Introduction of left-behind children
20 12 In September, the Ministry of Education announced that the number of children in compulsory education exceeded1260,000, and there were 22 million left-behind children in compulsory education. A series of bad things have happened in recent years. The incident of left-behind children makes people deeply analyze the problem psychology of left-behind children and increases the growth pressure of some left-behind children. In fact, not all left-behind children have only the bad side reported. Strong and optimistic, confident and sensible, naive and lively, and playful are also the portrayal of the real life of most left-behind children.
Children left behind
Superelevation ratio
According to the data of the fifth population census in 2000, there are nearly 20 million left-behind children in rural areas of China. Some experts have calculated that there are at least 43.9 million left-behind children under the age of 14. In some rural labor exporting provinces, the proportion of left-behind children in the total number of local children is as high as 18%-22%. The situation that both parents move out and their children can't live with their parents exceeds half of all left-behind children, accounting for 56.438+07%. The problem of left-behind children in rural areas caused by population mobility has become a social problem that cannot be ignored.
In order to fully understand the survival, development and social protection status of rural left-behind children, especially left-behind girls, the Love Duckling Fund of China Social Welfare Foundation entrusted Zhengzhou University and Lanzhou University to set up a joint research group. From September 20 14 to February 12 of the same year, the survival and development of left-behind girls in rural areas in six central and western regions of Sichuan, Yunnan, Henan, Gansu, Shaanxi and Hubei were investigated, and the "Left-behind Rural Areas in Central and Western China" was completed. * * * There are 6 1 12 rural girls included in the actual analysis, of which 49.346% are left behind.
Poor guardianship
According to statistics, more than 80% of left-behind children are under the guardianship of grandparents and the temporary guardianship of relatives and friends. The guardians of grandparents who are older and less educated are basically unable to coach and supervise their children's learning. Rural schools are limited and restricted by school conditions, teachers and teaching concepts, and provide insufficient special and effective education and care for the needs of left-behind children, and there is a lack of communication between schools and families. Poor family and school supervision has led to a considerable number of left-behind children being tired of learning, playing truant and dropping out of school. Left-behind children's academic performance and enrollment rate in junior high school education are lower than those in normal families. According to the research of Population and Development Research Center of China Renmin University, after entering junior high school, the enrollment rate of left-behind children dropped significantly, and the enrollment rate of left-behind children aged 14 was only 88%.
Lack of comfort
According to a survey in a county in the western labor exporting province, 70% of parents go home less than three times a year, and some even go home every few years 1 time; Nearly 30% left-behind children talk and communicate with their parents less than 1 time per month. Due to the long-term absence of parents, the emotional needs of left-behind children can not be met, and their psychological problems can not be properly channeled, which greatly affects their physical and mental health, forming a hidden danger of personality distortion, leading to some children's bad behavior habits, which is easy to produce psychological imbalance, moral anomie, behavior out of control and even criminal tendencies. A survey in a southern coastal province shows that 19.6% of left-behind children feel inferior to others, 1 1.4% feel discriminated against and 9.5% feel abandoned. A survey in a northern province shows that the proportion of left-behind children in juvenile delinquency has reached as high as 20%.
Neglect nursing
Guardianship responsibility is not implemented, guardians lack awareness of prevention, and children's protection ability is weak. Left-behind children in rural areas are vulnerable to accidental injuries and even become targets of criminals. Statistics from the public security department show that the first group of trafficked children is migrant children, and the second group is left-behind children. Girls are sexually assaulted and can't get timely help from their parents, which can easily lead to serious consequences.
Countermeasures for left-behind children
A multifaceted approach
The problem of left-behind children will be a long-term social problem with industrialization, urbanization and labor transfer. Solving this problem is related to the future population quality and labor force training, the coordinated development of rural economy and society, and the stability and sustainable development of society. Adhering to the people-oriented principle and conscientiously implementing the spirit of "Several Opinions on Promoting the Construction of a New Socialist Countryside" and "Several Opinions on Strengthening the Ideological and Moral Construction of Minors" of the Central Committee must be considered and resolved from the legal and institutional levels as a whole.
(a), local governments and education departments should be based on the local actual situation, reasonable adjustment of school layout, increase the intensity of boarding school construction, so that left-behind children live in schools as much as possible.
(2) Establish various forms of protection networks for left-behind children. For example, establish a family monitoring network with parents as the main body, a management network with grass-roots organizations as the main body, and a school assistance network with school teachers as the main body to provide counterpart assistance to left-behind children.
(3) adjust the population management system, gradually eliminate the differences in household registration, organically combine the problem of left-behind children with the problem of schooling for children of urban migrant workers, and implement migrant workers? Citizen treatment? , fundamentally solve the problem of left-behind children.
(4) Governments at all levels, especially the education department, should give some support and help, and the government should share the educational cost of left-behind children reasonably, and cancel the so-called borrowing fees and school selection fees.
(V) CCTV News: On the morning of the 27th, I visited poor households and left-behind children in rural areas in Jin Po Village, xiaohe town, Xunyang County, Ankang City, Shaanxi Province, which is a concentrated contiguous poverty-stricken area of the country, and talked with Yang Xiufeng, the father of left-behind children who went out to work.
Care is the most important thing.
Left-behind children are a huge group that cannot be ignored. In 2008, Guan Ying, a scholar at the Institute of Sociology of Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences, published a paper saying that according to the scale of floating population in China and the law of the ratio of street children to floating population in several typical cities, relevant officials of the Social Welfare Department of the Ministry of Civil Affairs estimated that there were about 1 10,000 street children in China. Left-behind children have become a new source, and experts say it is urgent to improve the help system.
Left-behind children, a word that attracts the attention of countless people, once again touched people's nerves. In early winter, netizens launched initiatives and actions to care for and help street children. China Internet? The reporter also walked into Datong County, Qinghai Province, to visit children in mountainous areas. I hope that at this time, Tang Ping, an associate researcher at Qinghai Academy of Social Sciences, will say that the problem of left-behind children is a family problem as well as a social problem. Let's take responsibility together and act bravely, just for the sake of the children's childhood, which is warmer and no longer ridiculous.
Five boys in Bijie, Guizhou, let them use their weak lives again? The sour name of left-behind children has touched our hearts severely. After the incident, Bijie demanded that the left-behind children in the city should be investigated one by one immediately, and a special relief fund for left-behind children should be set up to provide material guarantee for the work of left-behind children. Although after the sheep died, special assistance and material security were being repaired, but after all, it can also reflect the fear of life. However, for these children who grow up alone like weeds, I am afraid they lack more than material security.
It is really a painful and helpless realistic choice for parents to go out to work and leave their children in the countryside. Even children brought into the city by their parents have to face the dilemma of integration with the city in the face of strict urban-rural barriers. This problem is bound to exist for a long time. How to solve the problem of left-behind floating children is not something that a department or an institution can accomplish. They need the attention and efforts of the whole society, and they are eager for a predictable future.
At 6 o'clock in the morning, there were several loud noises from the stable, and the sky in Guizhou mountainous area was still covered with a hazy moonlight. Xiong Shouhui, 1 1 years old, has got up in the dark and is ready for school. This Miao village surrounded by mountains is called Labor Village, which belongs to Bazhai Town in the northeast of Bijie City. Two groups in the village/kloc-more than 0/00 households. There are 66 children in the village studying in Mudu Primary School, and the rest in the town school. It takes two hours to go back and forth. 1 1 year-old Xiong Shouhui has only a thin cotton-padded jacket and his hands are frostbitten. ......
20 12 12 14 at 7: 40 am, an accident happened. Min Yongjun, a villager from Zou Peng Village, Wenshu Township, Guangshan County, broke into the complete primary school in Chen Peng Village with a kitchen knife and chopped 23 students. It is understood that most of the hacked students are left-behind children. One of them, Chen Mei, a student aged 12, said that she was not afraid of pain, but just missed her mother.