Question 2: Do you want to write an abstract for literature review? Why don't you write a summary for others to read later? In addition, a summary writing format is attached:
The format of literature review is different from that of general research papers. This is because the research papers focus on literature review.
The research methods and results, while the literature review introduces the information, trends, progress, prospects and comments related to the theme in detail. Therefore, the format of literature review is relatively diverse, but generally speaking, it includes the following four parts: preface, theme, summary and references. When writing a literature review, you can write an outline according to these four parts, and then write according to the outline.
order
The preface should use concise words to explain the purpose and necessity of writing, the definition of related concepts, the scope of summary, the present situation and trend of related issues, and the focus of current major issues. The preface is generally 200-300 words, not more than 500 words.
main body
Writing is the focus of review, and writing has no fixed format. As long as the comprehensive content can be better expressed, the author can creatively adopt various forms. The text mainly includes two parts: argumentation and argumentation. By asking questions, analyzing and solving problems, we can compare different scholars' views on the same problem and their theoretical basis, and further clarify the context of the problem and the author's own views. Of course, the author can also put forward different views from the historical background, present situation and development direction of the problem. The body part can be divided into several subheadings according to the content.
summary
Summary is a brief summary of the main body of the comment. The author should comprehensively evaluate various viewpoints and put forward them from the literature review.
The author points out the existing problems and the future development direction and prospect. A simple summary can also be omitted.
refer to
References are an important part of the review. The number of general references can reflect the breadth and depth of the author's reading. Different magazines have different requirements on the number of references for review papers, generally less than 30 articles are appropriate, with the latest documents in the last 3-5 years as the main ones.
Question 3: Do you need to write abstracts and keywords in literature review? 5 points Literature review format and writing skills (with literature review model) Literature review is an information research achievement that researchers comprehensively describe the research status of a certain issue on the basis of reading, selecting, comparing, classifying, analyzing and synthesizing the literature. The collection, arrangement and analysis of literature laid the foundation for the writing of literature review. The format of literature review generally includes: introduction of literature review: including the reason, significance, scope, text title and basic content overview of literature; Literature review body: It is the main content of literature review, including history (seeking the development process of research problems), present situation, basic content (seeking the progress of understanding), research method analysis (seeking the reference of research methods), solved problems and remaining problems, and paying attention to the current influence and development trend in detail, which not only enables researchers to determine the research direction, but also facilitates others to understand the starting point and breakthrough point of this study. The conclusion of literature review: the conclusion of literature research, summarizing my own research viewpoints, existing different opinions and problems to be solved, etc. Appendix to literature review: list the references and explain the materials on which the literature review is based, so as to increase the credibility of the review and facilitate readers' further retrieval. Literature review is an academic paper written by collecting a large amount of information on a certain topic and making comprehensive analysis. It is a scientific document. Literature review reflects the latest progress, academic viewpoints and suggestions of an important subject in a branch or field. It can often reflect the new trends, new trends, new levels, new principles and new technologies of related issues. Asking students to learn to write abstracts has at least the following advantages: ① Through the process of collecting documents, they can be further familiar with the retrieval methods of scientific documents and the accumulation methods of materials; In the process of searching, we also expanded our knowledge; (2) Searching for literature and writing literature review is the first step of selecting topics and conducting scientific research, so learning the writing of literature review is also a process of laying the foundation for future scientific research activities; (3) By summarizing the writing process, the ability of induction, analysis and synthesis can be improved, which is conducive to the improvement of independent work ability and scientific research ability; ④ Literature review covers a wide range, which can be large or small, difficult or easy. The summary of graduation project should be written in combination with the nature of the project. Literature review is similar to "reading report", "literature review" and "research progress", all of which are summarized from a special research paper or report. However, literature review is different from "reading report" and "literature review". It simply summarizes the first-class literature objectively, and does not only pay attention to the scientific process like "research progress". Its characteristic is "synthesis", which requires comprehensive analysis, induction and arrangement of literature materials to make the materials more concise, clear and logical; "Narration" refers to a more professional, comprehensive, in-depth and systematic discussion of the comprehensively sorted literature. In a word, literature review is a scientific paper in which the author comments on the historical background, predecessors' work, controversial focus, research status and development prospect of a certain issue. Writing a literature review generally goes through the following stages: selecting a topic, collecting and reading literature, drawing up an outline (including induction, collation and analysis) and writing. 1. Choosing a topic and collecting reading literature and writing a literature review are usually out of certain needs, such as choosing a topic for an academic conference, engaging in a certain scientific research, and accumulating literature for a certain aspect. Therefore, the author is generally clear about the topic of literature review, not as difficult as the topic of scientific research. Literature review has a wide range of topics, from large to small, from a field and a discipline to an algorithm, a method and a theory, which can be determined according to your own needs. After selecting the topic, we should collect the related documents around the topic. Relevant methods of document collection, such as reading monographs, yearbook, browsing, snowballing and retrieval, are not described here. The more complete the document collection, the better, so the most commonly used method is retrieval. After collecting the references related to the topic, it is necessary to read, summarize and sort out these references. It is very important to choose a representative, scientific and reliable research document from these documents. In a sense, the quality of reading and selecting documents directly affects the level of literature review. Therefore, when reading literature, you should write "reading notes", "reading experience" and "document extract card" Have your own language to write down the enlightenment, experience and ideas you get when you study, and put the documents ... >>
Question 4: What should I pay attention to when writing a literature review? Literature review is not only the induction and synthesis of a series of unrelated internal substantive meanings, but also the synthesis of related research ideas of predecessors. The basic steps are: 1. Step one: induction and comprehensive induction. There are two main ways to collect documents: one is through various retrieval tools, such as literature citation, abstract magazine retrieval, or CD-ROM or library collection; The second is to extract the relevant literature catalogue from comprehensive articles, monographs, teaching materials and other references. First, read the abstract and summary of the literature to determine whether it is related to the research and whether it needs to be included in the literature review. Secondly, according to the needs of relevant scientific theories and research, the collected literature is further screened, and the research problems, objectives, main points, achievements and conclusions, existing problems, conceptual deficiencies and unanswered questions in the literature are recorded in detail and systematically. Classify the related and similar internal substantive meanings respectively, compare and analyze the documents with inconsistent conclusions, and judge right or wrong according to certain evaluation principles. At the same time, the source of each piece of information should indicate the complete source.
2. Step 2: Summary. Different disciplines have different requirements and expectations for citation abstracts. Although literature review is actually more than an abstract, it is necessary to conceptualize and organize the research results. Its practice includes organizing materials and linking them with papers or research questions; Integrate the review results and pick out the known and unknown parts; Sorting out the advantages and disadvantages in the literature; The problems to be further studied are put forward.
The third step: criticism. Whether the literature review is valuable depends not only on the amount of new information and knowledge, but also on the ideas and viewpoints of the authors and editors of the literature. When reading literature, we should stop external influence or even interference, objectively describe and compare the concepts, essentials, characteristics and achievements of relevant academic portals at home and abroad, and evaluate their advantages and disadvantages. Critical comments must be accurate, self-evident and informative. The degree of criticism mainly lies in whether the central concepts and arguments put forward in the article can be analyzed, summarized and briefly evaluated. The third step is to criticize whether it meets some basic writing standards, that is, to judge whether it is a good article depends on the standards of articles and comments cited in the literature. Some scholars in Taiwan Province Province summarized it as representativeness, uniqueness, relevance, seasonality and conciseness.
Step four: propose. Usually, literature review is based on the style of comparative criticism, analyzing two or more different schools of thought, problems or different positions held by different people. The standard style proposed by the University of Hong Kong has three options: introduction, text and conclusion. The last step of literature review is to put forward new research directions and suggestions on the basis of review and analysis. According to the historical development, the recent situation at home and abroad, and the possible influence of other professional categories on this professional category, according to the mainstream and laws found in vertical and horizontal comparison, this paper points out the possibility of several developments, their possible significant influence and possible problems, and makes predictions in advance, so as to put forward new research plans and affirm the possibility of achieving results.
Question 5: Can the abstract of the paper be the same as that of the literature review? It's different.
Literature review is an academic paper written by collecting a large amount of information on a certain topic and making comprehensive analysis. It is a scientific document.
Format and writing
The format of literature review is different from that of general research papers. This is because research papers focus on research methods and results, especially positive results, while literature review requires readers to introduce detailed information, trends, progress, prospects and comments in the above aspects. Therefore, the format of literature review is relatively diverse, but generally speaking, it includes the following four parts: preface, theme, summary and references. When writing a literature review, you can write an outline according to these four parts, and then write according to the outline.
The preface mainly explains the purpose of writing, introduces related concepts and definitions, outlines the scope, and briefly explains the current situation or focus of debate of related topics, so that readers can have a preliminary outline of the problems to be described in the full text.
The theme part is the main body of the summary, and the writing methods are diverse and there is no fixed format. It can be summarized in chronological order and compared from different angles according to different problems. No matter which format is adopted, the collected documents should be summarized, sorted, analyzed and compared, and the historical background, present situation and development direction of related topics and comments on these issues should be made clear. In the theme part, we should pay special attention to representative, scientific and creative references and comments.
In the summary part, it is similar to the summary of research papers, so it is best to briefly summarize the theme of the full text, and the author who has studied the summarized topic puts forward his own opinions. Although references are placed at the end of the article, they are an important part of literature review. Because it not only shows the respect for the author of the cited literature and the basis of the cited literature, but also provides clues for readers to discuss related issues in depth. So take it seriously. The arrangement of references should be clear, easy to find and accurate. Regarding the use of references, the recorded items and formats are the same as those of research papers, and they are not repeated.
Question 6: How to write a summary of literature review? Literature review is an academic paper written after collecting a large amount of information on a certain topic and comprehensive analysis. This is a scientific document.
Kindness Literature review reflects the latest progress, academic viewpoints and suggestions of an important subject in a branch or field, and often reflects.
Present new trends, new trends, new levels, new principles and new technologies of related issues. Writing methods of literature review
Asking students to learn to write summaries has at least the following advantages:
(1) through the process of collecting documents, we are further familiar with the methods of finding scientific documents and accumulating materials; In the process of searching, too
Expand knowledge;
(2) Searching for documents and writing a literature review are the first step in selecting topics and conducting scientific research, so learning the writing of literature review is also for future scientific research.
The process of laying the foundation for the activity;
(3) By summarizing the writing process, the ability of induction, analysis and synthesis can be improved, which is conducive to the improvement of independent work ability and scientific research ability;
④ Literature review covers a wide range, which can be large or small, difficult or easy. The summary of graduation project should be combined with the nature of the project.
Writing.
Literature review is similar to "reading report", "literature review" and "research progress", all of which are special studies from a certain aspect.
Summarize in a document or report. However, unlike "reading report" and "literature review", literature review only puts out the first-class literature objectively.
The summary report is different from "research progress", which only pays attention to the scientific process, and its characteristic is "synthesis", which requires a comprehensive analysis of the literature.
Analyze, summarize and sort out the materials to make them more concise and logical; "Description" refers to the requirement to make more specialized documents after comprehensive arrangement.
A comprehensive, in-depth and systematic exposition. In a word, literature review is the historical background of the author, the work of predecessors and the focus of debate.
Research status and development prospect, etc.
Writing a literature review generally goes through the following stages: selecting a topic, collecting and reading literature, drawing up an outline (including induction, collation and analysis) and
It's written.
I. Format and writing method
The format of literature review is different from that of general research papers. This is because the research papers focus on research methods and results, especially
It is a positive result, and the literature review requires readers to introduce the detailed information, trends, progress, prospects and comments related to the theme.
State. Therefore, the format of literature review is relatively diverse, but generally speaking, it includes the following four parts: preface, theme, summary and references.
When writing literature review, dedication can write an outline according to these four parts, and then write according to the outline.
The preface mainly explains the purpose of writing, introduces related concepts and definitions, and summarizes the scope, and briefly explains related topics or research status.
The focus of the debate provides readers with a preliminary outline of the problems to be described in the full text.
The theme part is the main body of the summary, and the writing methods are diverse and there is no fixed format. It can be summarized in chronological order or according to different problems.
Description can also be compared and summarized according to different viewpoints. No matter which format is adopted, the collected documents should be summarized, sorted out and summarized.
Analyze and compare, clarify the historical background, present situation and development direction of related topics, and comment on these issues. The topic part should pay special attention to generation.
Citation and summary of literature with strong expressiveness, scientificity and creativity.
The summary part, similar to the summary of the research paper, briefly summarizes the theme of the full text, and the authors who have studied the summarized theme are the most.
So that I can put forward my own opinions.
Although references are placed at the end of the article, they are an important part of literature review. Because this is not only a respect and reference to the author of the cited document.
Based on the literature, it provides clues for readers to discuss related issues in depth. So take it seriously. Arrangement of references
Entries should be clear, easy to find and accurate.
Second, the topic selection and reading literature collection
Literature review is usually written for a certain need, such as the theme of an academic conference, engaging in a certain scientific research, accumulating literature for a certain aspect, etc.
Therefore, the author is generally clear about the topic of literature review, not as difficult as the topic of scientific research. Literature review covers a wide range of topics, which can be
Big or small, as big as a field, a discipline, as small as an algorithm, a method and a theory, according to your own needs.
After selecting the topic, we should collect the related documents around the topic. For the relevant methods of document collection, you can read monographs and yearbooks.
......& gt& gt
Question 7: What should be written in the abstract of a general paper? First, the abstract definition
Generally, the purpose, experimental methods, results and final conclusions of the research work should be explained, with emphasis on the results and conclusions. Generally speaking, Chinese abstracts do not exceed 300 words, and foreign abstracts do not exceed 250 substantive words. Figures, tables, chemical structures, symbols and terms that are not widely known and commonly used are not used in the abstract unless absolutely necessary. You can start a new page before the title page (this page has no text), and the abstract of an academic paper is generally placed after the title and author and before the text of the paper.
Abstracts of papers are also called abstracts and executive summaries. It is a short article, which concisely and accurately describes the important contents of the literature, without comments or supplementary explanations. Its basic elements include research objectives, methods, results and conclusions. Specifically, it is the main object and scope of research work, the means and methods adopted, the achievements and important conclusions obtained, and sometimes other important information with intelligence value. It should be self-evident and have the same amount of information as the literature, that is, you can get the necessary information without reading the full text. Needless to say, it needs to be scrutinized word by word. The content must be complete, specific and obvious. Although the English abstract is based on the Chinese abstract, it should consider the needs of readers who can't read Chinese, and the substantive content can't be omitted.
Secondly, the classification of abstracts.
According to different contents, abstracts can be divided into the following three categories: reportorial abstracts, indicative abstracts and reportorial-indicative abstracts.
(1) report summary: Also known as informative summary or informative summary, it is characterized by a comprehensive and concise summary of the purpose, methods, main data and conclusions of the paper. Usually, this abstract can partially replace reading the full text.
(2) Indicative abstract: also often called explanatory abstract, descriptive abstract or argumentative abstract. Generally, only two or three sentences are used to summarize the theme of the paper, and arguments and conclusions are not involved. Mostly used for summary, meeting report, etc. This abstract can be used to help potential readers decide whether they need to read the full text.
(3) Report-indicative summary: the part of the document with high information value is expressed in the form of report summary, and the rest is expressed in the form of indicative summary.
Third, the writing of abstract.
At present, most papers published in China journals use reportable abstracts. That includes the purpose, methods, results and conclusions of the paper. However, the abstract of graduation thesis is mostly an indicative abstract, which summarizes the theme and main content of the article. In the process of writing an indicative abstract, the author should first briefly introduce the writing background of the paper, then briefly introduce the main content of the article, mainly the outline of the article, and finally introduce the research significance of the article.
Four. Matters needing attention in writing abstract of paper
(1) What has become common knowledge in this field should be excluded from the abstract; Never write what should appear in the introduction into the abstract; Generally don't interpret and comment on the content of the paper (especially self-evaluation).
(2) Don't simply repeat the existing information in the topic. For example, if the title of an article is "Study on Rhizome Formation in Vitro Culture of Several Orchids from China", then don't write at the beginning of the abstract: "For.
(3) Rigorous structure, concise expression and exact semantics. What to write first, then what to write, should be arranged in logical order. Sentences should be coherent and echo each other. Use long sentences with caution and keep them as simple as possible. Every sentence should be clear, and there should be no vague, general or vague words, but the abstract is a complete essay after all, and telegraph writing is not enough. The abstract is not segmented.
(4) Use the third person. It is suggested that the description methods such as "research …", "report …" and "investigation …" should be used to indicate the nature and theme of the literature at one time, instead of "this article" and "author" as subjects.
(5) Standardized terms should be used instead of symbols and terms that are not widely known and commonly used. If there are new terms or no suitable Chinese terms, you can indicate the original text in brackets or after translation.
(6) In addition to being really inflexible, mathematical formulas and chemical structural formulas are generally not used, and there are no illustrations and tables.
(7) Unless the literature confirms or denies the published works of others, there is no need to cite them.
(8) Abbreviations, abbreviations and codes must be explained when they first appear, except those that can be clearly understood by adjacent professional readers. Other matters needing attention in writing scientific papers >>
Question 8: How to write the abstract of the abstract? You must write in your own words, that is, simply write down the content, purpose and significance of your paper, which is shorter than the summary. General 100-300 words is enough. Abstract usually appears on the first page of a paper, both in Chinese and English. Good luck!
Question 9: Is the literature review of the thesis opening report the same as the abstract of the thesis? Different, the literature review of the thesis opening report mainly explains the articles published by others in this field, or the achievements made by others in this field, and what other people's views or research results inspire or draw lessons from you. What views or achievements have you drawn from this? The abstract of the paper is mainly to briefly explain the main contents and viewpoints of your paper, and it is best to summarize the viewpoints in your paper into an outline.