Intermediate title, generally refers to: doctoral graduate, after examination, can be directly identified as intermediate; Master's degree or double degree winner, engaged in professional and technical work for more than two years; Bachelor degree, engaged in professional and technical work for more than five years, and obtained assistant title for more than four years; Graduated from college, engaged in professional and technical work for more than six years, and served as an assistant for more than four years. The following is the title format and model essay of the intermediate paper I brought to you. Welcome to reading.

Intermediate paper title scheme

1, the standard format of the thesis topic is:

Title of the article, author's name, author's unit: (including the full name and postal code of the unit), [Abstract] (retelling the main content of the article in the form of excerpt or deletion) 50-300 words, [Keywords] (choose words or phrases that can express the main content of the article) 3-8 keywords, text, references ……, author's brief introduction and author's contact information.

It should also be noted that:

I. Title:

The topic of the title of a paper is the first important information about the scope and level of the paper, and at the same time, it should also take into account the specific practical information, which can help to select keywords and compile secondary documents such as titles and indexes to provide retrieval. The topic of the paper is very important and must be carefully chosen. Some people use the following sentence to describe its importance: "The title of the paper is half of the article".

(1). Accurate and decent-the title of the paper requires accurate expression of the content of the paper and appropriate reflection of the scope and depth of the research.

(2) Short and pithy-use as few words as possible in the topic, and choose the words carefully. As for how many words are qualified, there is no uniform "hard" rule. It is generally hoped that the title of the paper will not exceed 20 words. Participate in the publication of relevant columns of medical papers.

(3) Extension and connotation should be appropriate-"Extension" and "connotation" belong to the concepts in formal logic. The so-called extension refers to every object reflected by a concept; The so-called connotation refers to the reflection of the unique attributes of each conceptual object. For example, how to publish a paper quickly.

Second, the text:

The title format of the paper requires that the length of the text is generally between 2000 and 8000 words, including introduction, discussion and analysis, results and conclusions. The abbreviations in foreign languages appearing in this article, except those appearing in public materials for the first time, shall be marked with Chinese translation or full names of foreign languages. The figures and tables in this paper should be self-evident, appear with the text and have corresponding English names. The number of pictures in this article generally does not exceed 6. Mark values and mark lines in words, symbols and coordinates in drawings must be clearly written, and all values should be marked with clear quantities and units. All tables in this paper adopt "three-line table". Relevant quantities and units in this paper must conform to national standards and international standards. It is expressed by a single italic foreign letter (except for the relevant characteristic values specified in the national standard; If you want to express the status, order and conditions of quantity, you can add a corner mark, Arabic numerals and ""to a single letter to avoid expressing it in Chinese. Text chapter numbers are sorted by the top grid of three-level titles. The form of the first-level title is 1, 2, 3, … sort; The form of secondary titles is 1. 1, 1.2, 1.3, … sort; The three-level titles are as follows:1.1.1.2, 1. 1.3, in order; The introduction is not sorted.

Three. References:

The format of paper title requires that monographs (M), anthologies (C), newspaper anthologies (N), journal articles (J), dissertations (D), reports (R), standards (S), patents (P) and other unspecified articles (Z) are all monographs, and the entries include: author's name, title, edition and publication. If the reference is a periodical, the entries include: author's name, edition, year, month, volume (issue) to year, month and volume (issue). Place of publication: publishing house, year of publication; If the reference is an electronic document, the items include: the author's name, the title of the electronic document, the source or website of the document, and the date of publication or update.

Intermediate thesis topic model essay

abstract:

Educational practice is an important way to mold professional teachers. However, at present, normal universities do not really take educational practice as a course, and pre-service teacher training still follows the rational orientation of emphasizing professional knowledge. The educational practice curriculum of primary education specialty needs to be reformed urgently. It is necessary to correctly understand its professional significance, scientifically construct the practical curriculum system, reasonably select the curriculum content, and correctly implement and evaluate it.

Key words:

Reform of Teaching Practice Course for Primary Education Majors

In recent years, the pre-service training model of teachers has been challenged unprecedentedly, and the most criticized is the disconnection between theory and practice. Although the major of primary education has only appeared in higher education for about ten years, the problem of educational practice has become increasingly prominent. These problems lead to the serious defects of pre-service teachers, such as weak professional feelings, insufficient accumulation of practical knowledge, insufficient practical education and teaching experience, and prolonged work adaptation period, which affect the quality of personnel training. Educational practice curriculum has become a bottleneck factor that seriously affects the development of primary education specialty. Breaking through this bottleneck is one of the important tasks of curriculum reform in normal universities.

First, a correct understanding of the meaning of educational practice

For a long time, people have a narrow understanding of educational practice in the process of teacher education, and often equate it with educational practice, mainly because educational practice has always been the only opportunity for normal students to go deep into primary and secondary schools in teacher education. However, this training mode of "theory first, then practice" and "theory and practice are out of touch" has been widely questioned.

After the primary education specialty is implanted into the higher education system, in order to truly cultivate undergraduate primary school teachers with high degree of specialization, that is, to be competent as soon as possible, to adapt to the new requirements of the basic education curriculum reform and the needs of future social development, we must first break through the traditional concept that "educational practice is educational practice", and before normal students enter primary schools for educational practice, they should be fully prepared in various aspects such as teachers' awareness and professional accomplishment, teachers' basic skills, educational teaching skills, educational research ability, etc. At the same time, after the end of educational practice, normal students should also be given the opportunity to reflect, correct mistakes, fill gaps and practice again, so as to understand the combination of practice and practice.

Therefore, the "educational practice" in teacher education includes not only the practice of primary schools, but also the practice of normal universities and other educational places. From the content of activities, it includes not only educational practice with multiple tasks, but also activities such as teachers' basic skills practice, textbook learning, educational and teaching skills practice, educational and scientific research learning, and social service. From the way of activities, it should include cooperative discussion, observation (internship), simulation teaching (microteaching), participation in competitions, internship, paid or voluntary service, etc. From the organizational form of activities, it should include collective practice, group-based practice and individual independent practice. From the perspective of organization and management, in addition to the activities organized by the school, there can also be spontaneous practical activities of normal students under the guidance of school teachers.

Second, correctly grasp the professional significance of educational practice courses

Teachers' profession has "dual professionalism", and teacher education curriculum is the decisive factor to form teachers' dual professionalism.

Teacher education curriculum should include educational beliefs and responsibilities, educational knowledge and skills, educational practice and experience, not just pedagogy, psychology and teaching materials and methods. Teacher education courses can be divided into two categories: educational theory courses and educational practice courses. Educational practice course and educational theory course are both professional basic courses for primary education majors, and they are a comprehensive practical course with practicality as the mainstay.

Educational practice course is the core part of teacher education course in normal universities, which embodies the characteristics of teacher education and primary education specialty. The reason is: 1. Primary and secondary school teachers regard "educational behavior and activities" as their professional performance, not as majors. The most distinctive and essential feature of primary and secondary education activities is practicality, not theory; 2. The distinctive practicality of primary and secondary education and teaching activities requires primary and secondary school teachers to have certain practical knowledge. This kind of practical knowledge corresponds to teachers' ontological knowledge and conditional knowledge, and the basic way to obtain it is the real educational situation and educational scene. Without the course of educational practice, the cultivation of pre-service teachers' practical knowledge is empty talk. Therefore, the educational practice course has the core value in the whole teacher education course; 3. Primary school education and teaching is simple in terms of its content, but complicated in terms of psychology of its teaching content. In fact, the younger the target of education, the higher the requirements for teachers' professional quality, and the professional quality of primary school teachers is more reflected in their' practical knowledge'. Rich practical knowledge is the most important professional support for primary school teachers.

Thoughts on the reform of educational practice courses for primary education majors

(A) the appropriate choice of educational practice curriculum content

The educational practice course of primary education major in normal universities should include the following specific contents.

1. Professional Emotion Training

The cultivation of professional emotion mainly includes: a preliminary understanding of primary education and an understanding of its significance; Understand the daily work and professional quality of primary school teachers; Love primary school students, willing to engage in primary education. The purpose is to help normal students consciously develop themselves with the quality requirements of "teachers" and promote their transformation from passively accepting learning as students to studying educational phenomena as prospective teachers. The implementation of the course should be flexible and diverse, and you can go out or come in. If you can arrange exchange activities with primary school teachers, you should communicate with excellent teachers and young teachers who have graduated from normal universities and achieved more, so as to urge normal freshmen to set long-term and short-term goals.

2. The cultivation of the class teacher's working ability

The cultivation of class teachers' working ability mainly includes the practice of (1) class collective construction. Require the society to formulate class collective construction plans, class semester work plans and summaries; (2) Students' case study practice. Ask to learn to help "underachievers" and learn to write a case study report of children; (3) Design and organization practice of class team activities. It is required to learn to design and organize class team theme activities, which can better reflect the design scheme; (4) The design and organization practice of extracurricular activities requires learning to make plans for extracurricular activities in classes and organize extracurricular activities for primary school students, which meets the requirements of activities.

3. The cultivation of teaching ability

The cultivation of teaching ability mainly includes three aspects: basic teaching skills, basic teaching skills and basic teaching links.

(1) Basic teaching skills. Including Chinese writing (three strokes), Putonghua and teachers' spoken language, impromptu speech, stick figure and so on.

(2) Classroom teaching skills. Including introduction skills, explanation skills, questioning skills, classroom organization skills, communication and interaction skills, creating situation skills, blackboard writing skills and ending skills.

(3) The basic link of teaching. Including teaching design, class, lecture and evaluation, openness, personalized homework design, individual counseling and so on.

4. Cultivation of educational and scientific research ability

The cultivation of educational scientific research ability mainly includes: (1) case study writing. Be able to select cases, collect data around cases, and write a case description that meets the requirements; Be able to analyze cases and write case study reports that meet the standards. (2) Write educational stories. Can write educational stories that meet the requirements. (3) Educational action research. Can take the form of group cooperation, conduct action research around the problems found in educational probation, and write action research reports that meet the requirements.

5. Self-cultivation of professional knowledge

Based on our own resources and the development trend of primary education and teaching, we can determine several self-professional specialties, such as the ability to integrate information technology with teaching content. Including the ability to make multimedia courseware and the ability to use network resources for teaching. Another example is the ability of bilingual teaching, which can teach mathematics, morality, society, science and other subjects in the middle and upper grades of primary schools.

(B) the correct implementation and evaluation of educational practice courses

1. Basic principles of implementation

First, it is necessary to combine in-class and out-of-class, mainly combining activity courses such as educational probation and educational practice with subject courses. The second is the combination of concentration and dispersed phase, which makes the practice scattered and relatively concentrated. The third is the combination of school and off-campus. While doing a good job in on-campus education and training, we must pay full attention to the role of off-campus space. All kinds of educational practice bases should become the main platform for off-campus educational practice.

2. Basic ways and forms of implementation

The basic ways of implementing educational practice curriculum are divided into two types: on-campus practice and off-campus practice. The concrete practice forms of the school mainly include subject teaching, microteaching, group simulation training, various teaching practice competitions, club activities, teaching assistants, research assistants, management assistants, dormitory daily practice activities, primary school teachers' forums, observation classes and so on. The specific forms of off-campus practice mainly include educational probation, educational practice, teachers' growth cooperation group, family education, being a training (counseling) class teacher, and social practice activities during holidays.

3. Assessment and evaluation

(1) Contact students' points in educational practice activities, and appropriately increase the credit ratio of educational practice courses.

(2) Formulate the evaluation index system of educational practice courses and establish corresponding evaluation institutions.

(3) The basic teaching skills shall be subject to the qualification certificate system and assessed regularly every year. People who fail a basic teaching skill cannot enter teaching practice.

(4) Diversification of evaluation subjects. For every important educational practice, students' self-evaluation, group mutual evaluation and the evaluation of instructors (including primary school instructors) are combined.

References:

Zhong hui Innovation and Development of Primary School Teacher Training in China [J]. Global Education Outlook, 20 16, (1).

[2] Liu Jie. Specialization: teachers who challenge 2 1 century [M]. Beijing: Education Science Press, 2002.

[3] Zhang Hua. Curriculum and teaching theory [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Education Press, 20 14.

[4] Wang. Guide to concentrated practice in primary education [M]. Beijing: China Radio and TV University Press, 2003.

Extension: Comment on the Standards for Publishing Intermediate Thesis Topics

The title evaluation of intermediate papers includes published papers, award-winning papers and topics. Its identification work is more complicated, and front-line teachers can grasp it from the following aspects when understanding the identification standards:

First, from the requirements of publishing papers.

It must be educational and teaching papers, treatises, teaching materials, and the categories of knowledge, news, literature, problem sets, counseling materials, and job introductions are not recognized. If it is an officially published monograph, translation or teaching materials or teaching reference materials organized by the education authorities, there is a certain word requirement (generally more than 20,000 words).

It should be noted that the published papers must be educational publications with official serial numbers (including quasi-serial numbers at or above the provincial level), and non-educational magazines or educational supplements, albums, papers, fund-raising publications and local newspapers are generally not recognized. In addition, the notice and proof of the manuscript will not be used as the basis for publication. Some magazines look like big brands and have various publishing elements, such as serial numbers. It may be replaced by illegal publications, such as Asia Education, China Modern Education Forum, China Contemporary Education Magazine, China Education Research, China Centennial Education, China Education, Contemporary Quality Education, China Education and China Education. Teachers should not be fooled.

Some teachers may say, how can we make it clear? In fact, it is not easy to distinguish between formal publications and informal publications, but it is not difficult. There are still some ways to make a general distinction. For example, publications sponsored by the education departments of various provinces and cities (such as Jiangsu Education, Anhui Education, Shanghai Education, etc. ), journals of normal universities, professional journals of various disciplines, etc. (Refer to the online catalogues of some government data journals) They are basically formal publications. Teachers are advised to contribute to such publications. Most informal publications look more like collections of essays. In particular, it is basically problematic to send a contract notice directly to the teacher, indicating how much to charge. Teachers are advised not to contribute to these publications in general.

Second, from the requirements of the winning thesis.

It must be an award made by the competent education department, and the award must have an award certificate or award-winning document. The evaluation results of papers organized by social academic groups or magazines that do not involve educational business departments and conference exchanges are generally not recognized. Therefore, teachers must be cautious when they participate in paper evaluation outside the provincial and municipal education departments, no matter how high the title of the evaluation unit is. The key is to have the recommendation of the local education department and relevant documents or certificates to identify it. The bigger the brand, the more cautious the paper review, and it is best to report it after the approval of the local education department. If the awarding unit of the same paper has more than one official seal, the level is generally determined by the unit with the lowest level.

Third, the main requirements are complex.

Generally, it must be a project approved by the relevant teaching, research and scientific research management department, and I must be the host. Standardization projects are generally declared step by step, and cannot be approved beyond the level. If it is a local or leapfrog project, it must be recommended by the local teaching, research and scientific research management department and provide relevant documents or certificates organized by the recommending department, otherwise it will not be recognized. Participate in and undertake the demotion appraisal of sub-topics of this kind of topic.

According to the standard, open topics will not be identified. Project materials require standardized project research plan, project documents and moderator's certificate (or project notice); Staged achievement materials; Basic materials such as research reports, experts' expert opinions, and conclusion certificates, among which the moderator's certificate and conclusion certificate must be the same person. The lack of these materials is generally not recognized.

Four, about the identification of paper grade are roughly:

1, Core Journals: Core Journals as stipulated in the documents of the Provincial Department of Education (see the publications listed in the Catalogue of Core Journals in China, which can be consulted online). The identification of such publications began this year, mainly to prepare for the declaration of the title of professor-level teachers in the future.

2, provincial and above or award-winning: publications such as academic journals of colleges and universities (only the journals of our school are confirmed, and internal newspapers and periodicals supplements are not recognized. If there is an official number of professional newspapers and periodicals published, it can be regarded as municipal). If the winning paper is awarded by the provincial and above education departments, it will be regarded as the first prize; Other awards were downgraded in turn. Topics, such as those approved by the provincial and above Education Science Planning Office and the Provincial Department of Education (Provincial Academy of Educational Sciences) related to teaching, scientific research, management departments and other educational business departments.

3. Municipal commendation is like an educational publication of the Municipal Education Bureau; The first prize of the paper selected by the municipal education department is regarded as the municipal level, and the second prize as the county level. Projects approved by the municipal education science planning office for the record or the relevant teaching, scientific research, management departments and other education business departments.

If the above is not clear, you can also contact me directly, and I will make some reference suggestions. In a word, the purpose of thesis evaluation is to evaluate intermediate titles fairly and guide teachers to carry out scientific research seriously. Therefore, I still hope that teachers should not be opportunistic, lucky or plagiarized, but should seriously carry out educational and teaching research, form papers through research and truly develop themselves through research.

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