There are many factors that affect locomotive fuel consumption, among which the driver's sense of responsibility and driving skill level have a direct impact on fuel consumption. According to estimates, the average fuel consumption of skilled drivers is 8% ~ 10% lower than that of ordinary drivers. Therefore, the key to saving fuel in driving is to see whether the driver can take corresponding driving operations according to the running situation of the locomotive, so as to make the man-machine cooperation properly and keep the locomotive in the best running state.
Automobile fuel-saving technology began in Japan, because Japan is a small country with resources and must pay attention to energy saving. In this respect, Japan is also in a leading position in technology. All countries in the world should pay more attention to the research on fuel-saving technology. After the second economic crisis in the capitalist world, the energy chain of western capitalist countries broke due to the joint efforts of the oil-producing countries, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, which triggered a large-scale economic crisis. In addition, due to the deepening understanding of oil, a non-renewable energy source, people begin to pay more and more attention to the research of automobile fuel-saving technology. ...
There are four main factors that affect automobile economy:
1, the mass of the car itself.
2. Wind drag coefficient of automobile body.
3. Technical level of automobile engine.
4. Driving habits and skills of car users.
The research of automobile body quality is also a development direction of automobile design in the future, that is, the research of automobile body lightweight. This research mainly involves material science and mechanical structure analysis, especially the finite element method of car body. At present, the research on automobile body lightweight has not yet entered the stage of large-scale application, but the progress is still rapid.
With the continuous improvement of automobile speed, the research on automobile drag coefficient has been paid more and more attention. Porsche Motor Company of Germany has the last aerodynamic laboratory in the automotive industry in the world. The focus of this study is to minimize the air resistance during driving.
Nowadays, automobile engine technology has developed to a very mature stage, especially Japanese automobile companies keep ahead in this respect, especially the research on engine economy. At present, most automobile engines, especially passenger cars, use gasoline engines. However, due to the problem of compression ratio, the combustion efficiency of gasoline engine is far less than that of diesel engine. Due to the huge pressure of energy saving, the application of diesel engine in passenger cars will also be an important content and trend of fuel saving technology research in the future.
Due to the non-renewable nature of oil, the research of automobile manufacturers in powertrain has gone beyond the scope of using oil as energy, such as hybrid vehicles, fuel cell vehicles and other related technologies have approached the commercial level. In addition, natural gas vehicles and alcohol vehicles are increasingly appearing in people's field of vision.
All the above are the work of automobile manufacturers in fuel saving. For riders, good driving habits also have a great impact on fuel economy. If you start with a big foot accelerator, then come to an emergency brake, the EFI car slides in neutral, and so on. ...
With the rising oil price, people pay more and more attention to the fuel consumption of automobiles. How to drive more fuel-efficient?
1, new car running-in experts reminded the new car to run-in within 3000 kilometers before. The running-in of new cars should be controlled within 80 kilometers per hour; Minimize sudden acceleration and deceleration.
2, the reasonable maintenance of the car-regular maintenance to know that a car in good condition can save fuel 15% to 20%. Air filter, gasoline filter and oil filter: parts need to be replaced every 5,000 kilometers or more, because the air filter blockage will reduce the gas volume, lead to insufficient gasoline combustion and reduce fuel efficiency, and the blocked gasoline filter will also make the engine work abnormally; For engine oil: you need to add an appropriate amount of engine oil, and pay attention to the scale marked on the engine oil scale. Too much oil will flood the crankshaft and increase the resistance; Too little oil can not play the role of lubrication and sealing, and even affect the efficiency of the engine; For tire condition: low tire pressure will increase fuel consumption. According to the investigation of the US Department of Energy, if the tire pressure of each vehicle is less than the standard pressure 1 psi, the United States will consume150,000 liters of gasoline every day. Regularly check whether the tire wear is uniform. If you find abnormal conditions such as eccentric tire wear or the steering wheel is not centered, you need to consult a professional repair shop for repair as soon as possible; In addition, excessive decoration, such as spoiler and rain cover, should be avoided, which will destroy the richness of the original design of the car and improve fuel consumption; Don't put a lot of unusual things in the trunk. Increasing unnecessary load will also increase fuel consumption. Statistics show that every load of 1 kg will increase the fuel consumption of 1%. In order to save fuel, some drivers turn off the air conditioner and open the window for ventilation at high speed, which is not desirable. When the speed is higher than 85 km/h, the wind resistance consumption after opening the window is more than the fuel consumption of the air conditioning system, which will reduce your fuel economy index by 65,438+00%.
3. Cultivate good driving habits and choose a reasonable driving state according to different road conditions: reduce emergency acceleration and deceleration and emergency turning. When driving, you should not only look at the first car, but also see the situation of the first two or three cars at the same time, so as to take measures in advance to reduce sudden braking; Don't refuel suddenly, accelerate to the same speed suddenly and slowly at a time, and the fuel consumption difference can reach12ml; Drive at a constant speed, and if possible, maintain the most economical working condition: the engine speed is 2000 ~ 3000 rpm, and the vehicle speed is 60 ~ 90 km/h. Shift Timing: Select the best timing to shift gears (the engine speed is between 2000 and 3000 rpm); Put an end to low-speed driving, which often makes the fuel consumption exceed 45% of the normal value; Users of manual cars should put an end to high-speed starting. Reduce idle state: it is a good habit to warm up the car moderately. It is recommended to drive slowly for a long time, which will increase fuel consumption; Idle for a long time, idling air conditioning is particularly fuel-intensive.
4. How to measure the actual fuel consumption correctly The correct fuel consumption measurement method is: fill the fuel tank and record the first mileage; Fill the tank again, and record the second refueling times and the second mileage; Subtract the two mileage and divide it by the second refueling times to get the fuel consumption of 100 kilometers; According to this method, many experiments were carried out and the average value was obtained.
Fuel saving is a big topic, which often involves many factors. Therefore, how to save fuel for vehicles should not be limited to a certain point or a certain aspect. From the above analysis, we can know that the fuel economy of vehicles is mainly directly related to "people". The driver's attention and study on driving operation technology and vehicle application method is the true meaning of fuel saving! There are no secrets in the world. Only when you are familiar with and understand the vehicle and use it correctly can you really enter the realm of vehicle fuel saving!
Harm and prevention of fatigue driving
According to statistics, there were 629 traffic accidents due to driver fatigue in China last year, with 538 casualties. According to the information provided by the traffic police department, about 40% of the serious traffic casualties are caused by fatigue driving, which poses a serious threat to safe driving. According to the research, the probability of drivers making mistakes in complex operations is 12% at the initial stage of driving, and the mistakes increase with time. After 8 hours, the driving error has more than doubled. Professor Li Shunwei from the Department of Neurology of Peking Union Medical College Hospital said that fatigue driving will not only affect the driver's reaction time, judgment and vision, but also affect his alertness and ability to deal with problems, especially the increase of "micro-sleep" period of about two-thirds seconds caused by fatigue, which is an important cause of traffic accidents.
So, how to avoid fatigue driving?
To avoid fatigue driving, we must first ensure adequate sleep, work overtime all night, run long distances, and even play cards, chat and go to bars, which are not desirable for drivers. There are three dangerous periods in a day, namely noon, dusk and night. Be extra careful when driving during these three periods. Secondly, in order to let the cerebral cortex have a recovery time, it is best not to drive continuously for a long time. You should stop and have a rest every 100 km or two hours. When you feel monotonous and sleepy on the way, you should simply stop and have a rest to regain your strength. Never drive hard.
When a driver drives for a long time and a long distance, the most important influence is the various functions of this part of the body directly related to driving. So be sure to get enough sleep before driving. According to statistics, most car accidents are caused by driving from 0: 00 pm to 6: 00 pm and from 13 pm to 16 pm during the day. People are most likely to feel tired at these times. Drivers and friends should pay attention to ensuring rest. How many drivers take turns driving a long distance, one driving and the others sleeping. You can also adjust your seat and chair back properly, or get off at the roadside to relax yourself later. Don't always stare at the center line of the road when driving. Be sure to keep a considerable distance from other vehicles. Another is to seek sensory stimulation by listening to some rhythmic music or listening to some jokes; Eating light food, drinking plenty of water and drinking tea have a soft and exciting effect, which is the first-class drink in long-term driving. Although smoking stimulates the nervous system, it will also increase the burden on the cardiovascular system and promote fatigue. But it must be remembered that the time to arrive at the destination should not be determined in advance to prevent driving fatigue in a hurry.
Besides reasonably arranging sleep time and controlling continuous driving time, drivers should also eat more anti-fatigue food.
In addition, drivers should learn some exercises to eliminate fatigue of limbs and organs, and use driving breaks or rest time to relieve fatigue. Here are a few exercises to eliminate fatigue of limbs and organs for your reference:
1, eyes. When driving, the eyes are the hardest organ to be lazy and the easiest organ to get tired. Driving for too long can easily cause eye fatigue. So we can use all kinds of rest time to do some eye protection activities, such as looking at the distance or the sky; Turn the eyeball; Massage around the eyes with your hands; Applying hot towel to eyes can relieve eye fatigue, promote blood circulation and prevent eye diseases. When driving on the highway with monotonous scenery, you should look around, change the visual focus appropriately, and maintain certain visual stimulation with different scenery. Always pay attention to eye hygiene, and don't wipe your eyes with dirty things such as oil stains and hard fabrics. When the front sunlight is too dazzling, you'd better wear sunglasses in addition to the sun visor.
2, ears. Due to the influence of car noise, in the process of driving for a long time, the hearing will unconsciously decline, and the danger signals before the accident may not be detected. Therefore, it is not appropriate to listen to strong songs while driving, and the volume should not affect driving safety. Don't listen to music during rest, let your ears have a rest, massage the auricle and other parts to relieve hearing fatigue. In addition, you should also check your hearing regularly and treat the problem in time.
3. hands. Long-term driving, especially long-distance cross-country driving on bumpy roads, will not only make palms sweat, arms numb and grip strength decrease, but also lead to muscle spasm, atrophy and bone and joint diseases for a long time, which will seriously lead to the decline of nervous system function. In addition, drivers are prone to sweating in hot weather, and hand slippage in dealing with emergencies may also lead to traffic accidents. Therefore, it is best to wear gloves when driving, which can not only prevent sweaty hands from slipping, but also add a damping layer between the steering wheel and hands to cushion the vibration of opponents and the human body.
4. feet. No, but it's not easy. Although the feet don't often touch the ground directly, they are not at leisure. Throttle, clutch, brake can't be less. I've been waiting. Therefore, it is very important for a driver to protect his feet. Choosing a pair of warm, breathable, moderately sized and comfortable shoes, preparing more pairs of cotton socks and insoles, changing shoes and socks after sweating, scalding feet with hot water before going to bed, massaging soles and stimulating acupoints on feet are all helpful to relieve fatigue.
5. body. When driving, the body is relatively fixed for a long time, which will cause chronic fatigue damage to the muscles and ligaments of the neck, shoulders and back. In addition, due to the restraint of seat belts, inertia will hurt the head and neck. Therefore, the correct driving posture is very important. Keep your upper body straight, chin raised, shoulders relaxed, knees slightly bent, hips as close as possible to the back of the chair, and arms holding the steering wheel slightly bent. During driving and rest, you should exercise more, especially your shoulders, neck and back. If you find painful symptoms that are difficult to relieve, you should go to the hospital in time.
In addition, improving drivers' traffic safety awareness and professional ethics is also an effective measure to prevent fatigue driving. Because as long as drivers have their own and others' life safety and traffic laws in mind and put them into action, they will consciously resist fatigue driving and ensure driving safety.