talented person who helps the world and is familiar with politics and military affairs. He had a clear understanding of the struggle situation between the central government and the buffer region, and between the Han nationality and Tubo, and put forward some useful suggestions to the court. It's hard to imagine that Monk knew that "the weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as human harmony" during the Warring States Period, but Du Mu also attributed Zhou Yu's victory in Battle of Red Cliffs to the accidental east wind. I'm afraid he wrote this way because he is conceited and knows soldiers, and he used historical events to vent his depression in his chest. It also implies Ruan Ji's lament that "when there is no hero, the vertical axis becomes famous", but the language is vague and not easy to see. See you at the first meal in Lotte Yangzhou. This is a famous sentence in ancient poetry appreciation. In the second year of Tang Jingzong Baoli (826), the poet returned to Luoyang, passing through Yangzhou, and met Bai Juyi, who stopped the Suzhou secretariat. During the dinner, Bai Juyi recited the poem "Drunken Gifts to Twenty-eight Ambassadors of Liu". Bai Juyi expressed his sympathy and grievance for Liu Yuxi's relegation in his poems. So Liu Yuxi wrote this poem to repay Bai Juyi. In his poems, Liu Yuxi first followed the phrase "I also know that being a talented person has lost too much in the past 23 years" in the white poem, expressing infinite bitterness and resentment at being demoted and abandoned. Then write my feelings of returning: the old friend has passed away, only endless nostalgia, and the personnel are completely different, and it feels like a lifetime ago. Infinite grief and disappointment can't help but arise. The poet then pushed aside and sank the boat, and Qian Fan entered the competition; Before a sick tree, a thousand trees strive for spring. Wash away the sad and depressed mood and show the impassioned spirit. The end of the couplet is not only a thank you for your concern, but also an encouragement to your friends, which shows the poet's firm will and optimistic spirit. The whole poem is sincere, gloomy and uninhibited, which not only embodies the profound philosophy of life, but also has a strong artistic appeal.