Paper Keywords: sports literature; Sports humanities; Sports Sociology Section; discipline construction
Abstract: In recent years, with the rapid development of sports, sports humanities and social sciences have gained important development opportunities, and their status and role have been paid more and more attention. At present, the construction of sports humanities and social sciences in China has begun to take shape, but there are still many problems that need further development.
1. Research object, nature and content of sports humanistic sociology.
The research object and nature of 1. 1 Up to now, the academic circles have not clearly put forward the research object, subject nature, subject system, theoretical system and research content of sports humanistic sociology. These problems are particularly important for the healthy development and discipline construction of sports humanities sociology. According to the research results of sports humanistic sociology in China at present, it is considered that sports humanistic sociology is the general name of humanities and social disciplines with sports phenomena and their development laws as well as various relationships in this field as the research objects. It studies sports phenomena from the perspective of social science and humanities, involving sociology, science, management, science, science, science and other disciplines, and has formed sports sociology, sports economics, sports science, sports law, sports philosophy, sports politics, sports history, sports ethics, sports aesthetics, sports psychology and other disciplines. Therefore, the humanities sociology of sports is actually a very complex discipline group with the purpose of paying attention to and investigating sports phenomena and their development laws. It is a relatively independent marginal discipline group of humanities and social sciences, which is composed of many disciplines. Moreover, with the further development of society and sports, the research content of sports humanistic sociology will increase and deepen.
? The research nature of sports humanistic sociology includes basic theoretical research, applied research and research methods. It belongs to the research of basic theory to explore the social phenomenon of sports and the general law of sports science development from the macro and whole, to explore and explore the unknown field of sports by means of practice and theory, to explain and explain sports phenomena, to foresee their emergence, development and changes, to explain various basic forms and laws of sports activities, to enhance the understanding of sports and to provide general principles for sports research. It belongs to applied research, which studies how the basic theoretical science of sports can be directly applied to the practice of sports activities, explains the special laws of different objects, provides diversified and practical principles and methods for various sports activities, conducts strategic research on sports reform and development, and provides the basis for the state to formulate the goals, tasks, principles, policies and measures of sports reform and development. The discussion of sports research methods belongs to the research of research methods.
1.2 research content
1.2. 1 introduction to sports/introduction to sports studies the essence, characteristics and development law of sports from a macro and global perspective. Its task is to explore the basic principle of sports as a social phenomenon, explain the relationship between sports and politics, economy and culture, clarify the essence, characteristics and functional value of sports, as well as the purpose and task of sports and the principles and ways to realize sports tasks.
1.2.2 the study of sports philosophy is a discipline that studies the general regularity of sports practice and the development of sports science and technology with fundamental problems and contradictions, as well as the epistemology and methodology of sports from a certain philosophical point of view. The main research contents are as follows: the main content of sports philosophy; On the system structure of modern sports science: on the historical development of human body view and health view and its significance to sports: China's traditional philosophy and sports research: sports and value system research; Research on the concept of big sports in modern society: research on the methodology of sports science: research on hot and difficult issues of sports; Research on the application of philosophy in sports history and history.
1.2.3 Research on social sports Social sports are customarily called mass sports in China. It is a new discipline with the development of sports practice, especially the vigorous development of mass fitness and entertainment sports activities. This paper mainly discusses the laws of various mass sports activities and their organization and management process. The research of social sports mainly includes the following aspects: the relationship between modern society and social sports; Scientific research on physical exercise; Research on sports objects and groups in different societies; Study on the characteristics of different social sports fields.
1.2.4 school physical education research school physical education is a discipline that studies the phenomenon, essence, law and management of school physical education. It is an "application-oriented" subject, which not only has basic theory, but also focuses on guiding the physical education work of ordinary schools at all levels in China. Its basic research content can be divided into four parts: (1) studying the essence of school physical education, including its emergence and development; The relationship between school moral education and intellectual education; Relationship with mass sports and competitive sports; The relationship between the internal work of school physical education; The purpose and task of school physical education; (2) Study the composition and implementation of school physical education. Including physical education class teaching; Extracurricular physical exercise; Extracurricular sports training; Sports competitions and off-campus sports activities; (3) Study the management and evaluation of school physical education. Including the overall management and evaluation of the system, as well as the management and evaluation of each sub-item. (4) To study the sports conditions in schools. Including physical education teachers, venues, equipment, facilities, books, funds and funds inside and outside the school.
1.2.5 the study of sports economics is a discipline that studies economic phenomena, economic activities and their laws in the field of sports: its main contents are: to study the relationship between sports and economy and the economic nature of sports undertakings; Economic activities and problems in the field of sports.
1.2.6 sports management research sports science is a science that studies sports management phenomena and their laws. Compared with physical education, it mainly focuses on the optimization and best management methods of physical education, and focuses on the countermeasures of specific problems in economic management. Its main research contents include: the basic theoretical research of sports management; Sports research; Research on competitive sports, school sports and sports management: research on sports industry management: research on the relationship between system science and physical education: sports research and so on.
1.2.7 sports research sports law is a new discipline to study sports norms and sports legal phenomena, their development laws and operating mechanisms. The research contents include: the research on the basic principles of sports law; Research on the general theory of sports law: research on the formulation and implementation of sports law: research on laws and regulations in various fields of sports; Research on sports law at home and abroad.
1.2.8 Sports Sociology is an applied theoretical discipline that studies social phenomena of sports with sociological theories and viewpoints and tries to promote the healthy development of sports with research results. The research field is very extensive, from the interaction between sports and various social phenomena to people's sports values and sports behaviors; From competitive sports close to human limits to children's games, it covers almost everything. The main contents are: research on sports social problems; Sports research; Research on sports socialization and various sports social organizations.
1 .2.9 Research on Sports History Sports history takes sports and sports as the research object, and the main research contents include: the origin of sports; Harmonious cultural characteristics of ancient sports; The history of various sports; Olympic history; The change of sports concept; History of sports legal system; Research on sports figures; Sports archaeology; Sports historical materials and literature research.
1.2. 10 Comparative sports research Comparative sports is an interdisciplinary social discipline. Its research contents are mainly sports management system, school sports, competitive sports, mass sports, the cultivation of sports teachers and sports cadres, and the present situation of sports scientific research in various countries in the world.
1.2. 1 1 Sports research Sports aesthetics is an applied discipline that reveals the essence and laws of sports beauty. Its main research contents include: the disciplinary nature of sports aesthetics; The essence, characteristics, classification and form of sports beauty; Truth, goodness and beauty in sports; Research on human beauty and sports: on the creation and appreciation of sports beauty: on equality in sports.
1.2. 12 Research on Sports Morality The research on sports morality takes the phenomena in sports activities as the research object, and is an applied theoretical discipline to study the law of the emergence, change and development of sports morality. The research contents mainly include: the study of the essence, function and category of sports morality; Research on sports moral education.
1.2. 13 Olympic research is a field of studying the Olympic Games from a new perspective in sports science. Main research: the contribution of the Olympic movement to modern society; Athlete research; Sports in society; Sports and media.
1.2. 14 Kinematics Sports Psychology is a science that discusses the psychological basis of sports and studies the characteristics and laws of people's psychological activities in sports. The research contents include: the characteristics and laws of people's cognitive activities in sports, the characteristics and laws of emotions and wills, and the relationship between people's personality differences and sports; Master the psychological law of sports knowledge and form sports skills; Psychological laws in the process of sports training and competition: and the influence of sports competition and physical exercise on people's body and mind.
2. The present situation and existing problems of the discipline construction of sports humanities and sociology.
? Since 1980s, the teaching and research of sports humanities and social sciences in China have been carried out in various sports colleges and universities, and some sports humanities and social sciences courses have been set up, which have opened up new research fields, such as sports sociology, sports management, sports economics, sports law, social sports and comparative sports. In addition, during this period, the research institutions of sports humanities and social sciences have also made some achievements. For example, in the 1990s, Beijing Sport University, Tianjin Sport University and Guangzhou Sport University established sports social science research centers or institutes. At the same time, the physical education departments of many comprehensive universities such as Tsinghua University and Peking University have also set up research centers for sports humanities and sociology. In 200 1 year, the State Sports General Administration approved five sports schools and 1 key research bases of sports social sciences in non-sports schools. Tsinghua University State Sports General Administration Sports Social Science Key Research Base. In 2003, the State Sports General Administration approved Peking University, Beijing Sport University, Shanghai University and Shenyang Normal University as the key research bases of sports social sciences of the State Sports General Administration. The establishment of these academic research institutions has greatly promoted the development of this discipline. At present, there are not only columns in the journals of sports colleges, but also some special journals such as Sports Culture Guide, Sports Science, Sports and Science, and China Sports Science and Technology, which provide a platform for studying and discussing the development of sports humanities sociology.
? Although some achievements have been made in sports humanities research and discipline development, on the whole, the research of sports humanities sociology in China started late, and the construction of sports humanities sociology is still very weak, with many shortcomings, which need to be continuously improved and developed in future research. The problems existing in the study of sports humanistic sociology are highlighted in the following aspects:
? 1) The topic name is ambiguous. Sports humanities sociology is the general name of sports humanities and sports sociology, but its name is often mistaken for an interdisciplinary subject of sports sociology and humanities. This nonstandard naming of academic concepts will, to a certain extent, lead to unreasonable division of the discipline system and some confusion in the positioning of the discipline, which is not conducive to the development and maturity of the discipline.
? 2) The theoretical research is insufficient and a relatively perfect theoretical system has not been formed. At present, the research focus of sports humanistic sociology is the application research of sports phenomena with the help of other interdisciplinary theories, and great achievements have been made. However, the research on the basic theory of this discipline has not attracted enough attention from researchers, or even is almost blank, and the scientific accumulation needed to form the system theory is not sufficient, which is extremely unfavorable to the development of this discipline. Many disciplines, including sports sociology, sports management and sports science, are still in the initial stage of simply using sociology, economics and economic methods and theories to study sports social phenomena. Moreover, in the interdisciplinary combination, some studies are far-fetched and mechanically applied.
? 3) The research of sports research methods is very weak. At present, there is little research on sports research methods, and there is no independent and systematic research method in sports social science. Most of them rely on the research methods of other disciplines, so it is necessary to combine ordinary research methods with the uniqueness of sports social phenomena to form a special and systematic sports research method.
? 4) The attribute of sports humanities and social sciences is chaotic. According to the current division of disciplines, some scholars advocate that sports humanities and social sciences are scattered in different categories, such as sociology, theory, science, economics, management, science and science. Although this division method based on the origin of knowledge can reflect the derivative relationship between branch disciplines and parent disciplines, it ignores the particularity of interdisciplinary research objects. On the other hand, some scholars (mainly concentrated in the academic field of sports) believe that the disciplines that study sports humanities and social phenomena should belong to sports humanities and sociology. So far, the attribute of sports humanities and social sciences has not been determined. The confusion of subject attributes will affect the overall development of sports humanities sociology.
? 5) The lack of high-quality sports humanities and social sciences research team is the key factor restricting the development of the discipline. According to the theoretical system and research content of sports humanistic sociology, the research team of sports humanistic sociology needs to be composed of the following professionally trained researchers: sociology, economics, management, politics, science, education, physical education and so on. Sociology of humanistic sports is an interdisciplinary group. The study of sports associations from a single discipline is limited by disciplines, and it is impossible to get a comprehensive and systematic understanding. The formation of a complete theory depends on interdisciplinary joint research. However, there is a general lack of high-quality researchers in the field of sports research at present, and the depth and breadth of research are limited. Of the two disciplines, few are specialized, such as sports sociology. There are no further sub-disciplines under the discipline, such as the study of sports social problems.
? 6) Subject setting is very casual. In some schools, most sports humanities and sociology courses are offered according to the situation of teachers and the interests of schools, teachers and even students. They lack discipline integrity and systematic planning, and their courses are changeable. Therefore, the quality of teaching and teachers in many courses is difficult to guarantee, which also leads to the incompleteness of students' knowledge system.
3, thinking and suggestions
? In view of the above problems, the basic countermeasures for the reform of sports humanities and social sciences in China in the future development are as follows:
? 1) Establish a reasonable organizational structure to flexibly meet the functional needs of all parties. Academic institutions of sports humanities and sociology should establish relatively independent and distinct teaching and research-oriented organizations, which should have a flexible system with both general humanities and social sciences theories and qualifications to participate in sports practice research activities to ensure the stability and continuity of research.
? 2) Give preferential policies to promote the team construction and discipline construction of sports humanities and social sciences. As soon as possible, we should strive to give the necessary policy inclination, add master's and doctoral programs, speed up the construction of a professional, echelon and young sports humanities and social sciences team, strengthen the research on basic theories and methods, and establish a theoretical system and method system suitable for the development of disciplines as soon as possible: assist universities to plan disciplines as a whole and ensure the quality of teaching and teachers.
? 3) The field of sports humanistic sociology should keep professional sensitivity, constantly explore new research fields and strengthen the discipline construction of sports humanistic sociology.
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