Middle school students in adolescence have obvious psychological difficulties and prominent psychological contradictions. From the consultation activities in recent years, the main problems we have learned are as follows:

First, learning problems.

Learning is the main task of students, and the problems surrounding learning account for the main part of middle school students' psychological problems, which are mainly reflected in two aspects:

1. At present, the school's work tasks are heavy, the competition is fierce, parents' expectations are too high, and students' mental pressure is increasing. There is a high school girl, after entering high school, because the teacher's teaching methods have changed, her competitors have also changed, which makes her very uncomfortable, leading to a decline in her academic performance, from the top few junior high schools to high schools 14 1 name. When she came to consult, she said painfully, "/kloc-I feel incompetent for the first time in seven years." Every time I see my parents' expectant eyes, I feel very sad. I don't know what to do to meet my parents' requirements. Now, I am full of depression, worry, sadness and anger. When I saw this book, I was both scared and hated. I really want to throw it out. " Another boy also said that he usually studies well and occasionally gives guidance to others, but he is nervous when the exam is near, always afraid of not doing well in the exam, preparing hard and staying up late. Before the exam, I will feel headache and even have a fever. In the end, I was either forced to interrupt the exam or stick to it, and my grades would not be good. So back and forth, to the point where I was afraid of the exam.

2. Learning weariness is a prominent problem in current learning activities. Not only poor students are unwilling to study, but also students with good grades have this tendency. A student from a key school said: "Whenever I see and hear someone cheating in the exam, my heart is unbalanced. When their grades are not satisfactory, they will complain that the teacher is unfair. They feel that studying hard is really boring and don't want to study any more. Another student told us that there is a saying among students that "promising depends on relationships, and worthless depends on scores." "Students who study well may not have high prestige among students, but students with average grades and good popularity are often favored. They are often elected when recommending various representatives, so they feel that learning is boring and don't want to study hard. There are no other psychological reasons for being tired of learning, such as being laughed at for being slow in response and unwilling to attend classes; Because of the lack of memory and understanding, it is difficult to improve my grades and lose confidence in myself. Some even hate books, teachers and truancy. A classmate once wrote in his diary: "It's after 1 1 o'clock in the evening. Looking at the textbooks, English dictionaries and exercise books on the desk ... I really want to burn them to ashes at once." Show strong anxiety, resentment and helplessness. This kind of problem deserves our deep thought.

Second, interpersonal problems.

This is also one of the problems that middle school students reflect the most, mainly including:

1, the relationship with teachers. The main reason is that teachers don't understand students. Too much interference with students' spare time life and normal communication, resulting in drowsiness and trouble. A middle school student said that once he asked a girl in the same class about her homework, she was severely criticized by the teacher after seeing it, and she took it in her hand as a pigtail and easily found it out for everyone to see. "Do you think I don't know you?" This seriously hurt his self-confidence and caused his antipathy and opposition to the teacher. The teacher pointed out that he was biased towards the west, but his heart was contradictory. Another student cadre visited and said that it is really difficult to be a class cadre now. It is difficult to be a class cadre at both ends, regardless of things. The teacher criticizes you for being irresponsible and in charge, and it is inevitable that you will have an argument with some classmates. If there is a quarrel, the teacher will criticize the class cadres first, so he feels very wronged. Angry with the teacher, dare not contradict; If you want to quit, you are afraid of losing the trust of the teacher. The dilemma is contradictory. I don't know what to do. In addition, there are some other ideas, such as: those who think teachers are "too poor to love rich people", those who think teachers are "unfair", those who think teachers "look down on themselves", and so on. Both reflect the problem of the relationship between teachers and students in the school.

2. Relationship with classmates. I mainly make friends, and I am worried about not handling the relationship between friends well. A student said that one of his good friends always distrusts him, doubts his friendship with his friends and thinks that he has not paid enough for his friends, which makes him very upset. He doesn't know what to do to dispel the doubts of his friends. There is also a girl who is caught in the middle because of the contradiction between two good friends. She was afraid that B and A would be unhappy if they contacted, and that A and B would not understand if they contacted. Finally, the two friends simply stopped dating, but she was very lonely inside and didn't know what to do if she wanted to restore relations with her friends. In addition, some students suspect that from junior high school to senior high school, there are fewer and fewer friends, no real friendship, no real friends, and then they want to die and live in seclusion.

3. Relationship with parents. It is mainly due to the lack of mutual understanding and communication between parents and children, or the mental damage caused by family relations to students. For example, a student said, "I often have trouble with my mother, and I get upset when I hear her scold me." Sometimes I really want to leave and never come back, but I can't bear to see her thin and tired face and gray hair. I live in this inner contradiction every day. I really don't know what to do. " There is also a student whose family is not harmonious and his parents often quarrel. Once my mother was on a business trip, my father brought a woman back for the night. From then on, he never wanted to stay in that house, hated his father, didn't want to see his parents again, and wanted to go out all day, so he was bored. I feel that people are really bored and have the idea of being world-weary. It can be seen that the bad behavior of parents brings not only disgust and contempt to children, but also deeper inner trauma.

Third, emotional problems.

Youth is the season of flowers. At this stage, people's secondary sexual characteristics gradually develop and their sexual consciousness gradually matures. At this time, the mood is more sensitive and impulsive, full of curiosity and yearning for the opposite sex, and of course it will be accompanied by a lot of emotional sleepiness. For example, the excitement of first love, the frustration of lovelorn love, the trouble of unrequited love and so on. It comes down to two aspects.

First, it is the emotional entanglement with peers, mostly because of the close communication between classmates. When consulting, we often encounter such a question, "I am very close to a boy, and now he has gone to college." Can I establish a relationship with him? " "I had a good talk with a male classmate and wanted to develop into a good friend of my soul mate. I am afraid that the teacher's parents will not agree, which will have a bad influence. What should I do? " "I like a boy, but several female students like him. Should I compete or retire? " Wait a minute.

The second is the problem of abnormal love with adults, such as unmarried cohabitation, involvement in extramarital affairs, homosexuality and so on. Although this situation is not common among middle school students, it is not uncommon, and it is mostly manifested in some precocious girls. There is a girl in senior three who studies very well and is very smart. The school still wants to send her to college, but she lives with a man 10 years older than her and has a family. Moreover, it is said that she did it not for money, but for "feelings." Although, intellectually speaking, I know it's not good, I just can't help myself. I live in contradiction and pain every day. Another student fell in love with an English teacher ten years older than himself. Knowing that there is no result, I still can't help but dislike him. I just want to meet and spend the whole day with each other. When the other person doesn't accept this emotion, he will feel that life is meaningless and even have suicidal thoughts. In addition, there are some abnormal love phenomena, such as jealous mother who loves you and adult partner of the same sex, which fully shows that the emotional problems of middle school students are not simple. Facing the complicated psychological situation of students, as an educator and psychologist, I am deeply worried, and I am more clear about the significance of developing mental health education in middle schools. How should I do this job? I think the specific methods are as follows.

(1) Set up special mental health education courses in middle schools to help students understand the knowledge of psychological science and master certain psychological adjustment skills. It can be divided into two parts: one part is knowledge theory class, such as lectures on mental health knowledge, psychological adjustment and answering questions, discussion on key issues, etc. In the study of psychological knowledge, we can clearly understand and correct our ideas and treat our psychological conflicts with a positive attitude. The other part is activity training class, which is the most effective way to carry out mental health education for middle school students. Activities include: sketch performances, role simulation games, mutual visits and questions. In the activities, students can not only learn social skills of introducing themselves, understanding others and making friends with others, but also master some psychological adjustment means such as transferring emotions, venting pain and venting anger, so as to nip in the bud.

(2) Infiltrate the contents of psychological counseling into regular educational activities. In fact, the teaching of each subject itself contains the content of psychological education. As long as the guidance of psychological education is added in preparing lessons, the teaching content can be deepened. For example, Chinese class contains many factors of emotional education; Labor class and physical education class can arrange frustration education to increase students' frustration and exercise their willpower. The best way is to add the subsection goal of psychological education to the teaching purpose of each subject, so as to change the education mode from knowledge education to quality education and psychological education.

(3) To establish a psychological counseling and adjustment room in middle schools, besides general counseling and negotiation, we can also adopt some simple psychotherapy methods to suit the remedy to the case. For example, before the college entrance examination, there will always be some students who have test anxiety, showing symptoms such as nervousness and insomnia. Psychological counselors can concentrate on relaxation therapy for students. Help them ease their nervousness and adjust their motivation to take the exam in order to get good grades. Psychological counseling and adjustment in schools are different from general counseling clinics in society. In practice, students' psychological characteristics should also be considered and implemented:

1. Guide students to vent their bad emotions reasonably. Because teenagers are immature and emotionally unstable. It is often uncontrollable to vent when encountering emotional setbacks. Consultants should understand this feature, create reasonable vent channels for them and prevent improper venting. Better methods: first, let them speak freely; Second, guide the transfer of emotions and replace negative emotions with positive ones; Thirdly, comfort them with music and adjust their mood with beautiful and gentle music.

2. Desalinate passive education and cultivate self-help ability. Teenagers' self-help ability is still developing, and they are highly dependent on success. Therefore, in the process of counseling and consultation, special attention should be paid to helping them form self-help ability. In the process of consultation, we focus on guidance and encouragement, and look for solutions on the basis of helping him analyze problems.

3. Pay attention to behavior training and cultivate students' good behavior habits. Middle school students' self-rationality and self-control are not mature enough, and many psychological obstacles are related to bad behavior habits. Such as insomnia, in addition to psychological reasons, a very important influence is bad work and rest habits. Therefore, when adjusting it, we should pay special attention to behavior training, and it is best to help it design a training plan, and help it correct bad behavior step by step and develop good habits according to the principles and practices of behavior therapy.

4. Pay attention to self-image and increase students' trust. Because middle school students are still in the stage of idolatry, and the process of accepting advice is also affected by the "halo effect", the image of consultants in their minds will directly affect the effect of consultation. There are two beneficial ways: first, strengthen personal cultivation, pay attention to the handsome role of daily life, and avoid forming a bad image in students' minds; Second, pay sincere attention to the psychological confusion faced by students, and seek solutions on this basis to avoid abusing sympathy as a bystander, damaging students' self-esteem and leading to consultation failure.

To sum up, we can see that the current situation of middle school students' mental health can not be ignored, which gives us a warning signal. As psychologists, they have the responsibility to shoulder this burden. We can't just stay at the level of understanding and analyzing problems, but try to solve these problems, so that mental health education has practical significance.