Generally speaking, optical sensors convert the intensity of external light into current, which is also commonly known as electrical signals. The central processor makes corresponding response through the change of corresponding electric signal. The general components of an optical sensor include a transmitter, a receiver and a detection circuit. Different optical sensors have different working principles.
First, the groove optical sensor.
This sensor uses one of the light emitters to emit a light beam, which passes through the light receiver to form a corresponding light groove. When the object we want to detect passes through the optical groove, it will cause corresponding light refraction and light reflection. At this time, the receiver will generate corresponding electrical signals, which will reflect the characteristics of the object to the central processor, and the central processor will make corresponding analysis and feed it back to the processing element.
Second, the opposite photoelectric sensor
This is the most commonly used optical sensor, which separates the transmitter and receiver from each other. Relatively large objects can be detected. Its principle is basically the same as that of the groove optical sensor, so it will not be described in detail here.
Thirdly, reflective photoelectric sensor.
This is to put the light emitter and the light receiver in the same device. Under normal circumstances, the light emitted by the light emitter is reflected by the light reflector on the photoelectric sensor to the receiver. If there is an object in the middle, it will produce a corresponding electrical signal. In this way, the corresponding electric control switch can be controlled. This whole action is the complete output switching signal of photoelectric switch.
Fourth, diffuse reflection optical switch.
This is the last optical sensor, which also combines the reflector and receiver in the same device. But there is no reflector in front of the receiver. Generally speaking, the light emitted by the transmitter cannot be found on the receiver. Only when the object blocks the light will the light be reflected, and part of the light will be reflected to the light receiver. At this time, the optical receiver receives the optical signal and converts the optical signal into a corresponding electrical signal.
The above is a detailed introduction to the working principles of various optical sensors. Although the principles of various optical sensors are different, they use the same concept.
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