The format of scientific papers generally includes: ① title, ② signature, ③ abstract, ④ keywords, ⑤ introduction, ⑤ text, ⑦ conclusion and ⑧ references.

1, title

The title is a necessary part. The title requires the phrase to be concise and appropriate, which can reflect the specific content of the article. A good title can often arouse the reader's interest. Generally speaking, the title should include the main keywords of the article. The title should not be very long, generally no more than 20 Chinese characters.

2. Summary

Abstract is an indispensable part of the paper. Is an independent paper with its own characteristics. Based on the summary of the paper, it summarizes the full text in simple, easy-to-understand and incisive language, leaves the trunk to the branches and leaves, and extracts the main information of the paper. The paper should reflect the author's viewpoint, the main contents of the paper, the research results and original opinions.

A good abstract is easy to index and search, easy to be included in a large database and provide information for others. Therefore, abstract plays a vital role in information exchange. The number of words is generally around 300.

3. Keywords

In order to facilitate readers to find documents from the vast number of books and periodicals, especially to meet the needs of computer automatic retrieval, 3-8 keywords should be given after the abstract. Choose keywords that can reflect the characteristics of the literature and have strong versatility. First of all, it is necessary to choose standardized words, which is a kind of snatch for human-like subject words.

4. Text

The text is the core part of a scientific paper, which mainly answers the question of "how". The text should fully explain the viewpoint, principle, method and the whole process of achieving the expected goal, highlight the word "new" and reflect the originality of scientific papers. According to the need, the paper can be deeply layered, analyzed layer by layer, and set hierarchical titles by layer.

The writing of scientific papers does not require gorgeous words, but requires clear thinking, strict logic, concise and accurate language, vivid and smooth; The content should be objective, scientific and complete, and try to speak with facts and data; Where you can make it clear in short words, you should state it in words. If it is not easy to express clearly in words or it is complicated, it should be expressed in tables or figures. Physical quantities and units shall adopt legal units of measurement.

After the end of the text, it is the final summary of the whole article. Conclusion is an important part of scientific papers. Mainly to answer "what" (what). It should be pointed out completely, accurately and concisely based on the phenomena, data and analysis obtained from experiments or investigations in this paper.

First, the principle and universality revealed by the investigation or experimental results of the research object; Second, whether there are any abnormalities found in the study or problems that are difficult to explain and solve in this paper; 3. Similarities and differences with previously published research work (including others or the author himself); Fourthly, the theoretical and practical significance and value of this paper; Fifth, suggestions for further research on this topic.

Step 5 refer to

It reflects the scientific basis of the manuscript and the author's respect for other people's research results, and provides readers with the sources of relevant materials cited in the paper, or provides detailed words of relevant contents mentioned in the paper but not developed in order to save space and facilitate narration. References contained in the paper should be limited to those publications read by the author himself and cited in the paper, or other relevant files, including patents and other documents.