To learn Marxist principles, we must first accurately grasp its basic concepts. Everyone has a world outlook, whether he realizes it or not, but not everyone's world outlook has formed a theoretical system, which is systematic and theoretical. Only a world view with a theoretical system or a systematic and theoretical world view is philosophy, and not all world views are philosophy. When grasping the concept of philosophy, we should not only pay attention to the connection between philosophy and world outlook, but also pay attention to the difference between philosophy and world outlook, so as not to confuse philosophy and world outlook.
We define the economic base as "the sum of all aspects of the dominant relations of production in a society" rather than "the sum of relations of production". Because "the sum of all aspects of the dominant relations of production" and "the sum of relations of production" contain different contents. In any social form, there is not only one kind of production relations, but also the dominant production relations and various non-dominant production relations, such as the remnants of the old production relations and the germination of new production relations. "The sum of production relations" includes all these production relations, and its content is very extensive, while "the sum of all aspects of the dominant production relations" only refers to the sum of the three aspects of the dominant production relations, that is, the ownership form of the means of production, the status of various social groups in production and their mutual relations, and the distribution mode of products. When grasping the concept of economic base, we must not confuse "the sum of all aspects of the dominant production relations" with "the sum of production relations". Everything and phenomena in the world do not exist in isolation, but are interdependent and interrelated. All aspects of things do not exist in isolation, but depend on and are related to other aspects. Every basic principle of Marxism fully reflects the relationship between things or within things. Therefore, we must fully understand the basic principles of Marxism.
In the relationship between matter and consciousness, we should not only see the decisive role of matter to consciousness, but also see the dynamic reaction of consciousness to matter; In the relationship between principal contradiction and secondary contradiction, in the relationship between principal and secondary aspects of contradiction, we should not only see the dominant role of principal contradiction in secondary contradiction, but also see the influence of secondary contradiction on principal contradiction and secondary aspect on major aspect. In the relationship between productive forces and production relations, economic base and superstructure, we should not only affirm the decisive role of productive forces in production relations and economic base in superstructure, but also see the reaction of production relations to productive forces and superstructure to economic base; In the relationship between commodity value and use value, we should not only see their mutual exclusion, but also see their unity; When understanding the essence of capitalist system, we should not only grasp the essence of capitalist economic system, but also grasp the essence of capitalist political system and ideology; On the issue of the development stage and objective process of capitalist society, we should not only establish the lofty ideal of capitalism, but also actively participate in the cause of Socialism with Chinese characteristics and so on. In short, we should look at the problem comprehensively, not unilaterally.
When studying Marxism, we should remember its basic concepts and principles, the definition of basic concepts and the main points contained in the basic principles. Only in this way can we think with its basic concepts and principles. My mind is blank and I can't remember any concepts and principles. How can I think? This is the same as not remembering the axioms and formulas of mathematics and not being able to solve math questions. Therefore, learning Marxism well is not a question of remembering it, but a question of how to remember it. We advocate memorizing on the basis of understanding and oppose mechanical rote memorization.
Regarding the combination of theory and practice, we must make clear the theory as the premise, and don't leave the theory to list a lot of practical problems. Learning theory, shelved, and not analyzing and solving practical problems, no matter how good the theory is, it is useless; However, if we leave the theory, only list the practical problems, only tell the facts, and don't do theoretical analysis, it doesn't mean combining theory with practice. Only talking about theory, not reality, is the performance of theory divorced from reality; It is another manifestation that theory is divorced from reality to talk about reality only. We should prevent and oppose these two tendencies.
The core of Marxism is to serve the people wholeheartedly. The mass viewpoint is the basic viewpoint of historical materialism. Regarding the role of people and individuals in historical development, we should not only affirm the decisive role of people in historical development, but also pay full attention to the great role of individuals, especially outstanding figures. Marx and Engels profoundly criticized the heroic historical view of Powell and others, correctly expounded the role of the masses and individuals in history, and believed that "historical activities are the cause of the masses, and with the deepening of historical activities, the ranks of the masses will be expanded." Marx and Engels pointed out in the Manifesto of the Producer Party that the difference between the Producer Party and other political parties is that the Producer Party adheres to the fundamental and overall interests of the proletariat. China * * * production party was born, developed, expanded and matured in close contact with the people. Mao Zedong said: "Serve the people wholeheartedly and never leave the masses for a moment;" Everything starts from the interests of the people, not from the interests of individuals or small groups; Consistency of being responsible to the people and the leading organs of the party; These are our starting points. "
Attaching great importance to the value of Marxist philosophy to life is a remarkable feature of Mao Zedong's philosophy and a fine tradition of the Communist Party of China (CPC). When discussing how to transform China and the world, young Mao Zedong paid great attention to honing his character. In this respect, Mr Yang Changji has the greatest influence on him. Although Yang Changji taught ethics and was an idealist, he tried to encourage students to be impartial, honest and kind, which was beneficial to society. This has had a far-reaching impact on Mao Zedong. After Mao Zedong became a Marxist, he skillfully combined Marxist philosophy with China's traditional philosophy, and paid more attention to the ethical function of philosophy in the whole revolutionary process. He advocates being "a noble person, a pure person, a moral person, a person who is free from low tastes and beneficial to the people". This is the essence of life and the highest moral value of Marxist philosophy. This kind of moral values guides all activities of China * * * party member, and countless earth-shattering and epic deeds have appeared. The course "Introduction to the Basic Principles of Marxism" should use the ethical power of this philosophy to infect, edify and cultivate young people. It is necessary to fully display the personality charm of revolutionary leaders and the fine tradition of the Chinese production party, combine the reality of college students in the new period, sublimate from philosophy, combine theoretical study with self-cultivation, and help college students solve moral problems.