Major in chemical pharmaceutical technology; Pharmacy; Teaching content; teaching method
Abstract: Pharmacology is the main course of chemical pharmaceutical technology specialty. In order to cultivate qualified pharmaceutical talents, pharmacology teaching should be oriented to students' satisfaction and social needs. Based on the teaching experience of pharmaceutical engineering specialty, the rearrangement of teaching content and teaching methods are discussed.
Key words: chemical pharmaceutical technology major; Pharmacology; Teaching content; teaching method
The goal of chemical pharmacy specialty in higher vocational colleges is to cultivate advanced technical application-oriented professionals engaged in chemical pharmacy production and management and the development of new methods, new processes and new equipment for drug production. After graduation, students can engage in production operation, product quality control, production technology management, development and application of new pharmaceutical technologies and equipment, and also engage in drug sales and other related work in chemical pharmaceutical enterprises. Pharmacy is the main course of chemical pharmacy specialty, and it is a comprehensive applied technology science to study the theory, production technology and quality control of pharmaceutical preparations. Synthesis and application are the most important external characteristics of pharmacy. At the same time, pharmacy has the characteristics of scattered learning content, strong memory and recitation, and it is difficult to master it systematically. In order to change this situation, our course group has launched a comprehensive construction of this course, especially the research and reform of teaching methods and means. Based on the survey of students' satisfaction with the course, we have changed the traditional teaching mode centered on teachers' lectures and adopted the mode of "students as the main body and teachers as the leading factor" to teach students in accordance with their aptitude. On the premise of teachers' clear teaching thread, classroom teaching pays attention to the combination of teaching and practice, discussion and inspiration, encourages students to think independently, stimulates students' initiative in learning, cultivates students' innovative consciousness and good personality, and achieves good teaching results. Here, I want to talk about my teaching methods and experience and communicate with my peers.
1 teaching content
Pharmacy is a major course with strong practicality, and the teaching of this course can play a leading role in mastering the basic knowledge and skills in the field of pharmacy. Students can master the theory and skills of preparation, production and quality control of pharmaceutical dosage forms and preparations by studying pharmacy courses, and lay a foundation for the production, sales, management and clinical rational use of drugs in the future. Our choice of course content revolves around the basic tasks of pharmacy, mainly including the basic theory of pharmacy, the prescription and production technology of pharmaceutical dosage forms, new pharmaceutical preparations, drug dispensing and pharmaceutical services.
1. 1 The research on the basic theory of pharmacy is very important for improving the technical level of pharmaceutical production, preparing safe, effective, stable preparations with controllable quality and good compliance, and has important guiding significance for perfecting and enriching pharmaceutical production technology, developing new dosage forms, new preparations and new drug delivery systems, and improving product quality. Although the main training object of higher vocational education is highly skilled talents, students need to have some basic theoretical knowledge, such as dissolution theory, characteristics of commonly used pharmaceutical excipients, stability theory of pharmaceutical preparations and so on. Without theoretical guidance, skills are like castles in the air, lacking development stamina.
1.2 The prescription and production technology of traditional dosage forms, mature principles and technologies, and the prescription and production technology of pharmaceutical dosage forms commonly used in related work that meet the specifications of China Pharmacopoeia should be the focus of our course, and the teaching time accounts for more than half of the course hours. Common dosage forms include solution, suppository, syrup, tablet, injection, capsule, aerosol, etc. The learning contents of these dosage forms mainly include: ① the definition, characteristics, classification and quality requirements of dosage forms, which are the characteristics that distinguish one dosage form from other dosage forms; (2) Preparation process, prescription and technology, which are the core of learning and the main thread of our teaching organization.
1.3 New pharmaceutical preparations with high efficiency, long-lasting, quick-acting, low toxicity, slow-release, controlled-release, positioning and targeting have always been the central work of pharmacy, and it is also the place to reflect the advanced nature of higher vocational courses. The course mainly introduces the preparation method, production technology, quality control and related theories of mature new dosage forms, and runs through the whole process of actual production operation with typical examples, and organizes classroom teaching according to the order of production or laboratory operation. The new drug preparations we explained mainly include: sustained and controlled release preparations, targeted preparations, transdermal drug delivery systems and so on.
1.4 Drug Dispensing and Pharmaceutical Services Drug Dispensing and Pharmaceutical Services are the important work of pharmacies and also the contents that pharmaceutical workers must be familiar with. This part of the study is conducive to students' future work in the pharmaceutical circulation industry.
2 teaching methods
2. 1 process method Pharmacy has the characteristics of many and scattered knowledge points and strong memory. Traditional teaching methods have no clear guiding ideology, and there is no necessary connection between the contents. Process method can integrate the main contents of pharmacy into the preparation or application of pharmaceutical dosage forms, so that students can have a clear understanding of the contents of pharmacy. Along the preparation process of dosage forms, it is very easy to master the learning contents of various dosage forms, and learning pharmacy is no longer rote learning, which improves the systematicness and interest of course teaching and facilitates students to master relevant contents [1]. For example, in the study of this chapter on dosage forms of traditional Chinese medicine, we summarized the contents into the following flow chart, and all the knowledge points in this chapter were studied around this flow chart, which improved the learning efficiency.
2.2 Heuristic classroom teaching is based on the principle of "learning as the main body, teaching as the leading factor, and developing intelligence". Under the guidance of teachers, fully mobilize students' learning initiative, stimulate students' interest, interact with teachers and students, and cultivate students' ability to think and solve problems independently. For example, in the process of explaining drug quality requirements, we should grasp the principle of "safety, effectiveness and stability" and inspire students to explore how to make tablets, injections and infusions achieve the above goals. How to control a production link? What are the requirements for the production environment? What quality control indicators are needed? Make students listen to the class with questions and think positively, which improves the learning efficiency.
2.3 The combination of lecture and practice changes the traditional "spoon-feeding" teaching method, and adopts the combination of "lecture-practice-lecture" for classroom teaching, that is, after the teacher gives a lecture, students practice some exercises with high flexibility and reflect the key knowledge points in the classroom, and then the teacher summarizes them, which can get twice the result with half the effort. For example, after explaining the calculation method of adjusting isotonicity in the chapter of injection, let students use different methods (such as freezing point drop data method and sodium chloride isotonic equivalent method) to calculate the same problem, and the results are different, and then ask the question: Why do the freezing point drop data method and sodium chloride isotonic equivalent method have different results in calculating the same problem? Students will immediately read the book carefully and find the answer: the original freezing point drop data method calculates the amount of isotonic regulator to be added in the solution of 100 ml, while the sodium chloride isotonic equivalence rule is the amount of sodium chloride to be added in the actual solution, which is naturally different. After that, the teacher summarized several calculation methods to adjust isotonicity to deepen students' understanding of this knowledge point.
2.4 The use of modern educational technology for multimedia teaching is a modern teaching method widely used in colleges and universities in China. It is informative, intuitive and illustrated. In the teaching process of this course, teachers make full use of pharmaceutical textbooks, including words, images, videos, animations and so on. , and constantly improve and supplement in the process of use. The visual and vivid teaching method with illustrations is convenient for students to understand and master abstract theoretical concepts and course difficulties [2 for example, in the explanation of tablets, we show the whole process of tabletting through animated films; Introduce the development trend and enterprise situation of pharmacy to students through the network, and recommend relevant websites at home and abroad; Through the network to achieve communication and interaction with students, stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning, and cultivate students' innovative thinking and ability.
2.5 Reform of course assignments and examination methods Starting from the guiding ideology of promoting quality education, change the routine assignments and examination methods [3]. In addition to the traditional written topics, the course assignments often arrange to review and summarize the topics of pharmaceutical literature in order to improve students' autonomous learning ability. Adopt comprehensive assessment methods, such as final open-book examination, comprehensive assessment of experimental ability, comprehensive report, usual examination and classroom discussion, classroom attendance, etc. Guide students to strengthen their studies at ordinary times, pay attention to flexible learning and application, and prevent them from rushing to cope with exams at the end of the term.