In modern society, people pay more and more attention to the harmony and unity of natural environment, historical environment and human environment while pursuing the improvement of life quality, and landscape design is becoming familiar to people. In the construction of large-scale projects such as bridges, we should pay attention to both quality and landscape; It not only meets the requirements of traffic function, but also blends with the surrounding environment and the whole city, becoming a "work of art" with different styles.
The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, as the main artery of north-south traffic in history, starts from Beijing in the north and reaches Hangzhou in the south. It passes through six provinces and cities of Beijing, Hebei, Tianjin, Shandong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and connects five major water systems, namely Haihe River, Yellow River, Hunhe River, Yangtze River and Qiantang River, with a total length of l794 kilometers, making it the second wonder of China. For thousands of years, Hangzhou and the Grand Canal have been interdependent, and the Grand Canal has also promoted the prosperity and development of Hangzhou. Undoubtedly, the Grand Canal is an important natural and cultural resource of Hangshuai L. As one of the key points of the development strategy of cities along the Yangtze River, we should seize this rare opportunity and strive to build the cultural brand of the Canal and enhance the cultural taste of the city.
However, most of the bridges along the Grand Canal have been built for a long time, with outdated design and facade, or the construction of continuous beam bridges only reflects the traffic function of the structure and ignores the landscape aesthetic design of the bridge. The present situation of the canal bridge is in great contrast with the increasingly beautiful scenery around the canal. The function of the Canal Bridge is not only limited to the traffic function, but also should be integrated into the natural features of the Grand Canal, reflecting the modern features of Hangzhou while inheriting the history. We must use the design method of modern bridge landscape aesthetics to comprehensively design the Canal Bridge, so that it can truly become a beautiful landscape on the Grand Canal.
2 guiding principles for landscape design of canal bridges
Landscape aesthetics is an environmental science and art about how to arrange the land and the objects and spaces on the land so as to create a safe, efficient, healthy and comfortable environment for people. Landscape aesthetics pays special attention to "scenery" and "emotion", which has both scenery and emotion and blends scenes. Scenery naturally belongs to the category of material form, and its measurement standard depends on whether it can trigger people to sing.
Therefore, the premise of landscape design of canal bridge is to recognize the environmental atmosphere along the canal, that is, the landscape of Hangzhou section of the "artistic conception" canal has different cultures and landscape styles along the river: Jianggan section shows the original architecture and style of the city, and the lower section shows the new look of the city's business, entertainment and culture; Gongshu section shows the traditional features of the ancient canal as a tourist cultural corridor; Yuhang section displays natural agricultural ecological scenery; Tangqi Town in Yuhang has built a reputation as a water town in the south of the Yangtze River. Starting from the "artistic conception" of each bridge, the harmony with the surrounding architectural environment is considered to reflect the future development of a city. We design the scheme from the concepts of architectural style of the surrounding environment, riverside landscape and bridge structure classification.
Therefore, the actual canal bridge reconstruction project is divided into five themes: Elegant Ode, Ancient Rhyme, Splendid Commercial Capital, Water Station and Prosperity and Ruin. Five bridges (Jianguo North Road Bridge, Huancheng East Road Bridge, Chengdong Bridge, Tangqiao Bridge and Genshan West Road Bridge) just span the three themes of "Splendid Commercial Capital", "Water Post Station" and "Shengfeng and Rui".
On the other hand, the landscape design of canal bridge should also pay attention to the unity and coordination of the bridge itself. In order to meet the requirements of economic security, it is necessary to transform the abstract semantics of norms into visual symbols such as signs, standard words and standard colors, and create a unique, infectious and acceptable visual image of bridges. In the end, the canal bridge should not only be integrated into the landscape environment around the bridge, but also into the cities in the region to achieve a truly unified and coordinated composite landscape.
Design steps of composite landscape of canal bridge;
(1) Determine the positioning of the overall image of the bridge in combination with the historical culture of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the urban development planning objectives of Hangzhou;
(2) According to the overall image orientation of the area where the Canal Bridge is located, the concept is obtained and planned;
(3) According to the above results, determine the symbolic color of the bridge landscape and design the symbolic components of the main body;
(4) Unified design of other landscape elements of the bridge, such as revetment reconstruction, garden road, public service facilities and sketches; The following is a detailed description with an engineering example.
3 Xintangqiao Composite Landscape Design Case Analysis
3. 1 bridge status
Xintang Bridge, located at the intersection of Xintang Road and Canal, is a single-span through steel tube tied arch bridge without wind bracing. The span is 76.5m, the total length of the bridge is 79.62m, and the bridge deck width is: 1.75m sidewalk +4.5m non-motor vehicle lane +2m arch rib +22m motor vehicle lane +2m arch rib +4.5 non-motor vehicle lane+1.75m sidewalk = 38.5m (total bridge width). The arch rib is oval, with a height of 1.25m and a width of 2m. The longitudinal beam is 2 meters wide and 2.4 meters high. The arch rib is located between the non-lane of the vehicle. The beam spacing is 4m, the beam width is 0.5m, and the beam height is1.8m. Gravity abutment and pile foundation are adopted. This bridge was built not long ago, and it is the latest of the five bridges. There is a small piece of green land in the northeast corner of the bridge, which has not been landscaped; There are rural residential areas in the east, rural houses and old factories in the northwest corner, and there is no riverside greening landscape belt. Riverside landscape green belt has been built in the southeast corner; There are several rural buildings in the southwest corner, and the riverside is not landscaped.
3.2 Image Positioning of Bridges
The image positioning of the bridge should consider the unique humanistic and commercial spirit of the city, the history and culture of the river and the city, and the planning objectives of urban development, and form the concept of bridge landscape.
Hangzhou is a famous scenic tourist city in China with a long history and profound cultural background. The landscape design of the Canal Bridge should be unified with the natural features of the ancient canal, and at the same time, it should also reflect the characteristics of Hang Cheng Jiangnan water town.
Based on the above considerations, this case takes the theme of "Splendid Business Capital" and expresses the unique charm of Xintang Bridge with modern elements such as glass towers and long-span arcs. According to the design principle of bridge composite landscape aesthetics, the composite landscape composed of bridge landscape, landscape and urban landscape is considered in a unified way to create a resolute and beautiful urban landscape style.
3.3 logo color
In order to better express the theme of "brilliant business capital", the overall landscape design of Xintangqiao adopts yellow, blue and green as the logo colors. Among them, yellow is mainly used to decorate the overhanging curved steel beams, showing the grandeur of the atmosphere; Blue is mainly used for deck and facade decoration, which reflects the blue sky and clear water; Green is mainly about greening the surrounding areas and creating a comfortable natural harmony.
3.4 Design of landmark components of bridge main body
Along the main line of "brilliant business capital", the long-span and arc-shaped arch ribs of the bridge are prominent, and a bold approach is adopted: a steel structure glass tower full of aura is set on the river bank, and the tower body consists of two main steel towers and a diamond-shaped glass tower body; The tower foundation adopts steel concrete bearing platform, on which diamond-shaped FRP structure tower and triangular arc main tower are directly arranged. The tower is shaped like a sword in the water of Qian Jiangchao. The top of the tower looks like the crown of the Statue of Liberty. It is spiritual and changeable, in contrast with reality and reality, and the atmosphere is meaningful. The glass tower changes layer by layer, from diamond to square, and then the top is indented into the upper metal component at different angles. In the middle of the tower, there is an arc steel beam extending laterally, which is particularly eye-catching. The landscape design above the bridge deck mainly highlights the top of the tower, which is l 1m higher than the bridge deck. It is designed as an arc metal component, which is fashionable and elegant, and reflects the modern beauty of the bridge.
Visitors can enjoy the beautiful scenery of the ancient canal and imagine the prosperous times when the waterways were busy and merchant ships shuttled through the canal.
3.5 Design of other landscape elements of the bridge
The design of other elements of the bridge composite landscape includes flower beds, seats, garden roads, bus stops, footbridges, trash cans, indicating signs and lamps attached to the bridge, as well as ground pavement and architectural sketches. Its design is characterized by uniform logo color and logo graphics.
3.5. 1 Design Scheme for Revetment Reconstruction of Xintang Bridge
The original revetment style near Xintang Bridge is too simple and the landscape effect is poor. In order to beautify the visual effect, the theme of this section is "Splendid Business Capital", so it is decided that the engineering technology should reflect the modern style of the city, so that the bridge landscape design is consistent with the surrounding noble office buildings, hotels and other architectural styles. Therefore, more modern materials and shapes are used to fully reflect the affinity between waterfront landscape and ecological environment. Whether overlooking or nearsighted, its graceful posture can show a strong affinity with the canal.
In the detailed design of the revetment, the design of mooring stone is another highlight of this case. On the one hand, the revetment is inlaid with mooring stones with different shapes and exquisite carvings, which constructs a unique canal landscape and deduces the individual beauty of riverside landscape.
3.5.2 Garden Road Design Scheme
Garden roads are very important for the whole canal bridge landscape project, because they are an inseparable part of the bridge composite landscape. People's perception of landscape is not a simple superposition of various landscape fragments, but a continuous display of landscape in the state of multi-dimensional intersection of time and space. In order to show the prosperous scenery of Xintang Bridge, the canal landscape garden road in the area adopts different materials according to the characteristics of each scenic spot. The main garden road connecting the hard ground distribution space is laid regularly with stone, wood and granite, and the branches and paths are laid irregularly with masonry structure garden road and egg-shaped mosaic garden road. In the choice of shape, the main garden road runs through the whole block in a natural and smooth form, and the branches and paths adopt tortuous enclosed houses.
3.5.3 Bridge Night Scene Design
The night scene design of the bridge is the supplement and extension of the day scene effect of the bridge, and it is also an important part of the bridge landscape. By using the aesthetic design of the bridge night scene, the canal bridge stands out in the city night scene, and the landscape of the canal bridge is reflected in the landscape corridor of the canal all day.
The night view design of Xintang Bridge is mainly based on bridge structure. By arranging luminaries with different positions, different angles, different brightness and different colors, the night scene effect with strong layering and three-dimensional effect is produced, and the lighting effect in different time and space environments is mapped.
The night view design of Qiaotou Pavilion is entirely to create a comfortable leisure space in the bustling city, where people are willing to move, rest and communicate. Here, the purpose of lighting design is no longer to show off the landscape, nor to express lighting. The pavilion at night is a post station for urbanites' nightlife and a warm harbor for spiritual rest.
4 conclusion
(1) With the development of society, people's aesthetic consciousness and landscape concept are constantly enhanced, and the urgency of bridge landscape aesthetics is self-evident. It is pointed out that bridge design should include bridge landscape design, and the composite landscape composed of bridge landscape, landscape and urban landscape should be considered in a unified way, and synchronized with engineering design to create practical, beautiful, harmonious and environmentally friendly architectural works.
(2) In the analysis of the landscape design scheme of Xintang Bridge, using the theoretical method of landscape design, the facade, deck and space under the bridge of the original bridge were designed with complex landscape reconstruction. After the comprehensive renovation of the bridge in Hangzhou section of the Canal, the landscape quality, ecological environment and city image of the area along the Canal have been improved, which reflects the cultural taste of Hangzhou as an international tourist city. After the renovation, along the Grand Canal, it presents a unique style, which is in harmony with the surrounding environment, and opens a beautiful new chapter in Hang31section of the Grand Canal.
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