Space-time is an illusion
It is not easy to prove this phenomenon in physics. Although mathematical derivation is not overemphasized here, it is still necessary to explain this idea with Einstein's theory of relativity. Relativity is a theory of uniform acceleration in "non-Newtonian system" put forward by Einstein at the beginning of the 20th century. The physics established by British physicist Newton from the middle of17th century to the beginning of18th century is suitable for the motion of objects in three-dimensional space, especially the motion of small and slow objects on the earth, such as the motion of cars, trains and planes in our daily life. Einstein's theory of relativity is a completely different system. In Newton's theory, space and time are absolutely constant, while in Einstein's theory of relativity, space, time, mass and energy are relatively variable. This theory has completely changed the direction of modern physics and laid a theoretical foundation for the exploration of the universe. Einstein himself won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922, and was later named as "the great man of the 20th century" by American Time magazine. He was honored as "the father of modern science" by later generations. (Note: He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his contribution to the photoelectric effect. Relativity was known and recognized by many people in the field of physics at that time. )
Relativity has two levels of theories: special relativity (also called special relativity) and general relativity. Special relativity applies to objects moving at a uniform speed, and general relativity applies to objects moving at an accelerated speed. Einstein's first paper on relativity was published in an academic magazine named Yearbook of Physics in 1905. In the same issue, he also published a paper on Brownian motion and photoelectric effect, which won him the 1922 Nobel Prize in physics.
Einstein and several other scholars found that when an object moves at a speed close to the speed of light, many physical properties will change, such as the length and volume of the object. The relationship between the length and speed of an object can be explained by the following mathematical formula:
Lv is the length of the moving object.
Lo is the length of a stationary object.
V is the speed of a moving object.
C is the speed of light, which is about 300,000 kilometers per second.
This formula tells us that when an object moves at a high speed (close to the speed of light), its length will shrink in our eyes.
Therefore, when an object moves at the speed of light, then v = c → v ∕ c = 1, then
At this time, we will see that the object has no length and volume (LV = 0). That is to say, according to Einstein's formula, the size, length and distance of an object disappear at the speed of light. For example, under certain conditions, you can see that there is no distance between Australia and the United States. To put it another way, under certain conditions, you can appear on the Earth and Mars at the same time, because under such conditions, the distance between the Earth and Mars will be gone! Like space physicist Stan of NASA University? Dr Otten Wald said that objects can be in different places at the same time. So the distance between far and near is not absolute, it depends on the state of the observer. Therefore, absolutely independent space and distance do not exist, it is just an illusion.
What is discussed above is that space distance is an illusion, and time is also an illusion, which is also well demonstrated in the theory of relativity of physics. A key assumption in Einstein's physics is that the speed of light is the highest in the universe and will never change. That is to say, in any case, light travels at a speed of 299,792 kilometers per second (about 300,000 kilometers per second), which is the highest speed that an object can reach. The special theory of relativity was put forward under this premise.
To sum up, it is an illusion that space and time cannot be changed. Under certain conditions, space and time may be completely different. In fact, the recent discovery of cosmic black holes proves this idea. According to NASA's space physicist, time and space in a black hole may replace each other. This means that space may become like time, and time may become the shape of space.
create/beget/fabricate (sth) out of nothing
Speaking of this concept, let's first quote Stan, a space physicist at NASA University. One of Dr. Odunwo's conclusions: "The physical phenomena revealed by nature are often far from what we generally observe and think. For example, people's aging methods in sports are completely different; Space can be deformed; Matter can be produced by pure energy; Matter will suddenly appear in a vacuum. As long as there is enough energy, matter will be produced from now on, the so-called "out of nothing." "To prove this, we can borrow Einstein's law of conservation of mass and energy. According to this law, under certain conditions, energy can be condensed into matter with mass, and the mass of matter can also be decomposed into energy. This conservation formula is:
E = mc2 (energy = mass x light speed 2)
Here, c is the speed of light, that is, about 300 thousand kilometers per second; E is energy; M is mass. Energy equals mass times the square of the speed of light.
Conversely, mass can also be produced by pure energy. We just need to turn this formula upside down and become:
M = e ∕ C2 (mass = energy/light speed 2)
That is, under certain conditions, energy can be realized in a vacuum with nothing. In other words, things can be made out of nothing. In fact, in the quantum micro-world, we often see matter appear naturally in the void.
Some things can be made out of nothing, and some things can also be lost. Modern physics believes that matter is actually just a "field". Einstein said that "matter is made up of a space with strong field strength". He also said that "field and matter do not both exist, because field is the only existence". He believes that the existence of matter is an illusion of human beings.
Finally, when someone asked about other universes besides us, the space physicist of NASA in the United States replied: "According to the general theory of relativity, our universe represents everything, including time and space, including all galaxies and even space that we have not yet discovered. Other universes represent completely different dimensions of time and space. Those universes can't communicate with us physically now or in the future. They are just on the other side of infinity and eternity, which is beyond our observation. 」
summary
Now let's sum up the main points discussed above:
First, space and time are only human illusions. Under certain conditions, both space and time can disappear. You can appear from different places at the same time, or you can enter the past, present and future at the same time.
Second, out of thin air. Matter can be created from nothing. Pure energy can be converted into matter and matter can also be converted into energy.
Third, the universe is instantly realized from a tiny origin. Physicists infer that the universe came into being suddenly.
Although the research of space physics has been quite in-depth, the vast space is still a big mystery for scientists. The more scientists discover, the less they know about the universe. Three thousand years ago, Sakyamuni Buddha not only revealed the truth of the universe for us, but also pointed out the way to know the truth of the universe for us.
It's a pity that modern scientists didn't study Buddhism, otherwise there would be more breakthrough progress in science. We firmly believe and earnestly hope that with the development of science, many truths of cosmic life mentioned by Buddha will be gradually confirmed.
Let me end by quoting Albert Einstein, the father of modern science:
"The religion of the future will be the religion of the universe. It should transcend the individualized God, avoid dogma and theology, and cover nature and spirit. Its foundation should be based on a certain religious consciousness, which comes from the experience of the integration of all things in the universe. Buddhism is the kind of religion mentioned above. If you ask which religion can meet the needs of modern scientific progress, then this religion is Buddhism. 」
Einstein's theory was put forward as early as the beginning of last century, but it has been applied and confirmed in today's space age.
The special theory of relativity was published in 1905, and its contents are as follows:
What does a man see when he travels in space at the speed of light? According to the law of motion of general relativity, a light beam is an electromagnetic field that vibrates back and forth in a static space, but this concept was unknown to the physics community at that time. Einstein believed that the laws of physics (including the propagation of light) are the same for all observers, no matter how fast the relative speed between them is.
Regarding time, he found that the rotating speed of a moving clock is slower than that of a clock that is stationary relative to the observer. The inertial mass of an object increases with the speed, so no particle can reach the speed of light. So the speed of light is the upper limit. So mass and energy are different manifestations of the same thing.
The inference of special relativity on matter, time and space: When the speed of an object increases, three things will happen: the length will be shortened in the direction of motion, the mass will increase and the time will slow down.
If an astronaut travels in space at the speed of 99.995%, his aging rate will slow down by 100 times.
Theory of relativity
Published on 1907.
In a small area, gravity can be regarded as uniform, and all objects fall with equal acceleration. Uniform gravity field is equivalent to uniform motion in acceleration coordinates. This "equality theory" is the basis of his general theory of relativity. In his paper 19 16, he proposed that the laws of nature are the same for all observers in any relative motion. Newton thinks that the difference between acceleration and constant velocity motion lies in the force on the former. Einstein finally found that gravitational motion can be described as a four-dimensional (four-dimensional) linear motion similar to the combination of space, time and Riemann geometry.
Energy and quantum theory
According to the relationship between Einstein's mass and velocity, the mass of a photon at rest must be zero. However, when a photon moves at speed e, its mass must be m, so mc2=hv.
The energy field consists of the continuous generation and elimination of real particles and nothingness particles.
time-space relationship
Minkowski agreed with Einstein in 1908: "In the future, time and space themselves are doomed to be eclipsed, and only by combining them can they remain independent real entities."
1905, Einstein proposed four-dimensional space-time and replaced the old concepts of three-dimensional space and one-dimensional time with "flat space-time".
19 15 years, Einstein pushed the' flat space-time' to the bending time. This theory is used by astronomy and cosmology.
material
The definition of "encyclopedia of great beauty", its main points are:
"One of the most basic problems in the history of science is the definition of matter. Although there is no final conclusion, matter can be roughly defined as the basic component of objects in daily contact ... It can move and has mass and inertia. ……。 "
Editor's note:
To sum up, time, space and matter are relative, not absolute. Quality is a manifestation of matter, weight is the result of gravity, and quality is a state of excluding gravity factors. Mass and energy can be converted to each other. Energy is invisible, but it is effective. There are a few words worth noting:
At: There is a saying in a passage: "The energy field is composed of the continuous generation and elimination of real and nothingness particles." Particles are the basic unit of matter, which are constantly produced and destroyed, so they are both real and nothingness.
According to the relationship between Einstein's mass and velocity, the mass of a photon at rest must be zero. Mass = 0, which is very similar to the "emptiness" in Buddhist scriptures. So matter is illusory and unreal.
Therefore, the definition of "Encyclopedia of Great Beauty" is cautious. Please pay attention to its wording: "Although there is no definite conclusion, a substance can be roughly defined as …". It means "not yet finalized" and means "can be roughly defined as". Readers should note that the definition in the encyclopedia of great beauty is not the final conclusion. Because matter is uncertain.
Einstein and Buddhism
Shi Guiyuan
Robert, the father of modern science? Einstein said, "If there is a religion that can meet the needs of modern science and coexist with science, it must be Buddhism". He added: "I am not a religious person. If I were, I would like to be a Buddhist. "
Why does a great scientist admire Buddhism so much? What is the reason? To answer this question, we must understand his views on science and religion, and what is the difference between Buddhism and other religions.
Einstein's view on general religion?
God was created by man.
Einstein believed that God did not exist, but was created by human beings. "The concept of God in religious teachings is the sublimation of the ancient concept of God. For example, people use various prayers to beg the help of the gods to satisfy their wishes. This fact illustrates the personification of this god. "
"This concept has its fatal weakness, which has been painfully felt since history. That is to say, if this God is omnipotent, then every event, including everyone's behavior, thoughts, feelings and wishes, is also the work of God. Then, people don't have to take any responsibility for their actions and thoughts. "
He said: "The conflict between religion and science today mainly comes from the concept of personifying God. For example, when religious groups insist that everything recorded in the Bible is absolute truth, conflicts arise. This means that religion interferes in the field of science; The church's struggle against Galileo and Darwin falls into this category. On the other hand, representatives of science often try to make fundamental judgments on values and purposes according to scientific methods, so as to put themselves in a position opposite to religion. These conflicts all come from sad mistakes. "
The significance of religious spirit
While denying God, Einstein affirmed that religion has its value. He fully appreciates the persistence and dedication of believers in pursuing the truth of the universe and life, as well as the power beyond the individual. He said: "the spiritual characteristics of a person influenced by religion: he is committed to liberating himself from the shackles of selfishness and desire, and he is absorbed in his persistent thoughts, feelings and wishes because he transcends his personal values." I think what matters is the power beyond personal connotation and the depth of belief in its far-reaching significance, not whether it has ever tried to connect this connotation with God. "
Although transcendental, solemn and lofty goals have no rational basis, "however, their existence (God and God) is as inevitable and real as his own existence. In this sense, religion is a long-term cause of mankind, and it should make mankind fully aware of these values and goals, and constantly strengthen and expand their influence. If people understand according to these definitions, the conflict between religion and science will not happen. "
In Einstein's view, human society needs religion. Life values should have noble morality and sentiment. Knowledge and skills alone can not make mankind embark on a happy and noble life. "Human beings have every reason to put the disseminators of lofty moral standards and values above the discoverers of objective truth. I think mankind should thank people like Sakyamuni Buddha and Jesus. "
Einstein believes that although human beings can know nature, it is so profound that in many complicated situations, human beings are often powerless.
That's true. Why didn't the earthquake with magnitude 8 be detected? Science is not everything.
On the one hand, Einstein believes that nature has its own laws and can be recognized; On the one hand, I think its mystery is so profound that human understanding of the mystery of the universe is really negligible. So he agreed with Spinoza that God is nature and nature is God. Heart and things are two sides of one body, and they merge into gods. Conversely, nature includes both spiritual and material aspects.
Einstein thought: "Science can only determine what it is, but can't assert what it should be". "Outside the scientific field, we still need to judge various values."
Einstein believed that a scientist should be as dedicated and sincere as a religious person. This belief is that the laws of the real world are reasonable and effective and can be understood by reason.
"Science can only be created by people who are eager to pursue truth and knowledge. However, the source of this feeling comes from the religious field. "
"Through understanding, he liberated himself from the shackles of personal desires, thus holding a humble attitude towards the solemnity embodied by reason."
"I can't imagine a real scientist without deep faith. This can be compared with images: science without religion is like a lame man, and religion without science is like a blind man. "
Einstein once said, "The last field of life can only be found in religion."