How to write the opening report, specific model essay

Writing method of opening report (general)

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First, the significance and role of the opening report

The opening report is a topic selection plan written by the project leader on the basis of investigation and research, and submitted to the superior for approval after the project direction is determined. This paper mainly explains that this topic needs to be studied, and how to prepare it when conditions permit, which can also be said to be the demonstration and design of the topic. The opening report is an important link to improve the quality and level of topic selection.

The research plan is the work plan of the whole research after the subject is determined and before the formal research is carried out, which initially stipulates the specific contents and steps of all aspects of the research. The research scheme plays a key role in the smooth development of the whole research work, especially for people with less scientific research experience. A good scheme can avoid the situation that we don't know what to do next after a period of time, and ensure that the whole research work is carried out in an orderly way. It can be said that the level of research scheme is an important embodiment of the quality and level of a discipline.

Second, write the basic work that should be done in the research plan.

On the one hand, it is necessary to understand their basic structure and writing methods, but "if you want to learn poetry, your efforts are beyond poetry". It is important to do a lot of basic work before you can write a good opening report and research plan. First of all, we should know the basic situation of other people's research in this field. The most fundamental feature of research work is to be creative. If we are familiar with other people's research in this field, we will not repeat the path taken by others, but will engage in higher-level and more valuable things to study on the basis of other people's research. Secondly, we must master the basic theoretical knowledge related to our own topic, and the theoretical foundation is solid, so that the research work can have a solid foundation. Otherwise, without a theoretical basis, it will be difficult for you to study deeply and really create. Therefore, when conducting scientific research, we must collect information in various ways and strengthen theoretical study, so that we can have more confidence in writing reports and plans and make them more scientific and perfect.

Third, the structure and writing of the project research plan

The research project mainly includes the following aspects:

(a) the name of the project

Principal name is the name of the principal. This seems like a small problem, but in fact, when many people write a topic, they often write it inaccurately and inappropriately, thus affecting the image and quality of the whole topic. This is what most people call "just having children, not naming them". So, how to name the topic?

First, the name should be accurate and standardized.

Accuracy is the name of this subject. It is necessary to make it clear what the subject is and what the research object is. The title of the project must be consistent with the research content, neither too big nor too small. Summarize your research objects and problems accurately.

Standardization means that the use of words and sentence patterns should be standardized and scientific, and specious words, slogans and conclusion sentences should not be used. Because we are conducting scientific research, we should express our thoughts and opinions in scientific and standardized language. The topic is the problem we want to solve. This issue is being discussed and studied, and there can be no final tone.

Second, the name should be concise, not too long.

Whether it is a paper or a topic, the name should not be too long. Try not to use words if you can, generally no more than 20 words. I think the names in the application forms of various schools are relatively simple, so I won't say much.

(b) the purpose and significance of the study.

The purpose and significance of research is why we should study and study its value. This can generally be based on the actual needs, pointing out that there is this problem in reality, which needs to be studied and solved, and what practical role the research of this topic has, and then writing out the theoretical and academic value of the topic. These should be written more specifically and pertinently, and we should not shout slogans aimlessly. Don't write all the general slogans such as adhering to the party's educational policy, implementing quality education and improving the quality of education and teaching. The main contents include: (1) the relevant background of the study (the proposal of the subject): that is, what is the basis and inspiration of this study. ⑵ By analyzing the local (school) education and teaching practice, point out why we should study this topic, the value of the research and the problems to be solved.

(3) The history and present situation of this topic at home and abroad (literature review).

It should be standardized, and minor items can be omitted. Generally, it includes: mastering the breadth, depth and achievements of its research; Look for the problems that need further study, so as to determine the research platform (starting point), research characteristics or breakthrough point of this topic. Refer to the general project report.

(D) the guiding ideology of research

The guiding ideology is what direction should be adhered to and what requirements should be met on a macro level. This direction or requirement can be philosophical and political theory, the government's educational development plan, and the guiding opinions for studying problems. For a large-scale and long-term subject, if there is a clear guiding ideology in general, some directional errors in theoretical research can be avoided. Here, I would like to introduce a passage in the project guiding ideology written by He Laoshi in the research plan of "Foshan Education Modernization Process": "This study should be based on the requirements of the CPC Central Committee and the state, the decisions of the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government, the decisions of the Foshan Municipal Party Committee and the municipal government, and the national conditions, market conditions and the reality of Foshan's education reform and development, so as to reveal the laws and manifestations of Foshan's education modernization process and serve the practice of Foshan's education modernization." In addition, there is a copy for your reference. In the research and experimental scheme of the key project in the Ninth Five-Year Plan of Guangdong Province, the guiding ideology of the project is: "Insist on taking Marxism, Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping Theory as the guidance, proceed from the requirements of realizing the" two transformations "in China's economic field in 20 10 and the basic modernization of our province, and carry out all-round reform experiments and theoretical research on the related theoretical and practical problems of implementing quality education in primary and secondary school subject teaching. Effectively guide the majority of primary and secondary school teachers to deepen the reform of subject teaching, comprehensively implement the education policy, comprehensively improve the quality of education, promote the development of basic education in our province, and make contributions to building a strong education province in Guangdong. "

(5) the goal of the study.

The goal of the study is the specific goal to be achieved and the specific problem to be solved, that is, the predetermined goal to be achieved in this study: the goal of this study should be closely related to the topic, and the words should be accurate, concise and clear. Compared with the purpose and guiding ideology, the research goal is more specific, and it must be clearly written. Only when the goal is clear and specific can we know what the specific work direction is and what the research focus is, and our thinking will not be disturbed by various factors.

Common problems are: not writing research objectives; The target deduction is not strict; The target word is inaccurate; The goal is set too high, and the predetermined goal has not been studied or can not be studied. When determining the research objectives of the project, on the one hand, we should consider the requirements of the project itself, on the other hand, we should consider the actual working conditions and level of the research group.

(six) the basic content of the study

When we have the research goal of the subject, we must determine the specific content of our subject according to the goal, and the research content is more specific than the research goal. And a goal may be achieved through several aspects of research, which are not necessarily one-to-one correspondence. When we determine the research content, we often don't consider it very specifically. The research content written is particularly general and vague, and it is very unfavorable for our whole research to regard the purpose and significance of the research as the research content. So learn to break down the topic and do it bit by bit.

The basic contents generally include: (1) the definition of the subject name. Three points should be clarified as far as possible: research object, research problem and research method. ⑵ This topic studies the definitions of related theories, nouns, terms and concepts.

(7) Research methods.

1. This topic studies whether to set sub-topics. Each subproject should be relatively independent and form a project system. As a provincial and municipal project, it is best to set up sub-items. Form a whole school project research system.

2. Specific research methods can be selected from the following methods: observation, investigation, experiment, experience summary, case study, comparative study, literature and so on. To study the present situation of students' practical ability, we must be inseparable from the investigation method; To study how to optimize the personality of primary school students, experimental methods should be adopted; To study how to train young teachers, we can use the experience summary method; To study the educational countermeasures of students from poor families, case method can be used.

3. When determining the research methods, clearly describe "what to do" and "how to do it". If the survey method is needed, the purpose, task, object, scope, survey method, questionnaire design or source should be explained. It is best to attach a survey plan.

4. Promote the use of comprehensive research methods. A large project often needs many methods. A small project may be mainly one method, but other methods are also needed.

When we apply various methods, we must strictly follow the requirements of the methods, and we must do it with experience and common sense. For example, we need to know the situation through investigation, how to make a questionnaire and how to analyze it, instead of just sending a table, we just need to get some percentages and averages.

Highlight the action research method.

(8) Steps of research.

The step of project research is the arrangement of project research in time and order. The steps of research should fully consider the relationship and difficulty of research content. Generally, we should start with the basic problems and proceed in stages. There must be regulations on when each stage begins and ends. The main steps and time schedule of the study include: what stages are the whole study divided into; The starting and ending time of each stage; Research objectives and tasks to be completed in each stage; Main research steps in each stage; The timetable of research work this semester, etc.

(9) Form of research results

What this topic studies is what form of stage research results and final research results should be obtained. There are many forms, such as investigation report, experimental report, research report, paper, experience summary, survey scale, test scale, microcomputer software, teaching design, video tape and so on. Among them, investigation reports, research reports and papers are the most important manifestations of research results. The content and form of research results are different with different topics, but no matter what form, the research of the topic must have results, otherwise, the topic will not be completed.

(10) Organization and division of labor of research projects.

In the plan, the project leader, deputy leader, members of the research group and division of labor should be written. The leader of the research group is the person in charge of this topic. A research group should include people from three aspects, namely, people with power, people with insight and people with aspirations. If you have the right, you can get more support. If you have knowledge, the quality and level of the project will be higher. If you are interested, you can work hard and do it in a down-to-earth manner. The division of labor of the research group must be clear and reasonable, and strive to let everyone know their work and responsibilities, and can't eat the same pot. However, on the basis of division of labor, we should also pay attention to the cooperation of all staff, so that everyone can study and discuss together to overcome various difficulties and problems in the research process.

(eleven) other related issues or safeguard mechanisms.

Such as the activity time of the research group;

What relevant theories and knowledge to learn, how to learn, and what training to conduct or participate in;

How to ensure the normal research work;

Sources and raising of project funds;

How to win the support of relevant leaders and the guidance of experts;

How to communicate with peers outside school?

Fourth, pay attention to three points:

1. Learn to collect and obtain information. Attention everywhere is learning (accumulation).

2. Learn more. Brainstorm ideas and broaden your horizons (learn from them).

3. innovation. Climb high, see far and be creative (innovative)

Format of opening report

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Because the opening report is the general idea of the paper embodied in words, it doesn't need to be too long, but it should include two parts: general introduction and outline, so as to clarify the main problems of the planned research, how to study and the application of the theory.

1 overview

The general part of the opening report should first put forward the topic, and briefly explain the purpose of the topic and the current related research.

Situation, theoretical application, research methods, necessary data, etc.

2 outline

The outline of the paper included in the opening report can be very thick, which is a basic framework for research ideas. It can be in the form of a whole sentence or an outline. In the opening stage, the purpose of the outline is to let people know the basic framework of the paper, and it is not necessary to be as detailed as the paper catalogue.

3 references

The opening report shall include a list of relevant references.

4 requirements

The opening report should have a cover, with a total of not less than 4 pages. The layout format shall conform to the following "format" in item 2) of Part 3.

Open a report

Student:

First, the significance of the topic

1, theoretical significance

2. Practical significance

Second, the summary of the paper.

1, the origin and evolution of the theory

2. A summary of foreign related research.

3. Summary of domestic research.

4. My opinions on the above summary.

Third, the outline of the paper.

Foreword,

One,

1、

2、

3、

Second, the conclusion

1、

2、

3、

Third,

1、

2、

3、

Fourth, the progress of thesis writing

Outline of graduation thesis opening report 1. Cover of opening report: paper title, department, major, grade, name and tutor.

Second, the purpose, significance and research survey at home and abroad

Thirdly, the theoretical basis, research methods and research contents of this paper.

Four. Research status and possible problems

Verb (short for verb) expected result

Schedule of intransitive verbs

Seven, teaching and research section feasibility demonstration conclusion

Graduation thesis opening report -ASP

Source: unknown

Requirements for filling in the opening report

1. Opening report is one of the basic materials for graduation design (thesis) defense committee to examine students' defense qualifications. This report should be completed by the students under the guidance of the tutor in the early stage of graduation design (thesis), and it will take effect after the tutor signs the opinion and the teaching and research section reviews it;

2. The contents of the opening report must be written in black ink or printed in the standard format of electronic documents uniformly designed by the Academic Affairs Office (which can be downloaded from the website of the Academic Affairs Office). It is forbidden to cut and paste on other test papers after printing, and it should be handed over to the instructor for signature after completion;

3. There should be no less than 6 kinds of references for students to consult (excluding dictionaries and manuals);

4. The date of year, month and day should be written in Arabic numerals according to GB/T 7408-94 "Data Element and Exchange Format, Information Exchange, Date and Time Representation". For example, "April 26th, 2004" or "April 26th, 2004".

The Opening Report of Bi Ye's Prose

1. The research significance of this topic

Today, with the rapid development of the Internet, the Internet has become an important channel for people to obtain, publish and transmit information quickly, and plays an important role in people's politics, economy, life and other aspects. Therefore, the position of website construction in Internet application is obvious, and it has become an important part of information construction of government, enterprises and institutions, thus attracting people's attention.

The topic of our design this time is the embodiment of the close relationship between the Internet and social life. In today's society, people can't live without the Internet. Internet has become a way of communication between people, which can simplify things. The construction of the website of the Bureau of Retired Veteran Cadres can not only change the working mode of this institution, greatly improve the working efficiency of its staff, but also increase its popularity. More importantly, it provides a network life space for the veteran cadres of our bureau and promotes their further understanding of network knowledge.

Through this website, a series of introductions such as institutional setup, policies and regulations, service guide, electronic publications, news, learning garden, problem collection, medical care, life tips, travel profiles, etc. are displayed. At the same time, you can also communicate with the outside world economically and quickly by email.

Introduction to ASP

1 what is an A S P? In fact, it extends some additional features of the standard H T M L file. Like the standard H T M L file, ASP contains H T M L statements, which are interpreted and displayed in the browser. However, it provides an environment for H T M L writers to run scripts on the server side, so that H T M L writers can use V B S c r i p t and J S c r i p t or others.

An S. P created by a third-party scripting language realizes the need to write complex C G I programs to realize dynamic web content, such as counters. The suffix of A. S. P file is. A s p, which contains VB or J S c r i p t statements to realize dynamic functions. If you remove those VB or J S c r i p t statements, it is no different from the standard H T M L file. A S P provides some built-in objects (see the section on built-in objects later). Using these built-in objects can make your script more powerful; these

Object allows you to receive and send information from a browser. For example, with the r e q u e s t object, you can receive the information in the user's H T M L form and process it. A S P includes standard A c t i v e X components (see components in the next chapter), which can realize some complex functions, such as using a database. However, you are not limited to this, you can easily create your own additional A c t i v e X components. This means that you can extend your A c t i v e X components without restriction (see the chapter on homemade components later). Service points can be linked with database rows (such as SQL Server). In the later chapters of this book, I

Students will study this aspect in detail. What's important is that this is a very powerful function of A S P. Online commerce, online forums and other very advanced and dynamically updated websites need the support of the database and need to be automatically updated with the update of the database content. In this way, you can build many similar advanced sites by yourself with a S P. From the above description, we can know that A S P is a standard web page extended by server-side scripts, objects and components, and provides an operating environment for it. However, its webpage did not exist at the initial stage of its establishment. Only when the browser sent a request to it did it produce the required standard webpage, which overcame the static shortcoming of the webpage written by H T M L in the past and made it possible to have a lot of dynamic information on the webpage. Such as: current computer time, counter value, etc.

Functions of 2 ASP

A S P is a server-side scripting environment. When requested by the user. Asp file starts to run from browser A to We b server, and then the WEB server calls A S P, which comprehensively reads the requested file, executes all script commands, and sends the standard web page to the browser, excluding the script commands you wrote.

2 Using ASP and SQL Server to build a website

Moreover, every command of A S P is used to generate H T M L files first, so A S P allows dynamic content to be generated.

For a Web server, there is an essential difference between A S P and H T M L, which is to send it back to the browser without any processing. On the other hand, for browsers, there is almost no difference between A S P and h t m, only the difference of suffix. Asia Pacific region and. HTM。 When we apply for an application on the client, our browser accepts files in H T M L format. Therefore, according to the above characteristics, we can easily use A S P to collect table information, counters, guest books, bulletin boards and A S P, and we can also easily realize the dynamic control of page content, customize different page content for different browsers, and realize

Suitable for any browser.

Chat rooms and even e-commerce and other functions that C G I had to realize in the past.

Personalized website.

3 scope of use

There are almost no restrictions when using A S P to realize various functions. As long as the website exists and runs normally, the following is a list of application examples:

Add a scrolling advertisement column at the top of your website home page.

Accept the information in the form of H T M L and save it in the database.

Create a personalized homepage according to the different contents displayed by different visitors.

Add a click counter to your home page.

Display different levels of content according to the version, type and ability of the user's browser.

Connecting multiple homepages makes it easy to browse the Internet.

Track the activity information on the user's website and store it in the log file.

Use Windows NT-based I n t r a n e t to build your M I S application.

The system written with A S P can completely reach the level of the original network database system using C l i e n t/S e r v e r. The biggest advantage of using A S P is that when you upgrade the program, you only need to modify the A S P file on the server side, not the client program.

The above is just a brief introduction. After reading the following chapters, you will have a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of what you do with A S P, and you will really learn how to build various applications with A S P.

2. The basic content of this topic.

In order to establish a brand-new image of government departments at all levels in China on the Internet, which is conducive to the transformation of governments at all levels from management to management, reducing office expenses, improving office efficiency, promoting the construction of diligent and clean government, and improving the informatization level of government civil servants, the establishment of the website of the Municipal Bureau of Retired Cadres will provide superior conditions for office networking, automation, electronicization and comprehensive enjoyment of information.

This topic introduces the practice and concrete steps of the website construction of the municipal bureau of retired veteran cadres, and gives the scheme selection and equipment configuration of the website construction of the bureau of retired veteran cadres. It also introduces the application purpose and development direction of the website construction of the Bureau of Retired Veteran Cadres in order to fully realize the above purpose. It also comprehensively introduces the technology of establishing and managing websites on the Internet. The content involves the basic construction of the website, investigating the original data, focusing on news update, service guide, transaction processing of website management, using ASP and HTML to develop foreground programs, completing website links, importing data from related systems, and writing corresponding storage programs, thus developing a powerful website that meets the needs of the Bureau of Retired Veteran Cadres.

The website of the Bureau of Retired Veteran Cadres provides a comprehensive network environment for cadres' work, management, life, information exchange and communication. The use of the website has promoted the office, academic research and management conditions of cadres to a new level, and also provided a platform for the propaganda and development of the Bureau of Retired Veteran Cadres. It can make full use of existing computer resources, realize information exchange and software and hardware resource sharing, and realize the new modern office, management and service form of the bureau of retired veteran cadres facing the society.

Some contents about the website construction of the Bureau of Retired Veteran Cadres include the structure, characteristics and theoretical knowledge points of the website construction. Its biggest feature is that every knowledge point in ASP is carefully applied to the actual needs, and the combination of theoretical research and practical operation has fully mastered the ideas, skills and system of ASP developing WEB dynamic websites. In addition, ASP also provides a simpler and more comprehensive database access method, which makes it easier to develop database-driven WEB applications. ASP supports VBScript and Jscript, and can support other scripting languages such as HTML as plug-ins.

The Opening Report of Bi Ye's Prose

3. The emphases and difficulties of this topic.

The focus of this topic is mainly the selection of website materials and the construction of the framework. A good website should have many home pages that are linked to each other, and should also add some links such as dynamics, pictures and sound effects. Only by completing the construction of the website in an all-round way can we embody the theme and attract visitors' attention to every home page. The timely updating of content is also a practical problem in website construction. Only by constantly updating the contents of the home page can visitors visit the website again. Without fresh content and philosophical ideas of the times, it is far from a good website.

The novel frame structure can also attract visitors' attention for a long time. On the basis of good materials, the construction of the framework is also a problem that must be considered in website construction. Only by combining the two carefully, I believe that the built website will be the website with the highest click rate.

The construction of this website also involves the production of dynamic web pages, so it is bound to become a difficult point in the production process. Personally, I still lack a lot of theoretical and practical knowledge about the production of dynamic web pages. I used to just make some simple personal homepages, that's all. Now, I have to use ASP program to edit dynamic websites, and use ASP to combine scripts, HTML, components and powerful Web database access functions to form a running server. The application of this technology has greatly increased my workload several times. Of course, this is a bad performance that I didn't study hard before, but my understanding has improved through this design. On the basis of learning how to make static web pages, I can't ignore the importance of making dynamic web pages. After that, I will learn from this understanding, study hard and master every knowledge point in ASP in an all-round way, so that I can skillfully apply it to practical problems in the future and fully show my self-value. Lay a more solid foundation for your future life!

It is very convenient to realize the function of search engine with ASP, but how to realize intelligent search similar to 372 1? For example, when you enter "China people" in the search criteria box, keywords such as "China" and "people" will be automatically extracted and searched in the database. After reading this article, you will find that this function is so simple to implement. Ok, come with me!

The first step is to establish a database named db_sample.mdb (this article takes the Access2000 database as an example), and build a table T_Sample in it. Table T_Sample includes the following fields:

ID automatic numbering

U_Name text

U_Info remarks

The second step, we began to design Search.asp's search page. This page includes a form (Frm_Search) with a text box and a submit button. Set the method property of the form to "get" and the action property to "Search.asp", that is, submit it to the web page itself. The code is as follows:

& lt！ ——Search.asp->；

& ltform name = " frm _ Search " method = " get " action = " Search . ASP " & gt；

Please enter a keyword:

& ltinput type = " text " name = " key " size = " 10 " >

& lt input type = "submit" value = "search" >

& lt/form & gt；

Next, let's enter the key part of realizing intelligent search.

First, establish a database connection. Add the following code at the beginning of Search.asp:

& lt%

4. Outline of the thesis

1. Introduction

2. Task book