Lin Shu, a translator who didn't understand foreign languages, lived in Fuzhou in the late Qing Dynasty. He collaborated with Wang Shouchang to translate Dumas first La Traviata. The Legacy of La Traviata de Paris has been released so far, and it has been 1 10 anniversary. "What China people saw spread like wildfire". La Traviata is a famous work by French writer Alexandre Dumas fils. The novel describes the love tragedy of a pair of young men and women in the 1940s of Paris capitalist society from 65438 to 2009. Lin Shu (1852 ~ 1924), a native of Fuzhou. Juren was born, never went to a foreign school, never went abroad, and was unfamiliar with foreign languages and customs, but he translated more than 60 novels in/kloc-0 in more than 20 years. How Lin Shu embarked on the road of translating novels depends on the tears in his translation of La Traviata with Wang Shouchang. In the 23rd year of Guangxu (1897), in March of late spring, Lin Shu's apartment in Golden Lane, Xia Hang Street, on the outskirts of Fuzhou, was in a sad atmosphere. Lin Shu's beloved wife, Liu Qiong Zi, has just died. He is very sad and unhappy all day. Persuaded by his family, Lin Shu came to the residence of his ponytail friend Wei Han. Unexpectedly, the trip to ponytail changed his life's fate, which made him have an indissoluble bond with translated novels and become a celebrity in modern literary circles. Wei Han (185 1 ~ 1929) is from Fuzhou. Tongzhi for five years (1866), passed the Mawei ship administration preparatory manufacturing class, and was the first graduate of manufacturing industry, ranking first. He works hard and has excellent academic ability. He is good at painting and making ships. After graduation, he stayed in the shipping bureau. In the first year of Guangxu (1875), he traveled around Europe, and was later ordered to study as a judge, enter Zhapu official school, and study steel and armour. After graduation, he served as the chief engineer of the ship and supervised the construction of a new armored ship. The official will hold the post of minister, at that time, it was the shipbuilding comprehensive department of the ship administration engineering department. Wei Han's residence is a small building built by the river, and Lin Shu lived here after arriving at Mawei. It's early summer and the scenery is pleasant. However, Lin Shu was unhappy because of his sadness. Wei Han didn't know what to do. Just when he was at a loss, Wang Shouchang came. He is a countryman of Lin Shu. Wang Shouchang has just returned from studying in Paris, and teaches at Mawei Ship Administration School. During his study in France, Wang read a lot of famous western literature and brought back many masterpieces by Dumas and his son. At the same time, they comforted Lin Shu to get rid of his bereavement. Wang Shouchang introduced La Traviata to Lin Shu. It was also suggested to translate this famous book with Lin He to relieve Lin Shu's melancholy. The second is to introduce a good book to China people. So, Wang Shouchang immediately confessed the outline of La Traviata. Lin Shu was moved by the bitter and touching plot in the book and readily agreed to co-translate with Wang Shouchang. Wang Shouchang (1864 ~ 1926) was born in Fuzhou. 14 years old, admitted to the manufacturing class of Mawei Ship Administration School in Fuzhou, and is the third graduate of this class. 1April, 885, he was sent to the University of Paris, France with excellent results, studying law and minoring in French, with the best results. 189 1 After graduation, he returned to his alma mater as a French teacher, and then worked as a translator in Tianjin Westernization Bureau and Fengtian Military Department. 1898, the Qing government built the Han Jing Railway and borrowed money from the French. 19 1 1 year. Lu Cheng was transferred to Hubei as a negotiator and general manager of Hanyang Arsenal, which was highly valued by Zhang Zhidong, governor of Huguang. Zhang Jing, the foreign affairs yamen of the post-Prime Minister, is the principal of the three provincial railway schools. In the spring of the first year of the Republic of China (19 12), he returned to Fuzhou and served as the director of the Fujian Provincial Negotiation Department. After being excluded, he returned to Mawei alma mater to teach. Wang Shouchang is generous. He is not only proficient in French, but also has high attainments in Chinese. He is good at writing books, practicing calligraphy, writing poems and painting, and is known as the three wonders of poetry and painting. La Traviata is his favorite novel. He likes this book very much and has read it many times. His cooperation with Lin Shu couldn't be better. When reading La Traviata, Wang Shouchang was particularly emotional and described Mark's mentality incisively and vividly, which was sympathetic. Lin Shu writes very carefully. He wrote European temperament in China's vocabulary, which is eloquent and touching. In addition, his wife's new funeral, sad mood, is often moved by the characters in the book, and his translation incorporates the feelings of missing his dead wife. After Wang Shouchang's emotional dictation and Lin Shu's translation of flowers, they are a perfect match and complement each other. When they translated the book together, Wei Han provided them with a quiet and beautiful environment, bought a boat to carry wine, and invited them to visit Gushan. On the yacht bound for Majiang Gushan, China's first translated novel La Traviata was written here. Wang Shouchang sat by the window, holding the original French version of La Traviata, telling it word for word and vividly; Lin Shu spread out a few sheets of paper and listened attentively, writing like a fly. From early summer to late autumn, Wang Shouchang interprets 4 hours a day, and Lin Shu records 6,000 words. In less than half a year, all the books were translated. Later, Lin Shu read the translation carefully from beginning to end, and the joy of success dispelled the haze in his heart. China's landmark work The Legacy of La Traviata was born in a unique way. This novel translated from classical Chinese is the product of cultural exchange between China and the West. It not only conforms to the translation standard of "faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance", but also embodies the appreciation habit of China people. Influenced by traditional ideas, novels are regarded as trails and dare not use their real names. Lin Shu signed Leng Hongsheng, and Wang Shouchang signed a small stockade owner, giving them nicknames to hide their truth. After Wang Shouchang and proofreading, it was printed by Wei in the workshop on the east side of Gongxiang, Nanhou Street, Fuzhou. Each page of the book is folded in half, and the title "Legacy of La Traviata de Paris" is printed in the middle seam. The number of pages of a single fishtail bet is 9 lines on each side, with 20 words in each line. The book 120 pages, without volumes, paragraphs and sentences. The last page is printed with the words "Fuzhou Wu Yutian Engraving". Wool-edged paper, the words are extremely clear. In February of the 25th year of Guangxu (1899), it was first published in Fuzhou. Only 100 copies were printed and distributed to three relatives and friends. After more than 100 years, there is little left in this version, which is precious. In May of the 25th year of Guangxu (1899), Wang, an old newspaper reporter in Hangzhou, reprinted the original edition with bamboo paper and thread in the name of the newspaper office. Then various versions kept appearing. According to statistics, besides Wu's engraving, there are twenty or thirty kinds of popular books, such as the first edition of Novels by Bookstore, Bookstore, Commercial Press, and the Red Seal and Black Seal of the Important Museum of Fishery. Later, there was a translation craze, such as the drama La Traviata translated by Liu Bannong and others, and Xia Kangnong translated it into vernacular according to the original work, and the opera La Traviata was introduced into the entertainment circle. Since the publication of this book, there have been many imitators and countless influences. La Traviata left an absolute tragedy in Paris, and many people shed tears of sympathy for the protagonist's misfortune. Its publication touched the hearts of many young readers who were dissatisfied with feudal autocracy and fought for freedom of marriage. It has played an important role in the spread of western progressive culture in China. During the co-translation of La Traviata, Lin Shu and Wang Shouchang lived in Wei Han's home in Majiang. Wei saw that every time they were translated into a touching place, they cried and used it as a conversation material in the future. Lin Shu recalled the scene of translating La Traviata many times and wrote: "I translated La Traviata and there were three people crying." In the second year of the Republic of China (19 13), Lin Shu still remembered the sadness when he translated La Traviata with Wang Shouchang. After the publication of The Legacy of La Traviata de Paris, Lin Shu's enthusiasm for translating books was aroused. Since then, he has embarked on the road of translating novels, gradually becoming famous in the literary world and becoming a translator who does not understand foreign languages. But Wang Shouchang, Lin Shu's collaborator, is mostly forgotten. Zheng Lisheng, an expert in Fuzhou local history, pointed out in the article An Overview of La Traviata: "Shou Chang has translated many versions. Later, Shu collaborated with others to translate 250 or 60 volumes of foreign novels. The world says that Lin's translation is the most famous, but those who don't know how to encourage it actually started in Shouchang. " Neighbour Lengguang said in his book Lin Qinnan (Lin Shu): "The owner of Xiaozhai dictated in French, and although the translation was only the last work of La Traviata in Paris, it was the first book of western novels imported into China, and his outstanding achievements were enough to make Lin immortal. This is a fact. "It is true that without the successful co-translation of La Traviata's Legacy in Paris, Lin Shu would not have been born a translator who did not understand a foreign language. Perhaps China's translation of western novels will be delayed for many years. As the first interpreter of La Traviata, Wang Shouchang contributed a lot. Lin Shu and Wang Shouchang jointly translated The Legacy of La Traviata, which opened the door for China to translate western novels and communicated Chinese and western cultures. This book has a wide range of sales channels, great influence and wide popularity, which is a rare miracle in ancient and modern China and foreign countries. This is also a product under the great influence of ship administration culture. In addition to translating a large number of foreign novels, Lin Shu also left a considerable number of literary works such as poems, conversations, notes, essays, novels, legends and plays. He has created many works in his life, including Collected Works of Wei Lu, Ruins of Wei Lu, Essays of Chunjue Zhai, Paintings of Chunjue Zhai and so on, which is a rare cultural heritage of China in modern times and is praised by later generations. The voluminous "Lin's translated novels" have become the great wealth of China's modern literature, and his works will always shine in the history of China's modern literature. 1924101On October 9th, Lin Shu, the "king of translation", died in Peiping at the age of 72. Two years later, Wang Shouchang also died of lung disease in Guangfu Mountain House, the former residence of Fuzhou, on June 65438 +0926 65438+ 10/7, at the age of 62.