The logistics distribution mode of Jingdong Express 1
Jingdong Express started to build its own logistics system in 2007, and invested heavily in establishing a logistics company in 2009 to establish a nationwide logistics distribution system. In recent years, JD.COM Mall has established six major logistics centers in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Wuhan and Shenyang, and established secondary warehouses in individual cities. Established on 20 10, "East China Logistics Warehouse Center" now undertakes more than half of the logistics distribution tasks of JD.COM Mall and becomes the largest warehouse center of JD.COM Mall. With the continuous growth of the logistics market, JD.COM Mall has launched the "2 1 1 limited time" logistics distribution service, which makes the logistics distribution more efficient.
Jingdong Express's logistics and distribution services are divided into four modes:
1.FBP mode
FBP distribution mode is a logistics distribution mode supported by the whole process. The workflow is shown in figure 1. After the cooperation between the merchant and JD.COM Mall is confirmed, the merchant uploads the store information and price tag in JD.COM Mall to prepare the goods. After the consumer generates the order, JD.COM Mall transfers the goods from the warehouse, prints the invoice and delivers the goods at the same time. After JD.COM completes the transaction, he will settle with the merchant. JD.COM Mall distributes goods according to consumers' orders and issues invoices. Merchants check the inventory information and replenish goods in time. Thereby reducing the cost of goods transportation and logistics distribution in the distribution process. As the merchants prepare the goods in advance, JD.COM Mall can deliver the goods in the first time, shortening the delivery time and realizing the service of "2 1 1" proposed by JD.COM.
2.LBP mode
LBP distribution mode is a distribution mode without stocking in advance. The workflow is shown in Figure 2. After the cooperation between the merchant and JD.COM Mall is confirmed, the merchant does not need to prepare goods, but only needs to package and deliver the goods within 12 hours, and arrive at the JD.COM distribution center within 36 hours, and JD.COM will deliver the goods and issue an invoice. When JD.COM Mall cooperates with merchants, it only provides two services: delivery and customer service, so as to reduce the inventory pressure in JD.COM. The advantage of using LBP mode is that after the order is generated, the merchant can deliver the goods at the first time, and the delivery is relatively convenient. However, the goods need to pass through JD.COM warehouse in the delivery process, so the transportation speed is reduced and the delivery cycle is increased. At the same time, it will increase the distribution and transportation costs of merchants and reduce the distribution efficiency in JD.COM.
3.SOPL mode
SOPL distribution mode is similar to LBP distribution system. In the delivery process, the goods are delivered directly from the merchant warehouse, and there is no need to stock up in advance. The workflow is shown in Figure 3. After the cooperation between the merchant and JD.COM Mall is confirmed, the merchant does not need to prepare goods, but only needs to pack and deliver the goods within 12 hours, and arrive at the distribution center in JD.COM within 36 hours, and deliver the goods in JD.COM. Different from LBP mode, SOPL mode is completed by the merchants, and JD.COM only provides the only delivery service in the whole logistics process, and all other work is completed by the merchants themselves. The application of SOPL model, to a certain extent, reduces the warehousing pressure in JD.COM, and reduces the distribution cost in the process of logistics distribution. Similar to LBP mode, orders are generated and delivered from merchants, which will affect the delivery speed and transportation time of goods, reduce the delivery efficiency and lead to a decline in customer satisfaction.
4.SOP allocation mode
SOP distribution mode is a logistics distribution mode with direct delivery by merchants, and JD.COM does not play any role in the logistics process. The workflow is shown in Figure 4. Merchants cooperate with JD.COM Mall, while JD.COM Mall only provides the operation background, and the logistics and post-service are completed by the merchants themselves. JD.COM Mall only requires merchants to deliver goods within 12 hours after the order is generated. The whole logistics and distribution process of SOP mode is completed by merchants alone, which greatly reduces the logistics and distribution pressure of JD.COM Mall, reduces the distribution cost and transportation cost, and relieves the inventory pressure of JD.COM. The advantage of SOP mode is that the established merchant team also operates the JD.COM platform.
Second, the problems of Jingdong Logistics
1. The mode is single and the cost is high. JD.COM Mall needs a lot of money to build a logistics center, resulting in high input cost. Besides, JD. Self-built logistics only aims at the enterprise's own logistics distribution service-"distribution center-customers". Therefore, there are a lot of empty behaviors in the distribution process, which leads to the utilization rate of logistics resources only maintaining at 50%-60%, far lower than 80% of other logistics companies.
2. The pressure of logistics distribution is high. JD.COM Mall adheres to the service tenet of "2 1 1 time limit" in the process of logistics and distribution, and wins favorable comments from customers by virtue of "low-priced genuine products". With the increase of customers' online purchasing power, it will lead to the disconnection of Jingdong Logistics in the distribution link and increase the distribution pressure.
3. The service quality is low. The uneven work quality of logistics and distribution personnel in JD.COM Mall leads to the nonstandard service quality in the distribution process and the contradiction between customers and distribution personnel. There are also some distribution personnel who damage goods, lose goods and steal goods during the distribution process, resulting in a decline in customer experience.
4. Lack of effective control. Because JD.COM Mall adopts the distribution mode of "self-built+third-party logistics", whether the third-party logistics is effectively controlled becomes the main factor affecting the customer experience. The untimely delivery of third-party logistics, the low quality of goods delivery, the delay, loss and mismatch of express delivery, and the unsynchronized delivery information have all seriously affected the customer satisfaction of JD.COM Mall.
Third, the improvement methods of Jingdong Logistics
1. Make a reasonable logistics development plan. JD.COM Mall needs to make an overall plan for its overall operation and logistics operation, and conduct business based on this plan to avoid the conflict between operation and logistics. Therefore, it is necessary to plan the medium and long-term logistics distribution of JD.COM Mall in advance and design a complete and scientific logistics distribution scheme from a strategic perspective.
2. Improve distribution efficiency and service quality. JD.COM Mall needs to strengthen the quality training of distribution personnel, improve the service quality of logistics distribution, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of distribution personnel and pay attention to the needs of users.
3. Give priority to with self-built logistics. JD.COM Mall will cooperate with third-party logistics providers in the process of logistics distribution, but the effect of logistics distribution is low. Therefore, JD.COM Mall should pay attention to the promotion and expansion of self-built logistics, and make full use of self-built logistics in the distribution process, so as to abandon other logistics distribution modes.
4 reduce logistics costs. In the process of self-built logistics distribution in JD.COM, we can learn from other logistics distributors' distribution methods to reduce the phenomenon of empty lots, thus reducing logistics costs and improving distribution profits.
Fourth, the development trend of modern logistics mode
First of all, modern logistics not only needs to provide warehousing and transportation services, but also needs to assemble and distribute goods and other logistics projects. Modern logistics provides corresponding services according to the different needs of customers in the distribution process, and forms a multi-functional modern logistics service model as much as possible.
Secondly, the modern logistics model emphasizes multi-party cooperation in the distribution process. The development of modern logistics mode is inseparable from the alliance of logistics enterprises. When distributing, choose the appropriate distribution mode according to the region, so as to save logistics costs, * * * take risks, * * * enjoy benefits and create a reasonable logistics mode.
Finally, self-built logistics of e-commerce enterprises is the only way for future development, and the development of modern logistics mode cannot be separated from the promotion of self-built logistics.
Jingdong Express Part 2 Logistics Distribution Mode Logistics distribution mode can be generally divided into self-operated distribution mode and third-party logistics distribution mode, while JD.COM Mall is dominated by the former two distribution modes.
(1) Self-operated distribution mode
1.JD.COM self-operated logistics
JD.COM Mall has established its own logistics system in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Chengdu. Because the customers in these cities are JD.COM's main customers, it has established large-scale logistics centers in these four cities. Taking East China Logistics Center as an example, JD.COM can handle 25,000 orders normally every day, and the daily order processing capacity reaches 50,000 orders. And the goods in Beijing are basically delivered from JD.COM. COM own distribution team, usually delivered the same day or the next day. In 2009, JD.COM announced the establishment of its own courier company, and invested 20 million yuan to set up a courier company in Shanghai, hoping to establish its own "distribution network" nationwide. At the same time, distribution stations have been opened in Suzhou, Hangzhou, Tianjin, Shenzhen, Nanjing, Wuxi and Ningbo. And want to build a larger logistics storage center next to East China Logistics Center to support the self-operated distribution mode of enterprises. Therefore, it is the first choice for JD.COM to establish its own logistics system and rely on its own distribution team.
Also with the support of JD.COM. In April of 20 10, JD.COM officially launched the COM self-operated distribution mode of "2 1 1 time-limited delivery" service, that is, the order is placed before 1 1 every day and delivered in the afternoon; Place an order before 23 o'clock and deliver it the next morning. Efficient service has achieved high customer satisfaction, at the same time, the order volume in JD.COM is also rising.
The advantages of self-operated distribution are as follows:
(1) Ensure the timeliness and safety of delivery service. China's logistics industry started late and the logistics management system is not perfect. It is difficult to find a courier company with good service, high efficiency and reasonable fees among many courier companies. In this regard, self-operated distribution can be done very well. JD.COM can provide customers with more timely services through self-operated distribution, so as to ensure the quality of service and meet the needs of customers. Only through self-operated distribution can we complete the new service proposed by JD.COM. Com-"211time limit" service. So far, most customers prefer cash on delivery, and JD.COM Mall also provides this service for its users.
(2) Ensure the stability of business in special period.
During the National Day holiday, especially during the Spring Festival, most express delivery companies will have a holiday in advance. But holidays are only the peak time for customers to shop online. If we only rely on third-party logistics to deliver goods, it will cause the dilemma of not being able to deliver goods. And through the self-operated distribution of enterprises, the business in a special period was successfully completed, which ensured the stability of the business level in that period.
(B) the third-party logistics distribution model
JD.COM outsourcing logistics
Third-party logistics distribution mode means that enterprises can't provide fast and convenient logistics services in distribution, so they outsource some or all logistics distribution business to professional logistics companies. With the help of this model, enterprises can save logistics costs and choose suitable third-party logistics enterprises according to their own needs, which is more flexible. JD.COM Mall chooses to cooperate with local express delivery companies to complete the distribution of goods in areas that cannot be reached by self-operated distribution. In addition, when distributing household appliances, JD.COM also chose to cooperate with manufacturers, because the logistics and distribution cost of household appliances is high. Assuming that JD.COM distributes the household appliances himself, the cost will be higher than the profit. For example, sending home appliances from Shanghai to Wuhan costs an average of more than 400 yuan per piece.
The advantages of third-party logistics distribution are as follows:
(1) Reduce logistics costs.
When building a self-operated distribution system in JD.COM, huge investment is needed, but if it is handed over to a third-party logistics enterprise, related expenses can be saved, such as warehouse construction costs and distribution service management fees. In different cities, JD.COM can choose different courier companies according to the distribution cost, so as to achieve the lowest distribution cost and reduce the expenditure of logistics cost.
(2) Let JD.COM return to its core business. JD.COM Mall is a B2C e-commerce enterprise. However, due to the imperfection of logistics links, with the increase of orders, the processing capacity of logistics centers can't keep up with its growth rate, so JD.COM will focus on logistics distribution. Third-party logistics distribution can help enterprises return to their core business and focus on their own business development.