With the increasing urban population density and the development of urban construction in China, the rational development and utilization of underground space is the requirement of urban sustainable development. Major cities in China are building or preparing to build underground projects, which may involve deep foundation pit projects. The outstanding feature of deep foundation pit engineering is that its design and construction should not only ensure the technical rationality and safety of deep foundation pit engineering itself, but also control the impact of its construction on the environment. Due to the short development history of deep foundation pit engineering in China, the backwardness of theoretical research and engineering practice, and the limitation of technical level of engineering experience personnel, some deep foundation pit engineering accidents have occurred in China in recent years, and there have also been many engineering examples that have harmful effects on the environment. Therefore, it is the key to fundamentally strengthen the research on the related theories of deep foundation pit engineering, constantly improve and perfect the design methods, and improve the engineering technology of deep foundation pit as a whole.