Smooth and accurate shooting is the basic requirement. Push-pull and swing are external movements to operate the lens.
In the process of shooting, the cameraman must strictly follow four words: flat, accurate, stable and even, that is, the picture should be flat, accurate, stable and even, so as to ensure the perfection of the shooting lens.
First, the picture should be flat.
Whether the picture is horizontal or not directly affects the visual effect of the audience. The horizon of the picture should be horizontal and not tilted, which is the basic requirement of normal. When shooting with a tripod with a level, the level of the picture should be calibrated with the help of bubbles on the level; When shooting with a shoulder-mounted, hand-held or tripod without a level, the horizontal edge of the viewfinder should be parallel to the horizon of the scene, and its vertical edge should be parallel to the vertical line, so as to always maintain the basic lines of the picture, that is, to be "horizontal and vertical" to ensure the level of the picture.
Second, the camera should be accurate.
The shooting object, range, starting frame, left picture, lens movement, depth of field application and focus change should be accurate. The camera lens should start from point A and end at point B, and there should be a left picture lens. Up and down refers to the static picture at the beginning of the lens movement, and the left picture refers to the static picture at the end of the lens movement. The ups and downs of the picture should be at least 5 seconds when shooting, which is used to edit the pre-roll picture. Don't change the picture without seeing what it is. When shooting a picture with a certain depth of field, you need to shoot with a small aperture, a short focal length or a far focal length. The foreground depth of a picture is generally smaller than the background depth of field. According to the different psychological requirements of the audience, sometimes we should focus on the foreground object, and sometimes we should focus on the background object. It is necessary to use "zoom" to mobilize the visual changes of the audience, so that the audience can accurately observe different objects in the same picture. When shooting scenes with different distances with a push-pull lens, we should focus "front and back" and "send the focus" in advance to calibrate the distance of the subject, instead of calibrating the focal length after reaching a certain distance. The most taboo is the frequent use of zoom to push around and make the audience dizzy.
Third, the picture should be stable.
TV picture stability is very important. To keep the picture stable, the cameraman must also practice his arm strength and be able to "hold" and "hold" the lens. The action line should be a horizontal arc rather than a horizontal wave line. When taking pictures, try to take pictures with a tripod. If you don't use a tripod when shooting, the most important thing is how to keep the camera stable. The cameraman should hold the camera with both hands and bend the elbows close to the chest to form a fixed bracket (this may be uncomfortable at first, but it can make the fuselage more stable). When standing, keep your legs shoulder-width apart and your toes inward. If possible, put your back against a solid object, such as a wall or post, to maintain balance and stability. When shooting, breathe lightly and evenly, rotate the waist lens forcibly, use 5X or more careful zoom to shoot moving objects, and advocate shooting with wide-angle lens and multi-angle fixed lens; When shooting with the camera on your shoulder, bend your legs and lower your body. Take small steps and gentle feet. Try to keep the camera at a certain distance from the shoulder. It's best to open your arms and leave your left and right breasts. This can improve the stability of the picture.
Fourth, the shooting speed should be uniform.
When shooting a moving shot, the speed of the camera lens should be uniform, not fast, not slow, not intermittent, and the rhythm of the picture should conform to the normal visual laws. For example, when using a panning lens, you should first think about the composition of the starting scene and the ending scene, and then rotate the camera into an arc to drive it evenly from the starting scene to the ending scene. Before shooting, try the whole shooting trajectory and the composition of the footage to be shot before shooting. When shaking the lens to take pictures, move horizontally as slowly as possible, and pay attention to the speed of shaking. If you shake fast, it is easy to blur the picture (the CCD element of DV and the limitation of autofocus), so the audience can't see clearly and can't highlight the main body; If you shake it slowly, it is easy to annoy the audience. Generally speaking, it takes about 5 seconds for the mirror to sway from one picture to another completely different picture, and the angle of the mirror should not be too large. 90 radian is the most practical shooting range. When the camera takes a view, the acceleration and deceleration of the left picture should be slow and even, otherwise the picture will shake. For example, when shooting a zoom lens, use the electric zoom button more often, and use the manual zoom button with caution. When zooming is needed, operate the telephoto key (T) or the wide-angle key (W) of the zoom button at a constant speed. In short, whether it is "shaking" or "pushing and pulling" the lens, it should be moved as slowly as possible to ensure the smoothness and stability of the TV picture, otherwise there will be sudden jumps and the audience will be bored.