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Classical Chinese Translation between Gentleman and Gentleman
1. I have heard the saying of cronies in the translation of the classical Chinese "Little People Without Friends", which has existed since ancient times, but it is good for gentlemen to distinguish between gentlemen and villains. A gentleman and a gentleman are friends of the same road; Villains and villains are like-minded friends. This is natural. However, I said that villains have no friends, and gentlemen have friends. Why? The villain is kind and detached; Greedy people also have deep pockets. When they share the same interests, those who are temporarily regarded as friends by the party are fake. Those who strive for the first place when they see profits, or those who make good use of profits, are all against thieves. Although their brothers and relatives can't protect each other, I call villains friends for the time being, but gentlemen don't. Those who keep it are virtuous, and those who are loyal are glorious. Serving the country is a concentric economy; From beginning to end, so did this gentleman's friend. So, you are a gentleman, but when you quit the fake friend of the villain and use the real friend of the gentleman, the world will be ruled. In Yao's time, the villain, the public and Gui Dou were friends, and the gentleman was eight yuan, and eighteen were friends. Shunzhi Yao retired from the four villains and joined Yuan and Kai's good friend Yao. Wednesday thousand, idealism. "Weeks, hundreds of millions of people are different, that is not a friend. However, they perished. Minister 3 thousand is regarded as a big friend, while Zhou is used for prosperity. When the later Han Dynasty proclaimed himself emperor, they all brought all the famous people in the world and imprisoned them for party member. With the yellow turban insurrectionary thief, there was chaos in the Han Dynasty, and the rear repented and tried to solve party member. Being able to forbid good people to be friends is nothing like offering the emperor to Han; A friend who can kill a clean life is totally different from the world in Tang Zhaozong. However, they all died in chaos. Self-doubt is more suitable for beauty to yield, unlike Shun's twenty-two ministers, who use it without doubt. However, later generations did not blame Shun for being bullied by twenty-two cronies, but called Shun a wise sage who distinguished between gentlemen and villains. In Wu Zhou's world, his country's 3,000 ministers are cited as one. The trace of the rise and fall of chaos can be learned by anyone who is a king! I heard that cronies have existed since ancient times. I just hope the monarch can tell whether they are gentlemen or villains. Generally speaking, gentlemen and gentlemen become cronies because of the same interests, and villains and villains become cronies because of the same interests. This is a natural truth! However, I think villains have no cronies, only gentlemen have them. What is the reason? What I like and covet is salary, not money! When their interests are the same, it is false to temporarily pull each other and collude with each other to become cronies. When they see the benefits, they will compete with each other for them. Sometimes when the interests are gone, they will alienate each other and even hurt each other. Even people who are so close to brothers and relatives can't protect each other. Therefore, I don't think the lieutenants have any cronies. Although they have temporarily become cronies, they are all fake! A gentleman is not like this. They insist on morality, show loyalty and cherish honor. If they use these to cultivate themselves, they will have the same interests and help each other. If we use these to do things for our country, we will help each other with one heart and one mind. This is a gentleman's confidant! Therefore, the monarch should repel the false cronies of the villain and use the true cronies of the gentleman to make the world peaceful. In the era of Tang Yao, four villains, workers and Huan Dou became lineages, while sixteen men, including Gentleman, Eight Yuan and Eight Kai, became lineages. Shun assisted Yao, repelled the villains' cronies of the Four Fierces, and used the gentlemen's cronies of Yuan and Kai, and Yao became a clique in the world. At the same time, they are located in North Korea, praising each other and being humble to each other. A * * * 22 people formed a clique, and Shun was reused, and the world was rectified. The Book of Books says: "There are hundreds of millions of ministers in Zhou Wang, but there are hundreds of millions of people; Zhou has three thousand ministers, but only one confidant. "Zhou Wang in China, hundreds of millions of people, so to speak, did not become cronies. However, Zhou Wang died. Zhou Wuwang's ministers, three thousand people became a big group, but the Zhou Dynasty prospered on these people. After Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, all the celebrities in the world were imprisoned and treated as party member. The yellow turban insurrectionary thief rebelled and the Han Dynasty was in chaos. Later, he realized that he regretted it and let party member go. However, this country is hopeless. By the end of the Tang Dynasty, factional strife gradually appeared. When they arrived in Tang Zhaozong, they killed all the celebrities in the imperial court and threw them into the Yellow River, saying, "These people are very clean and can be thrown into the turbid water! "The Tang Dynasty also perished. No one can compare with Zhou Wang. He can make everyone have different ideas and won't become nepotism. No one can forbid a good man from becoming a confidant, and no one can compare with Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty. Who can kill clean cronies, no one can compare with Tang Zhaozong. However, the result of (these people) is to make the country chaotic and perish. They praise each other and export to each other, without any doubt. No one can compare with the 22 ministers of Shun. Shun also undoubtedly used them. However, later generations did not laugh at Shun being cheated by the cronies of 22 people, but praised Shun as a wise and wise saint, because he could distinguish between a gentleman and a villain! When Zhou Wuwang was in China, all the ministers in China became cliques. Since ancient times, as a clique, there are many and large ones, which can't compare with the Zhou Dynasty. However, the Zhou dynasty flourished because of this. This is because there are too many good people! The process of the previous generation of chaos control can be used for reference by those who are monarchs! Understand that this is an argumentative paper, and discuss around "a villain has no friends, but a gentleman has friends". The author thinks that true friendship is based on "morality", and as for the villain's "like-minded friends", the author thinks that the villain has no friends and it is also false to make friends temporarily. This paper closely compares and analyzes the essential differences between "friends of villains" and "friends of gentlemen", and clearly shows that.

2. A gentleman can be a villain, but refuses to translate the original text for the villain's classical Chinese;

A gentleman and a gentleman are friends of kindred spirits; Villains and villains are like-minded friends. This is natural.

But, I said, a villain has no friends, and a gentleman has friends. What is the reason? The villain is kind and detached; Greedy people have goods and wealth. When they share the same interests, the temporary party becomes friends, which is also false. And strive for the first place at the sight of profit, or gain at the expense of profit, the thief will do harm, although brothers and relatives can't protect each other. That's why I'm called a villain without friends. It's false to be friends for the time being. A gentleman is not. Those who keep it are virtuous, those who do it believe, and those who cherish it are honored. Self-cultivation and self-cultivation benefit the same people; Serve the country, we unite to save. Always, this friend of the monarch is also.

Translation:

Generally speaking, gentlemen and gentlemen form cronies with the same ideal and goal; Villains and villains form cronies with temporary interests. This is a natural truth.

However, I think villains have no cronies, only gentlemen have them. What is the reason? The villain likes wealth, and the greedy is goods and wealth. When their interests coincide, they collude with each other for a while and become cronies. Such cronies are hypocritical. When they compete for profits, or when their friendship becomes more and more distant, they hurt each other, even their brothers and relatives. Therefore, I think that the villain has no cronies, but is a confidant for the time being, which is hypocritical. A gentleman is not like this. They are based on morality, pursue loyalty and cherish reputation and integrity. If we use them to cultivate moral character, we will have the same goal and learn from each other. If you use them to serve your country, you can be consistent and consistent. This is a gentleman's confidant.

3. Translation of the classical Chinese "Party Opposing Differences"

It is said that cronies have existed since ancient times, but fortunately, people can distinguish between gentlemen and villains. It is natural for gentlemen and gentlemen to be friends with the same way, and for villains and villains to be friends with the same interests. But, I said, a villain has no friends, and a gentleman has friends. What is the reason? It is also profitable to be good to the villain, and the greedy also has money. When they are like-minded, the temporary party is regarded as a friend, which is also false; And they are eager to see the benefits, or they give up the benefits, then they are thieves, although their brothers and relatives can't protect themselves. That's why I'm called a villain without friends. It's false to be friends for the time being. A gentleman is not. Those who keep it are virtuous, those who do it believe, and those who cherish it are honored. Self-cultivation and self-cultivation benefit the same people; Serving the country is a concentric economy; Always, this friend of the monarch is also. So, you are a gentleman, but when you quit the fake friend of the villain and use the real friend of the gentleman, the world will be ruled. When Yao was a villain, four people were friends, such as Gong and Gui Dou, and the gentleman was a friend of eight yuan and eighteen people. Shun Zuo Yao abdicated from the friends of the four villains and became friends of Yuan and Kai Junzi, ruling the world by Yao. Shun himself is the son of heaven, and 22 people, such as Gao, Kui, Ji and Qi, are juxtaposed in the DPRK, which is more commensurate with beauty and more consistent. Twenty-two people are all friends. If you make good use of them, the world will be ruled. "Book" said: "I have hundreds of millions, but my heart has hundreds of millions; Zhou has three thousand, the only heart. "At that time, hundreds of millions of people had different minds, so they were not friends, but wanted to die. Three thousand people are ministers and big friends, and Zhou is used for prosperity. When the Emperor was offered in the later Han Dynasty, all the celebrities in the world were imprisoned by the Party. However, the yellow turban insurrectionary thief, the Han rebellion, and the confession in the rear tried to untie the party, but it was hopeless. In the late Tang Dynasty, cronyism gradually rose. When Zhao Zong was in Zhao's reign, he killed all the celebrities of the dynasty or threw them into the Yellow River, saying, "This generation is clean, but you can throw them into the turbid water." Then don died. The master of my husband's past life can make everyone disloyal, not friends. Being able to forbid good people to be friends is nothing like offering the emperor to Han; A friend who can kill a clean stream is like the world of Tang Zhaozong; However, they all died in chaos. Beauty without self-doubt is more appropriate to avoid customs, as if it were suitable for twenty-two ministers and used without doubt; However, later generations did not call Shun a wise saint because he was bullied by twenty-two cronies, so as to distinguish between a gentleman and a villain. In Zhou Wuzhi's world, all three thousand ministers of his country were named as friends. From ancient times to the present, there are many friends like Zhou. However, those who take advantage of this to make a fortune in a week, although there are many good people, are never tired of it. Hoo hoo! The trace of the rise and fall of chaos can be used as a guide for kings.

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I heard that the remarks about cronies have existed since ancient times. I just hope the monarch can tell whether they are gentlemen or villains. It is a natural law that gentlemen and gentlemen become cronies because of common interests, while villains unite to become cronies because of interests.

But I think: villains don't have cronies, but gentlemen do. What is the reason? What little people love and covet is wages and money. When they have the same interests, it is false to collude with each other and temporarily become cronies; When they see the interests and rush to each other, or when the interests are exhausted and the friendship is indifferent, they will hurt each other in turn, and even brothers and relatives will not protect each other. Therefore, it is also false that the villain has no cronies, and he has temporarily become a confidant. A gentleman is not like this: adhere to morality, fulfill loyalty and cherish honor. Use these to improve your self-cultivation, then the same interests can complement each other. Use these to do things for the country, so that if you have the same view, you can move forward together. Consistency, this is a gentleman's confidant. Therefore, as long as the monarch can repel the villain's fake cronies and use the gentleman's real cronies, then the world will be stable.

Four villains, such as Gong and Xiang Dou, became nepotism, while sixteen gentlemen, such as Eight Yuan and Eight Kai, became nepotism. Shun assisted Yao, repelled the villain cronies of the "Four Fierces" and accepted the gentleman cronies of "Yuan and Kai", and the world was at peace. When Yu Shun established himself as emperor, 22 people, including Wei, Ji and Qi, were also included in the imperial court. They recommended each other and gave each other humility, and a * * * 22 people became nepotism. But Yu Shun used them all, and the world was thus rectified. "Shangshu" said: "There were hundreds of millions of ministers and hundreds of millions of hearts in Shang and Zhou Dynasties; There are three thousand ministers in Zhou, but they are of one heart. " In Shang Zhouwang, hundreds of millions of people have different opinions, so they can't be cronies, but Zhou Wang died. Zhou Wuwang's liegeman, 3,000 people formed a large group, but the Zhou Dynasty flourished because of it. When the Emperor was offered in the later Han Dynasty, all the celebrities in the world were imprisoned and regarded as "party member". The yellow turban insurrectionary thief came, and there was chaos in the Han Dynasty. Then he repented and let him go, but it was hopeless. At the end of the Tang dynasty, the discussion of cronies gradually rose. When they arrived in Zhaozong, all the celebrities in the imperial court were killed, and some were thrown into the Yellow River, saying that "these people should be thrown into the turbid water if they pretend to be honest". The Tang Dynasty also perished.

The monarch of the previous generation can make everyone disloyal and not be nepotism, and no one can match Shang Zhouwang; No one can prohibit a good man from becoming a confidant, and no one is as good as Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty. No one can kill the confidant of "Qingliu" like Tang Zhaozong; However, they all caused chaos and even extinction in their country. Yu Shun's 22 ministers, who are not as good as who, Yu Shun used it without doubt. However, later generations did not laugh at Yu Shun being cheated by a clique of 22 people, but praised Yu Shun as a wise master because he could distinguish between a gentleman and a villain. In Zhou Wuwang, all courtiers in the country formed a small group of 3000 people. Since ancient times, there have been many cronies, and no one is as good as the Zhou Dynasty. But the Zhou Dynasty flourished because there were many dissatisfied good people. The monarch can learn from the process of governing the rise and fall of chaos in the previous generation.

4. The villain has no friends. What is the author's point of view in the essay "Little People Without Friends"? "The theory of cronies has existed since ancient times, but fortunately people are divided into gentlemen and villains. A gentleman and a gentleman are friends of the same road; Villains and villains are like-minded friends. This is natural. However, I said that villains have no friends, and gentlemen have friends. Why? The villain is kind and detached; Greedy people also have deep pockets. When they share the same interests, those who are temporarily regarded as friends by the party are fake. Those who strive for the first place when they see profits, or those who make good use of profits, are all against thieves. Although their brothers and relatives can't protect each other, I call villains friends for the time being, but gentlemen don't. Those who keep it are virtuous, and those who are loyal are glorious. Serve the country and unite and help each other. From beginning to end, so did this gentleman's friend. Therefore, you are a gentleman, but when you quit the fake friend of the villain and use the real friend of the gentleman, the world will be ruled. " Author's point of view-"A villain has no friends, but a gentleman has friends." Reason-villain: greedy for profit and money "and strive for the first place.

5. The classical Chinese translated by Mr. Wang is from the biography of the later Han Dynasty.

When you are in the countryside, you can calm your heart. It has disputes and needs correct judgment, knowing the right and wrong, and retreating those who have no complaints. So I sighed, "It is better to punish Chen Jun than to lack him." At that time, the people were frugal, and thieves entered their rooms at night and stopped at the beams. Seeing her in the shade of the tree, she called her children and grandchildren from the whole stroke and said in a positive tone, "Madam, you should encourage yourself. Bad people are not necessarily evil, but they are used to sex, which is why they are like this. The gentleman on the beam is outrageous! " The thief was frightened and threw himself on the ground, complaining. Xu Pi said, "You don't look like a villain. You should be self-denying and anti-good. However, this is because of poverty. " I left two pieces of silk. Naturally, there are no thieves in one county.

Translation:

Chen Ya is in the country and treats things with a peaceful mind. When the people fought for a lawsuit, Chen Ya upheld justice and told the people the truth, and the people didn't complain when they returned. Everyone lamented: "I would rather be punished than criticized by Ai Chen." At that time, the harvest was not good and the people had no harvest. The thief entered Chen Ya's house at night and hid on the beam. Chen Ya got up, tidied up his clothes, gathered his descendants, and solemnly warned them, "People have to encourage themselves. Unkind people are not necessarily bad in nature, and (bad) habits are often formed by (not paying attention to) character cultivation, so we have come to this step. The gentleman on the beam is such a person! " Frightened, the thief jumped from the beam to the ground, bowed to the ground and sincerely repented. Chen Ya told him slowly, "You don't look like a bad person. You should restrain yourself and return to the right path. However, your behavior is caused by poverty. " As a result, two pieces of silk were presented to the thief. Since then, there has been no theft in this county.

6. I want to start with the "Litchi gives birth to the Three Gorges" in Wang Dun, one boat at a time, hoping to abolish Ming Di. 1. The guests are full, so it is unfilial to waste them. Every time they say that the emperor is unfilial, they say, "Wen Dazhen always leads the East Palace. 3. Later, he was my Sima, and I knew it very well. " Wen said, "A villain cannot judge a gentleman." He asked Wen sternly, "Why is the prince good?" Wen said: "The hook is deep and far away, and the cover is beyond shallow knowledge. However, courtesy can be called filial piety. " Note 1 "Wang Dun" sentence: According to Zi Ji's records, Wang Dun invaded Stone Town in March 322 AD and refused military support. Because the Crown Prince was brave and resourceful, and guided by the ruling and opposition parties, he wanted to abolish the Crown Prince, so he withdrew his troops and returned to Wuchang in April. 1 1 month, Emperor Jinyuan died, and Crown Prince Si Mashao succeeded to the throne. However, this was after the Ming Dynasty acceded to the throne. (2) Wen Taizhen: Wen Qiao, the word is too true, was the illegitimate child of the prince (the prince's valet) and was favored by Si Mashao. After Si Mashao acceded to the throne, he was transferred to the secretariat. Wang Dun was afraid that Jin Mingdi would depend on him, so he made him Sajima. ③ Rate: Wei rate, official name, is an official of the Prince, in charge of the concierge. Press: Wen Taizhen seems to have never done it. Docking in Stone City, his wish is to abolish Ming Di. The guests were full, and Wang Dun knew that Ming Di was clever and wise, and wanted to abolish him on charges of unfilial. Every time he talks about Ming Di's unfilial behavior, he always says, "This is what Wen Taizhen said. He used to be a guard in the East Palace, and later worked as a Sima under me, and he is very familiar with the situation of the Prince. " After a while, Wen Taizhen came, and Wang Dun let him in. Wen Taizhen replied, "A villain cannot judge a gentleman." Wang Dun's expression was so expressive that he wanted to force the other side to obey him by force, so he asked, "What is the basis for praising the prince?" Wen Taizhen said: "The breadth and depth of the knowledge of the prince seems to be beyond the estimation of a shallow person like me;" But serving parents according to etiquette can be called filial piety.

7. The translation of China's classical way of being a gentleman is called Zi Chan. "There are four ways for a gentleman: respect for oneself, respect for things, support for the people with benefits, and the people with righteousness."

Confucius commented on Zi Chan and said, "He has four virtues as a gentleman: solemn behavior, respect for the monarch, benefiting the people and using it for the people."

We don't have to delve into whether Zi Chan has these four kinds of gentlemen's morality. I think Confucius is only here to expound his own standards of gentleman's moral cultivation by evaluating his own property. Judging from these four contents, it seems to be the standard for judging the ruling party, which may have been a relatively high requirement at that time, but according to today's standards, it is far from enough to only achieve these four points. In particular, the requirements of the monarch should be spurned, because the requirements of the times for today's rulers should first respect and serve the people, not just the superiors.

Please translate Mr. Mencius' ancient prose and thank Mencius for saying, "The reason why a gentleman is different from ordinary people lies in his different thoughts.

The idea in a gentleman's heart is benevolence and courtesy. Good people love others, and humble people respect others.

People who love others often love others; People who respect others often respect them. Suppose someone here is rude to me, that gentleman will ask himself: I must be heartless and rude, otherwise how could he treat me like this? If asking yourself is kind and polite, but that person is still rude, then the gentleman must ask himself again: I must be unfaithful, right? If self-doubt is loyal and this person is still arrogant, then this gentleman will say,' This person is just a madman.

"What's the difference between such people and animals? What are animals to blame? Therefore, a gentleman has a lifelong worry, and there is no disaster once. For example, there is such a worry: Shun is a human being and I am also a human being; Shun is a model of the world, and his reputation is passed down to the afterlife, while I am just an ordinary person.

This is something to worry about. Worried? Just like Shun.

As for the gentleman, there is nothing else to worry about. It's not that you don't do well-meaning things, nor that you don't do impolite things.

Even if there is a night of disaster, a gentleman will not feel particularly uncomfortable. "。