We can generally understand political philosophy as a philosophical reflection on political life. This kind of reflection can point to an ideal state of social life and an understanding of real political life. The emergence of political philosophy coexists with questioning, and the content of questioning revolves around how to get a better life and devote itself to surpassing the existing life. This kind of questioning can be regarded as an ideal reflection on human society and a critical reflection on reality. The development of Marxist theory in China is our focus. Marxist philosophy has a political philosophy, and even Marxism is a political philosophy. Exploring Marx's political philosophy is of great significance to the construction of Socialism with Chinese characteristics.
Marx's political thought has spread in China for more than one hundred years, which not only promoted the process of revolution, construction and reform in China, but also profoundly influenced the political concept of China people. Up to now, most of our understanding of Marx's political philosophy generally points to the basic theory of Marxism. 19 17 After the victory of Russian October Revolution and 19 19 China? May 4th Movement? Under the influence of the movement, the basic theory of Marxism began to be introduced into China, and was quickly accepted and spread by advanced intellectuals in China. 1949 the establishment of the new China means the great victory of Marxist political science in China and lays the foundation for its further development in China. Until today, we still insist on taking Marxism as the guidance, but we are using the general concept of Marxism to explain the guidance of Marxist political philosophy to the construction of China's political system. It is very necessary to understand the main connotation of Marxist political philosophy.
Academic circles generally grasp Marx's political philosophy from two aspects: broad sense and narrow sense. In a narrow sense, Marx's political philosophy means that Marx studies and deals with political phenomena and problems with philosophical methods and perspectives. Marxist philosophy includes philosophy, political economy, etc. In a narrow sense, it also includes a complete political philosophy system. For example, philosophical research on various political phenomena such as state, law, class, civil society, proletarian dictatorship, violence, alienation, political liberation and human liberation; Another example is the philosophical study of various basic political concepts, categories and ideas such as democracy, freedom, equality, justice and human rights, including the philosophical study of various specific political issues and the philosophical study and criticism of various political trends of thought.
Generalized Marxist political philosophy. The whole Marxist philosophy has reason to be regarded as an authentic political philosophy, because he deals with philosophical problems in a political way, as he said in the Introduction to Criticism of Hegel's Philosophy of Right (1844). Philosophy regards the proletariat as its material weapon. Similarly, the proletariat also regards philosophy as its spiritual weapon. Philosophy cannot become a reality without destroying the proletariat, and the proletariat cannot destroy itself without turning philosophy into reality. ? Marx viewed and explained the nature, mission and ultimate goal of philosophy from the standpoint of proletariat and human liberation. In Marx's view, political economy, philosophy and sociology are integrated. People often regard his political economy as an analysis of capitalist modernity; Take his theory of productism as an example, it is unique but worthy of the name.
However, the above-mentioned distinction between narrow sense and broad sense is only for the convenience of grasping Marx's political philosophy in theory. In Marx's view, they are unified, which together constitute the main content of Marx's political philosophy. With the continuous development and progress of China's social economy and politics, we need to make clear the focus of our political development, which is also deeply influenced by Marxist political philosophy. Marx's political philosophy pays attention to man and his free and all-round development. Today, China's people-oriented policy has inherited this point, but the actual political situation is very complicated. Marx's political philosophy is both retrospective and forward-looking. Since the reform and opening up, under the guidance of Marxist theory, China's political science has absorbed and used for reference the beneficial achievements of foreign political science, conducted in-depth discussions on the macro-political system and micro-political behavior, compared and analyzed the political systems of various countries, and systematically demonstrated China's political system. But if we look to the future, we expect Marx's political philosophy to guide us to a happy life.
Enter. Marxist philosophy takes the ideal society as the goal to reflect on political life and conceive the future ideal society and its realization. The healthy development of political life in contemporary China urgently needs the cultivation of a healthy political culture, and a healthy political culture cannot be separated from the dimension of theoretical criticism, more specifically, political criticism as a social criticism theory. Today's real social life in China urgently needs Marxist philosophy to make a forward-looking expression of real political life, so as to better guide our social development.
Every political philosophy has its own value pursuit. The value pursuit of Marx's political philosophy is to pursue materialism, liberation, freedom and all-round development from the perspective of examining people. Political philosophy is always concerned? People? The fate of human nature is a classic proposition of western political philosophy and also the focus of Marx's political philosophy. He is always concerned about the happiness of mankind. It is not the state system that created the people, but the people that created the state system. ? If a country's political philosophy does not pay attention to the happiness of its own people, it is probably not a responsible country. Because if the state system no longer expresses the will of the people, it will become a nominal thing. ?
I hope that the focus of our national politics is also happiness, which is to let people live and work in peace and contentment and feel safe. As Sebrina expressed in "I hope the country loves citizens like me": I love my country, and I hope my motherland loves me. I hope the country can give us a sense of security, so that one citizen will no longer be afraid of another citizen and let his citizens have something to say and dare to say it. Their living environment also allows them to say so. They are law-abiding, responsible for this society, for this era, and for themselves. Looking forward to the future, China will study Marxist philosophy more deeply, better inherit the focus of Marxist political philosophy, pay more attention to people, better create people's living and discourse environment, realize people's happiness, and make great strides towards productism.