1. Teaching methods
Teaching method is a way for teachers to impart knowledge and develop students' intelligence through concise and vivid oral language. It is to convey information, impart knowledge, clarify concepts, demonstrate laws and formulas through narration, description, explanation and reasoning, and guide students to analyze and understand problems. The basic requirements for applying this teaching method are:
① Teaching should not only attach importance to the scientific and ideological content, but also contact students' cognitive basis as much as possible.
② Attention should be paid to cultivating students' disciplinary thinking in teaching.
③ Teaching should be enlightening.
④ Pay attention to language art in teaching. Language should be vivid, infectious, clear, accurate, concise, clear and easy to understand. The volume and speed of speech should be moderate as far as possible, and the intonation should be rhythmic to adapt to the psychological rhythm of students.
The advantage of lecture method is that teachers can easily control the teaching process, so that students can acquire a lot of systematic scientific knowledge in a short time. However, if it is not used well, students' initiative and enthusiasm will not be easily brought into play, and there will be a situation in which teachers are full of mouths and students listen.
2. Discussion method
Discussion method is a teaching method under the guidance of teachers, in which students express their opinions around the central issues of textbooks and acquire or consolidate knowledge through discussion or debate activities. The advantage is that all students participate in activities, which can cultivate the spirit of cooperation, stimulate students' interest in learning and improve their autonomy in learning. Generally used for the teaching of senior students or adults. The basic requirements for using the discussion method are:
The questions to be discussed should be attractive. Before the discussion, teachers should put forward specific requirements for discussion, guide students to collect and read relevant materials or conduct investigation and study, and carefully write an outline of their speeches.
② When discussing, we should be good at inspiring and guiding students to express their opinions freely. The discussion should focus on the center and connect with reality, so that every student has a chance to speak.
(3) At the end of the discussion, teachers should make a summary and induction, so that students can obtain correct views and systematic knowledge.
3. Visual demonstration method
Demonstration method is a teaching method in which teachers show all kinds of objects, intuitive teaching AIDS or conduct demonstration experiments in class, so that students can gain perceptual knowledge through observation. It is an auxiliary teaching method and should be combined with teaching methods such as lectures and conversations. The basic requirements for using the demonstration method are:
1, the purpose should be clear.
2, the phenomenon should be obvious, easy to observe.
3, try to eliminate secondary factors or reduce the influence of secondary factors.
practise
Practice is a method for students to consolidate knowledge, apply knowledge and form skills under the guidance of teachers. In teaching, practical methods are widely used in various disciplines. Generally speaking, exercises can be divided into the following categories:
First, language practice. Including oral and written language exercises, aimed at cultivating students' expressive ability.
Second, the practice of answering questions. Including oral and written exercises to answer questions, aimed at cultivating students' ability to use knowledge to solve problems.
Third, practical exercises. It aims to form operational skills and occupies an important position in technical disciplines.
5. Reading guidance method
Reading guidance method is a method for teachers to guide students to acquire knowledge, consolidate knowledge and cultivate students' self-study ability by reading textbooks or reference books.
6. Task-driven method
Teachers assign students inquiry learning tasks, students consult materials, sort out the knowledge system, then choose representatives to explain, and finally the teachers summarize. Task-driven teaching method can be carried out in groups or individuals, requiring teachers to assign specific tasks and other students to ask questions, so as to achieve the purpose of * * * learning together. Task-driven teaching method helps students to cultivate their ability to analyze and solve problems and cultivate the spirit of independent exploration and cooperation in the process of completing "tasks"
7. Visiting teaching method
A teaching method of organizing or guiding students to conduct field observation, investigation, research and study in breeding experimental sites in order to acquire new knowledge or consolidate what they have learned. The visiting teaching method is generally guided and explained by off-campus training teachers, requiring students to collect relevant information, ask questions, make records, arrange visiting notes after the visit, and write a written visiting report, so that perceptual knowledge can be sublimated into rational knowledge. Visiting teaching method can enable students to consolidate theoretical knowledge and master the latest advanced knowledge. The visiting teaching method is mainly applied to the teaching of working procedures, offspring selection methods and the latest research progress of various plant variety improvement technologies. The teaching method of visiting can be divided into "preparatory visit, parallel visit and concluding visit".
8. On-site teaching methods
It is a teaching method with the scene as the center, the objects on the scene as the object and the student activities as the main body. The on-site teaching of this course is carried out in the training base inside and outside the school, which is mainly used for the teaching of breeding experiment layout planning, experiment design, observation and recording methods of crop characteristics and other projects.
9. Autonomous learning method
In order to fully expand students' horizons, cultivate students' study habits and autonomous learning ability, and exercise students' comprehensive quality, students are usually given questions to think about or asked to use online resources to study independently to find answers, put forward measures to solve problems, and then put forward discussion and evaluation.
Autonomous learning method is mainly used in the teaching of course expansion content, such as the specific breeding methods and characteristics of small crops not involved in project teaching, organizing students to learn independently, writing small papers in the form of papers and submitting them to teachers for evaluation. Cultivate students' ability to ask questions, solve problems and write science and technology.
The biggest difference between lectures and lectures is that lectures refer to teaching materials, teaching methods, teaching purposes, teaching priorities and difficulties, and how to speak. However, the teaching objectives and difficulties should also be written in the teaching plan, but then the teaching process (that is, teachers' behavior, students' behavior, remarks and so on) should be mainly written. In other words, in the speech, you should first explain which version you are talking about (People's Education Edition, Beijing Normal University Edition, or Shanghai Science Edition), which grade or which volume you are talking about, and which chapters you are talking about; Then explain the teaching purpose of this part and what are the important and difficult points in teaching, and then introduce the teaching methods and teaching design concepts you use in this teaching process (this is very important).
The practical teaching methods in classroom teaching in primary and secondary schools are varied and colorful. The following are some of the most commonly used main methods.
First, the teaching method of teaching.
1, definition: Teachers mainly use language to systematically impart scientific knowledge to students, spread ideas, develop students' thinking ability and develop their intelligence.
2. Specific implementation form:
(1) Explain the teaching methods.
(2) Dialogue teaching method
⑶ Discuss teaching methods.
(4) Teaching methods of speaking and reading.
5. Lecture teaching method
3. The basic requirements of applying this teaching method are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
(1) Organize the teaching contents scientifically.
⑵ Teachers' teaching language should be clear, concise, accurate and vivid.
⑶ Be good at setting questions to solve doubts and stimulate students' desire for knowledge and positive thinking activities.
Second, the question inquiry type
1, definition: teachers or teachers guide students to ask questions, and students seek answers to questions and acquire knowledge through independent inquiry and research activities under the organization and guidance of teachers.
(1) problem teaching method
⑵ Inquiry teaching method
⑶ Discovery teaching method
3, the use of discovery teaching method and inquiry teaching method, should pay attention to the following requirements:
(1) Strive to create a good teaching situation conducive to students' exploration and discovery.
⑵ Select and determine the problems (topics) and processes discovered through inquiry.
⑶ Organize teaching in an orderly way and actively guide students' exploration and discovery activities.
4, the implementation of the basic steps of problem teaching method:
(1) Create a problem situation.
(2) Selection and determination of problems
⑶ Discuss and put forward assumptions.
(4) Seeking results through practice
5] Verify and draw a conclusion.
Third, training and practice.
1. Definition: Students consolidate, enrich and improve their knowledge through student-centered practical activities, such as internships, experiments, internships, social practices, research-based learning, etc., and cultivate their ability to solve practical problems and various practical abilities.
2. The connotation, basic requirements and practical teaching methods of various specific teaching methods in training.
1), demonstration teaching method
In the teaching process, teachers enable students to acquire knowledge and skills through demonstration and explanation. In demonstration teaching, teachers
Demonstrate the actual operation content on the spot, explain while operating, and emphasize the key steps and precautions, so that students can learn while doing, pay equal attention to theory and skills, better realize the interaction between teachers and students, and improve students' interest and efficiency in learning. The demonstration teaching in this course is mainly used for the teaching of creative variational method. For example, cross-pollination technology, artificial mutation technology, protoplast separation, hybridization technology, genetic engineering operation technology and so on.
2), simulation teaching method
It is a teaching method of practical operation training in simulated situations. Simulation teaching method is usually carried out after students have certain professional theoretical knowledge and before actual operation. The practical teaching of this course is strictly limited by the growing season of crops, and a complete practical teaching project needs at least one growing season or even several years. Therefore, we should attach importance to the application of simulation teaching method in teaching. The simulation teaching method of this course is mainly applied to practical teaching projects such as the selection of hybrid parents and the treatment of hybrid offspring.
3) Project teaching method
A teaching method that aims at practical application and enables students to acquire knowledge and ability through the joint completion of teaching projects by teachers and students. In fact, to give a group as a learning unit, the steps are generally: consultation, planning, decision-making, implementation, inspection and evaluation. Project teaching method emphasizes students' dominant position in the learning process, advocates "personalized" learning, and advocates taking students' learning as the main task, supplemented by teachers' guidance. By completing the teaching project, students can effectively mobilize their learning enthusiasm, master both practical skills and relevant theoretical knowledge, learn both courses and working methods, fully tap their creative potential, and improve their comprehensive ability to solve practical problems. Project teaching method can be applied to the establishment of crop breeding objectives, the selection of hybrid offspring, the selection of strains and the determination of combining ability of inbred lines.
Fourthly, teaching methods based on modern information technology.
1, classification of modern teaching media
Modern teaching media can be divided into visual media, auditory media, audio-visual media and interactive media according to people's different senses of receiving information.
2. Modern information technology can achieve a variety of teaching functions, mainly in the following aspects:
(1) copy function.
(2) Comprehensive function.
(3) Interactive function.
(4) Virtual function.