Campus architecture is not complicated, but it is the home of students' hopes and dreams. This kind of planning including campus atmosphere is an ideal way to introduce urban design methods into campus design. In this process, the key point is not the planning and design of specific buildings, but a set of rules of the game, including the control elements of space and single buildings, as well as the implementation methods, advocating public participation and establishing a set of mechanisms that can be continuously improved. In particular, the opinions of teachers and students, the main groups of users, should be taken seriously. The integration of the old campus should make up for the lack of functions of the building, integrate the internal and external space of the building, and let the buildings of different eras be vividly integrated again. In addition to functions and forms, the planning and design of university campus should also have spiritual and cultural connotations, so the holistic view of university campus planning and design is put forward.
First, the concept of campus planning and design
1. functional zoning: with the change of higher education concept, the development of school scale strictly emphasizes the main functional zoning of colleges and universities, which can't meet the requirements of students and teachers. In order to integrate and penetrate various functional fields, we must apply the concept of "people-oriented".
2. Campus characteristics: inherit the university culture and regional characteristics in the planning of the new campus, and create a campus environment that reflects the humanistic spirit and characteristics of their respective schools.
3. Ecological environment: With the large-scale construction of campus, planning and design should combine nature, make full use of natural conditions, and protect and build campus ecosystem. Create an ecological and garden campus environment.
4. Sustainable development: Campus planning should fully consider future development, make the planning structure diverse, coordinated and flexible, adapt to future changes and meet sustainable development. In the overall design of the campus, we should also:
1) The individual buildings should coordinate with each other, talk to each other and be organically connected to form the overall continuity between the road facade and the external space;
2) Starting from the overall style of the campus, buildings or landscapes should have an organic order and become a unit in the whole system;
3) The design of external space and architectural space are inseparable, so planning architectural landscape design should become an important work in the development of campus construction.
Second, the universality principle of the overall design concept of campus
The principle of universality is to abstract the university campus into a multifunctional and considerable research on human settlements.
(1) Macro-level-taking the creation of the overall space environment as the object, the designer should take the creation of the overall land space environment as the design object and the ultimate goal, and he should pay attention to the entire living space and humanistic environment in the campus area.
1, defining the important starting point of the overall design.
In the overall design of each park, it is necessary to analyze the base and teaching concept and set aside the starting point of design. Defining the important starting point of the overall design is conducive to grasping the important contradictions in the design, highlighting the main characteristics, clarifying the master-slave relationship, and putting forward the internal logic and mode of the connection of various elements, so as to clarify the key laws that each design element should follow and highlight, and ensure the overall unified direction.
2. The process of circular thinking that restricts each other
The thinking process of campus master design is a comprehensive process of multi-direction, that is, considering planning from architectural design, considering planning from external space structure, and then considering architecture, landscape and external space in turn from planning requirements. In the overall design, these four parts should be mutually restricted, and each design stage should take into account other design stages.
(b) Meso-level-optimizing the external space of group buildings
In the overall design of campus, the external space of group buildings should be integrated with the surrounding environment. Optimize the form of external space:
1. Subjectivity of external space In the design of group buildings, the building should always be regarded as a supporting role and the external space as the main body. According to the relationship between the building and the bottom of the drawing, the form, connection and continuity of the enclosure of the external space are emphatically analyzed.
2. Humanization of external space combines human activities with external space, emphasizing the participation of external space. Some functional spaces should be planned artificially according to the style and living atmosphere of the park, which not only affects people's lifestyle, but also helps to improve the status of the external space, so that the internal and external spaces can be integrated and contribute to the overall environment.
3. Micro-level-reconstructing gray space and constructing space.
On the one hand, "grey space" refers to color, on the other hand, it refers to excessive space between indoor and outdoor, but its existence erases the boundaries between indoor and outdoor buildings to some extent, making them an organic whole. The coherence of space and the unity of design create a consistent building inside and outside, eliminate the gap between inside and outside space, and give people a natural and organic sense of wholeness.
As far as the overall design is concerned, the consideration and design of transition space is very prominent. If you use gray space to blur the building, if you use corridors, platforms, holes in the facade, outdoor stairs, footbridges, etc. to increase the space and level.
Compared with architectural space, the so-called "architectural" space is defined as the space formed to gather a sense of place, such as the extension of walls, columns, frames, signs and towers, in addition to the necessary functional space required by the architectural design task book. Architectural spaces are non-architectural spaces. Although they can't have direct functions, they are often an extension of buildings and a part of indoor and outdoor integration, which is of great significance to the continuation of human perceptual experience and the formation of a sense of place.
Third, the principle of adaptive construction of campus master design
(A) the modernization of campus functions
1, with a cultural atmosphere, is also opening up. On the one hand, the socialized management of logistics market brings problems to campus buildings, on the other hand, the opening of campus cultural and sports resources to the society has an impact on planning layout and traffic management.
2. The knowledge-based economy has changed the requirements for talents. First, lifelong re-education has become a social requirement, and the Adult Education College, as a subsidiary function of the university, came into being. Second, Industry-University-Research is integrated, and scientific research results serve the society.
3. In the new era of educational reform, the eight-character policy of "* * * building, adjusting, merging and linking" aims to provide good opportunities for colleges and universities to develop to a higher level through complementary resource advantages and multidisciplinary integration. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the centralized layout of the teaching center area, reform the closed and independent environmental layout of each department, facilitate resource sharing and subject exchange, realize efficient and convenient intelligent teaching environment, and adopt an independent and generally centralized layout mode.
4. The connotation of higher education has changed from traditional one-way indoctrination by teachers to open education with students as the main body and human development and quality training as the center. This trend requires strengthening the concept of "people-oriented" in campus design, emphasizing that walking space, human scale and the communication between man and nature are not only the main teaching space, but also the student living space of the whole campus as a whole.
(B) the formation of the overall cohesion of the campus center
The main feature of early modern campus is that buildings form a strict axis around a central square, the colonnades around the square are connected with each other, and the library or other leading buildings are located at one end of the axis.
1, the central square and the landmark leading building at the end of the square become the main square of the campus, which is a large-scale communication space and strengthens the cognition of campus characteristics in the morning. Because the whole or the whole is relatively scattered and messy, the formation of a sense of centrality is conducive to the formation of a sense of wholeness.
With the deepening of reform and opening up, China's higher education has also achieved unprecedented development. A large number of new schools and campuses have been established. Campus construction is not complicated, but it is pregnant with the hopes and dreams of a large number of students. An ideal way for this kind of campus atmosphere-inclusive planning is campus design that can introduce urban planning methods. In this process, the focus is not on the planning and design of specific buildings, but on a set of rules of the game, including the control elements of space and single buildings, as well as the implementation methods, advocating public participation and establishing a set of mechanisms that can be continuously improved. In particular, as the integration of the old campus, we should make up for the lack of function of the building, integrate the internal and external space of the building, and make the buildings of different eras vividly merge together again. It also excludes function and form, and should be based on spiritual and cultural connotation, thus putting forward the holistic view of university campus planning and design. First, the concept of campus planning and design 1. Functional areas: With the change of the concept of higher education, the size of the school strictly emphasizes the major functional areas in colleges and universities, which in fact can no longer meet the operational requirements for students and teachers. In order to blend and infiltrate the functional areas, we must apply the concept of "people-oriented". 2. Campus characteristics: inherit the university culture, and make a campus environment that reflects the humanistic spirit and characteristics of their respective schools with the regional characteristics in the new campus planning. 3. Ecological environment: With the large-scale construction of campus, planning and design should combine nature and make full use of natural conditions to protect and build the campus ecosystem. Create an ecological and botanical garden campus environment. 4. Sustainable development: Campus planning should fully consider the future development, make the planning structure diverse, coordinated and flexible, adapt to future changes and meet sustainable development. In the overall design of the campus, it should also be: 1) The individual buildings should coordinate with each other, talk to each other and be organically connected to form the overall continuity between the road setting surface and the external space; 2) Starting from the overall style of the campus, buildings or landscapes should have an organic order and become an integral unit in the system; 3) External space and architectural space design are inseparable, and planning architectural landscape design should become an important work in campus construction and development. Second, the universality principle of the overall design concept of the campus. The universality principle is that the abstract university campus is multifunctional and suitable for the study of human settlements. (1) Macro-level-architecture takes the overall space environment as the object. A designer needs to take the overall space environment of the building as the design object and the ultimate goal, and he should pay attention to the entire living space and humanistic environment of the campus area. 1st, which defines the important starting point of overall design. In the overall design of each park, it is necessary to analyze the base, teaching concept, etc. and allocate the starting point of design. Defining the important starting point of the overall design is conducive to highlighting the key points in the design, highlighting the main features, clarifying the master-slave relationship, and putting forward the internal logic and methods of the relationship between various elements, so as to clarify the principles that each design element should follow and highlight the key points and ensure the overall unified direction. The thinking process of mutual restriction and circulation The thinking process of campus overall design is a comprehensive process of multi-circulation, that is, considering planning from architectural design, considering planning from external space structure, and then considering architecture, landscape and external space in turn from planning requirements. In the overall design, these four parts should be mutually restricted, and other design stages should be taken into account in each design stage. (2) meso-level-optimizing the external space of community buildings In the overall design of the campus, the external space of community buildings should be integrated. Optimize the form of external space: 1st, the main body of external space in community building design, there are often buildings as a supporting role, as the main body of external space, according to the relationship between buildings and the bottom, focusing on the analysis of the form and relationship of external space enclosure, as well as continuity. The external space is a pleasant combination of human activities and external space, emphasizing the participation of external space. Some functional spaces should be planned manually according to the style and living atmosphere of the garden, which not only affects people's lifestyle, but also helps to improve the status of external space and make the internal and external spaces combine to contribute to the overall environment. Micro-level-building gray space and building space "gray space" refers to color on the one hand, and excessive space between the inside and outside of the room on the other, but its existence cancels the external boundary in the building to a certain extent, making the two become one. The penetration of space creates the unity of architecture and design that is consistent inside and outside, eliminates the obstacles of internal and external space, and gives people a feeling of natural integration. As far as the whole design is concerned, the consideration and design revelation of the transition space is very prominent. Compared with the building space, the so-called "building" space, which is combined with porches, platforms, openings in the facade, external stairs, additional space and footbridges, is defined as the necessary functional space beyond the requirements of the architectural design, and the space formed to create a sense of place, such as extended walls, walls, frames, signs and so on. Architectural space is non-architectural space, although it can't play a direct role, but they are often the extension of architecture and the part of indoor and outdoor integration, which is of great significance to the continuation of people's conscious experience and the formation of a sense of place. Third, the construction principle of campus overall design adaptability (1) campus function time 1st, to maintain the cultural atmosphere, but also to move towards openness. On the one hand, socialized management of logistics market brings problems to campus construction, on the other hand, campus culture and sports resources are open to the society, which has an impact on planning layout and traffic management. 2. Knowledge-based economy has changed the knowledge demand of talents. First, the requirement of integrating lifelong education into the society, and the Adult Education College came into being as a subsidiary function of the university. Second, Industry-University-Research is integrated, and scientific research results serve the society. 3. The "eight-character policy" of education reform in the new era of "co-construction, adjustment, merger and alliance" aims at providing good opportunities for universities to develop to a higher level by complementing each other's resource advantages and integrating multiple disciplines. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the centralized layout of the teaching center area in campus design, and reform the closed and independent environmental layout, which is conducive to the individual independence of resource sharing and subject exchange. The roughly centralized layout mode will effectively achieve an efficient and convenient intelligent teaching environment. The connotation of higher education has changed from the traditional teacher's one-way indoctrination of students as the main body to the open education centered on human development and quality training. This trend requires strengthening the idea of "people-oriented" in campus design, emphasizing the walking space, human norms, and the communication between people and nature, not only the main teaching space, but also the student living space of the whole campus should be paid attention to as a whole. (2) The formation of the overall cohesion of the campus center The main feature of the early modern campus is that the buildings form an orderly axis relationship around the central square, and the colonnades of the square are connected, and the library or other major buildings are located at the end of the axis. 1st, the central square and the sign at the square end lead to the construction of the campus main square, which is a large-scale communication and publicity space, and strengthens the early recognition of campus characteristics. As the whole or the whole is relatively scattered and messy, the formation of the sense of center is conducive to the formation of the sense of integrity.