Literacy and writing teaching is the basis of reading and writing in Chinese education, the key link to cultivate students' love for Chinese characters and gradually feel the value and significance of Chinese characters in China culture, and the important way to develop students' intelligence. Literacy and writing are also the key and difficult points of junior students' learning, and they are the important contents of laying a good foundation for learning, which is very crucial for students' reading and writing. In recent years, people pay more and more attention to the teaching reform of knowledge and writing. How to grasp the concept of knowledge and writing teaching and make it conform to the characteristics of Chinese and writing is worth exploring and practicing by our front-line teachers. Based on years of teaching practice in rural schools, this paper discusses some teaching methods from four aspects: pronunciation, form, meaning and writing of Chinese characters.
First, the sound, form and meaning of Chinese characters
Generally speaking, Chinese characters have three elements: sound, form and meaning. Sound is the pronunciation of words, shape is the form of words, meaning is the meaning of words, and Chinese characters are the unity of sound, shape and meaning. For a Chinese character, it is necessary to be able to read the correct pronunciation, write the correct font, understand the meaning of the word, and know how to use it, so as to fully master it.
(A) the sound of Chinese characters
Understanding the pronunciation characteristics of Chinese characters is helpful for us to read the pronunciation correctly, write the correct font and distinguish the meaning of words. Due to the historical development of Chinese pronunciation, the phonetic function of phonetic symbols in pictophonetic characters has been greatly restricted. Some people have made statistics on more than 7,500 pictophonetic words, and the results show that only 350 words have the same pronunciation and phonetic symbols, accounting for 4.7% of the total, and only 753 words have the same phonology but different tones, accounting for 10% of the total. The sum of the two is less than 15% of the total, and the phonetic symbols and pronunciations of most pictophonetic characters are not harmonious. Therefore, in the teaching of Chinese characters, we should pay special attention to pictophonetic characters, guide students to consult the dictionary frequently, read the pronunciation correctly, and understand the meaning well at the same time.
(B) the shape of Chinese characters
The physical structure of Chinese characters is distinguished by strokes. It can be said that strokes are the basic materials to form Chinese characters, and the single words composed of basic strokes and radicals evolved from single words are the main components to form combined words. In literacy teaching, on the basis of mastering basic strokes and single words, we should further master combined words. Because Chinese characters have a long history, a large number and great changes in glyphs, it is inevitable that some similar words with different pronunciations and meanings will appear in many glyphs. If you are not careful when you write, you will write another word. For some words whose shapes are easily confused, primary school students should be guided to find out their differences. For example, the difference between the three words "Ji", "Ji" and "Si" can be remembered by the formula "Ji Ping semi-sealed", and the difference between the three words "E", "Xu" and "Shu" can be remembered by pointing horizontally at the hollow of E.
(C) the meaning of Chinese characters
Chinese characters represent morphemes, which are the smallest units that combine pronunciation and semantics in a language. Morphemes are expressed orally in syllables and written in Chinese characters. Literacy requires not only accurate pronunciation, clear recognition of fonts, but also recognition of the meaning of words. For example, students often write the word "particles return to the warehouse" as the word "tree" because they can't tell the meaning of these two words. The physical structure of Chinese characters is complicated. If you study carelessly, don't pay attention to the shape, sound and meaning of words, especially don't understand the meaning of words, it's easy to write typos. In teaching, we should pay attention to the fact that there are no typos on the blackboard, and we should also master the shape, sound symbols and the relationship between words and meanings of pictophonetic words skillfully to master the true meaning of words. For example, the word "simplification" is often written by students as "simplification". If we understand that "streamlining" comes from the idiom "better troops and simpler administration", it is not easy to make mistakes.
In short, in order to avoid writing typos, it is important to form the habit of looking up the dictionary frequently and paying attention to the sound, form and meaning of words, and to have persistent practice. The sound, form and meaning of Chinese characters have unforgettable memories for children. Knowing the meaning of words in learning will be applied to life practice and improve one's language expression and writing ability.
Second, write Chinese characters.
Writing is an extremely important link in the process of literacy. The basic requirement of writing is to write correctly, correctly, neatly and skillfully. In addition to practicing writing repeatedly, students must also be taught to master basic knowledge such as strokes, stroke order, radicals and lattice structure of glyphs.
(A) the basic knowledge of glyphs
Writing stroke is the smallest unit of Chinese character writing, and there are five basic strokes: horizontal, vertical, left, dot and fold. Individual strokes can also be combined into more complex strokes.
The radicals of Chinese characters are an important part of compound words, and most of them are derived from single words. Generally speaking, the position of radicals in compound words is fixed. For example, those with certain edges (beside the herringbone and in the vertical direction) are mostly on the left side of the word, those with certain heads are above the word, and those with certain bottoms are below the word. Knowing the position of the radicals in the combined words can avoid dislocation and typo when writing.
The frame structure of Chinese characters is regular. The words written according to the rules are beautiful, but ugly. And it's easy to make mistakes. Such as "Heaven" and "Yue". If you want to master the lattice structure of Chinese characters, you can practice writing with a pencil or pen with the lattice of Tian characters. Tian Zige is very helpful to observe the structural proportion of Chinese characters.
(B) Chinese writing teaching
When teaching Chinese characters, teachers must understand Chinese characters from their characteristics, physical evolution, structure, sound, shape, meaning and writing.
Three. Concluding remarks
Literacy is the basis of reading and writing. Students can't read and write without mastering a certain number of Chinese characters. Once students know a large number of Chinese characters and firmly grasp the sound, form and meaning of words, they can understand the meaning of words, the ideological content of texts, read books and newspapers smoothly, learn scientific and cultural knowledge, and describe things and express their feelings with the Chinese characters and words they know. In addition, literacy is conducive to developing students' thinking. Take literacy glyphs as an example. When students analyze compound words with radicals and single words, from whole to part, and then from part to whole, it is not only convenient to master the structural rules of Chinese characters and speed up literacy, but also cultivate students' analytical ability and comprehensive ability. Students' mastery of word meaning is generally from concrete to abstract, from simple to complex, from single meaning to polysemy, from unknown to understanding, from understanding to application. This requires active thinking activities, so as to develop their own thinking ability.