1 is a science that studies the nature and characteristics of literature and its occurrence and development. It belongs to the category of humanities. Some people have a broad understanding of the objects of literature and art, and think that besides literature, the research objects also include painting, sculpture, music, dance, drama, movies, architecture, arts and crafts and other arts. It is generally believed that literature and art have three main components: literary theory, literary history and literary criticism; Others think that literature and art refer to literary theory. As far as the literary theory as an organic whole is concerned, literary theory focuses on the logical study of literature, literary history focuses on the historical study of literature, and literary criticism focuses on the study of the realistic movement of literature, which are closely related and inclusive. Literary theory not only draws nutrition from literary history and literary criticism to promote the formation of theoretical system, but also provides certain theoretical viewpoints, methods, standards and categories for literary history and literary criticism.

2 The main component of literature and art It often studies the basic principles and principles of the essence, characteristics, internal composition and external relations of literature from the perspectives of aesthetics, epistemology, sociology and psychology. The task of literary theory is to reveal the essence of literature as an aesthetic cultural phenomenon: to clarify the position and role of literature in the whole cultural phenomenon; It is also necessary to explain the characteristics of literature that are different from other cultural phenomena. Literary theory is a theoretical summary of constantly developing and changing literary practice, so it has its own development process.

This is a famous view put forward by abrams, an American contemporary literary theorist, in the book Mirror and Lamp. The four elements of literature mean that literature, as an activity, always consists of four elements: works, writers, the world and readers.

Literature in a broad sense is the general name of all verbal or written language acts and works, including the so-called literature and general cultural forms such as politics, philosophy, history and religion.

Literature in a narrow sense refers to the prevailing literature today, that is, language and artistic acts and works including emotion, fiction and imagination, such as poems, novels and essays.

6 An oral or written language work that is difficult to classify between broad literature and narrow literature can be called eclectic literature. For example, historical literature, documentary literature and some stylized political papers.

The so-called discourse refers to the specific behaviors and activities of communication between people through language, including speaker, receiver, text, communication and context. Discourse accumulation is a summary of the special language and meaning of literary activities, which means that literature, as a social discourse activity, contains rich possibilities of meaning generation.