Material composition:

It is a form of writing according to the given materials and requirements. The characteristic of material composition is that candidates are required to conceive and conceive according to the materials. The center reflected by the materials is the source of the center of the article, and it is impossible to write without the center revealed by the materials. Therefore, material composition is also called "destiny composition", which belongs to self-proposition.

Proposition composition and material composition;

Material composition generally points out that the questioner only gives some words or pictures, and asks the candidates to write their own propositions according to the contents of the given words or pictures. Material composition is to give materials without giving topics, and the determination of topics depends entirely on the examinee's own understanding and grasp of the given materials. From the perspective of proposition, propositional composition is actually his proposition, while material composition is self-proposition, which is the main difference between them.

Writing strategies:

(1) Citation: Cite the materials appropriately, starting with the materials, but also rebate the materials during the argumentation process (not all of them can be copied). After analyzing the materials, you can summarize or summarize them in a few words.

② Discussion: It is to analyze and discuss the information provided in the materials, analyze the relationship between people, predict the results, and put forward the reasons. , paving the way for comments. This part can't be too long, just a hundred words or so.

(3) mention: put forward an argument (or viewpoint), be concise and clear in one or two sentences.

④ Connection: This is the key to the article, which can be pushed away with materials, connected with historical figures and stories, and connected with real life. You can give positive examples or negative proofs; You can put facts, or you can make sense. At least two examples should be cited, one is ancient and one is present, the other is positive and the other is negative, and the central argument can be expounded profoundly and forcefully from many angles and sides, which can be as long as three or four hundred words.

⑤ Depth: In-depth analysis. How to deeply analyze the reasons, explain the benefits (or hazards) and find out the crux.

Conclusion: the whole article is connected and summarized. We should deepen the issues discussed, do not pretend to be amazing, emphasize refinement and strength, and do not gild the lily.

Before the topic composition appeared, the material composition was a form of composition examination that often appeared in the senior high school entrance examination papers. In topic composition, the material is only the background of the topic, and the relationship between the material and the article is alienated. The material in the material composition is an important carrier of the composition point of view and the basis for the selection and conception of the writing content. Candidates must extract a little from the material to write. Without the material, it is beside the point, and the article and the material are very closely related. Therefore, when writing material compositions, we must adopt effective writing strategies according to the characteristics of "material importance" in order to better write high-quality exam compositions. Specifically, we should pay special attention to the following three aspects:

First, read the materials and master them comprehensively.

Reading materials is an important prerequisite for material composition writing. If you don't look at the materials, you will inevitably blur your composition, resulting in digression or digression. When reading materials, we must fully grasp them and never take them out of context. Instead, we should grasp the key points, understand the content, clarify the relationship, and understand the center, so as to lay a good foundation for the topic examination.

To grasp and understand the material comprehensively, we can't start from a certain part, but only grasp the fragments, otherwise it will be easy to digress. However, it is very helpful to grasp the key words or sentences in the material and deeply understand their essential meanings.

Second, strive for accuracy and novelty.

Material composition is also a "life composition", and the quality of conception directly affects the profoundness and innovation of composition. Therefore, when writing materials, we should try our best to be accurate and innovative on the basis of reading materials.

The so-called accuracy means grasping the content of the material, bearing in mind that the theme must come from the material and must not be separated from the material, otherwise it is easy to write a failed work.

The so-called innovation means trying to break through the mindset and go beyond the usual thinking of ordinary people. We should say what people have never said, strive to achieve "no one has me, no one has me" and work hard on the word "new". Only in this way can the articles written hopefully glow with creative brilliance.

Third, the use of materials is appropriate and ingenious.

In terms of material composition, the use of materials in the article is also a problem that cannot be ignored. Generally speaking, there are two forms of quoting materials, namely direct quotation and indirect quotation. According to different styles, the materials used are also different. Generally speaking, when writing an argumentative essay, it is best to quote materials at the beginning in order to better put forward your own views; Other styles can't be completely divorced from the material, so we should quote the material directly or indirectly in the right place, otherwise it will easily lead to the feeling of material alienation.

Material type:

Story type

Outline, fragment, fable ...

Debate type

Famous aphorisms, philosophies and argumentations >>

How to write argumentative papers and materials

Writing methods of argumentative essays

First, the three elements of argumentative writing:

1. Argument: It is the soul and commander-in-chief of an article. Any article has only one central argument, and usually there can be sub-arguments.

Arguments should be clear, accurate and general, and never be ambiguous or unpredictable. There are generally four kinds of positions in the debate:

(1) the title such as "transform our study" and "against stereotyped Party writing"

(2) Opening remarks such as "changing our learning style"

(3) Intermediate articles, such as "Taking Doctrine" and "On Accumulation and Storage"

(4) At the end, such as "On Qin", "Benevolence is not applied, and the offensive and defensive trends are different."

2. Arguments The materials used to prove arguments include factual arguments and theoretical arguments. Facts speak with facts, and theoretical arguments win with classics. The argument must revolve around the central argument, which is the most basic requirement. If the selected examples are inconsistent with the arguments, it will inevitably weaken the persuasiveness. For example, if memory can be transplanted in the composition of 1999 college entrance examination, we must make clear the difference between "memory" and "memory" when writing argumentative essays. Some candidates obviously made the mistake of deviating from the argument, citing Guo Moruo's Dream of Red Mansions as an example, which greatly reduced their persuasiveness.

When choosing factual arguments, there are several points to pay attention to:

Parameters must be typical.

Typical means that the argument should be representative.

(2) The argument must be novel. Many students' argumentative writing is inseparable from some old examples. For example, writing about the relationship between failure and success seems to be inseparable from Edison's invention of the light bulb. To write about adversity, you have to write about Zhang Haidi. Similar content does not mean that you can't use it, but that you use it, others use it, and everyone uses it. Whose composition is different?

(3) The statement of the argument should be concise, which is different from the narrative. It only needs to express the content related to the argument.

3. Argumentative writing is an important part of argumentative writing, which contains a lot of content.

① Basic types of argumentation: argumentation and refutation. Argument is discussed from the front, and rebuttal is discussed from the opposite side. We usually write argumentative essays mainly based on arguments.

② The basic structural level of argument: syllogism structure.

Put forward the problem (what is it) → analyze the problem (why) → solve the problem (how to do it)

Namely: introduce the conclusion of this theory.

General parameter structure:

A, summation structure b, control structure c, progressive structure d and parallel structure

The flexible use of the multi-level argumentation structure between paragraphs and sentences in the article will make the argumentative paper more active.

③ Common demonstration methods:

First, the example method, using typical cases as arguments to prove the argument.

Brief Writing and Repeated Writing: The fragment of "Song Wu Beats the Tiger" in Water Margin, the mountain temple in Jingyanggang, and the "broken" scenes that make the realm desolate are all displayed one by one. The two words here are millions of words, which can be described as extremely simple. In the same work, when the author writes about the benefits of many strokes, he cites the examples in the short story "Social Drama", which has to be said to be extremely typical.

When using examples, we should pay attention to the method of case narration. Pay attention to the order of several parallel cases and the arrangement of details. Write well-known materials, and write detailed materials that are not well-known.

Metaphor strengthens the image demonstration of the works.

When using metaphor, we should pay attention to the similarity between ontology and vehicle. Lu Xun's "takenism" compares cultural heritage to a big house, and lists a young man's attitude towards a big house to express the author's attitude towards cultural heritage, which is vivid and impressive.

C. Comparative argumentation: This method can enhance the significance of argumentation and make readers know what the author is for and against.

An excellent composition topic of this year's college entrance examination is "Four Acts of Drama", and the second act of the drama wrote this paragraph:

Background: In a small restaurant, two people sat face to face at a table, and there was half a doughnut in each plate in front of them.

A: Alas! Oh, my God, there's only half a doughnut left. (A looks helpless)

B: Oh, my God! That's great. There's half a doughnut. (b looks happy)

This passage written in the article is in sharp contrast, and the pessimism and optimism about life are vividly on the paper. As the author of this article said, an optimist will say what a beautiful flower is after being stabbed by a rose, and a pessimist will say how bad it is when he sees the thorn. I choose the beauty of roses, so I choose the former.

D. quoting, in addition to quoting famous sayings of celebrities, I suggest that students accumulate more famous sentences in classical poetry. On the one hand, it can strengthen the power of argument; On the other hand, it can enrich the content of the article and enhance the literariness of the argumentative paper.

There are no famous sentences in the college entrance examination in the past two years ... >>

How high school students write argumentative essays.

I don't think I can say a word or two about how to write an argumentative essay in high school. I suggest you pay attention to browsing the north of Wenhai City. This website is a high school reading and writing literature website sponsored by first-line Chinese teachers. It is professional and targeted. Most of the articles in it are now high school students' classroom compositions, as well as articles such as composition material analysis and writing guidance, which will be of great help to writing argumentative essays.

Baidu search "wenhai picks up the shell", the first one is.

How to write an argumentative essay in senior high school?

First of all, I know the characteristics of each genre. I mean, it's not so easy to write an argumentative narrative, and it's easy to score.

Then, master the structural theory. There are many kinds of writing structures. This teacher will definitely say it. Write it down and move it up.

The most important thing is to remember more materials. First of all, I recommend ancient poetry. I'd better have a passage in my composition piled up with ancient poems. Teacher China just likes these things.

At first, we must get to the point as soon as possible, and the middle is similar. If it says you find yourself off topic, you must point out the topic at the end. I mean, for example, resubmit the composition topic in another way.

I personally like it.

Harmony and parallelism

Learn to arrange a simple and feasible plan to improve

At the same time, we should also participate in school activities appropriately and develop in an all-round way. In the process of learning, we must: listen more (attend lectures), remember more (remember important model essays, important topic structures, concepts and formulas), read more (read books), do more (do homework), ask more questions (ask questions if you don't understand), review more and summarize more. Concentrate by taking notes in class. Read more poems, essays and short stories, especially some excellent examples of writing, and learn their creativity, structure, words, methods of describing people, events, times and scenes, as well as the finishing touch. At other times, we should ensure the study time and the quality of each subject, and we should not be partial to the subject. We must ensure adequate sleep (8 hours) every day. If we are too sleepy, we can have a rest during recess or self-study. We must ensure the efficiency of study. We must arrange appropriate free time to communicate with family and friends and participate in other activities. Through unremitting efforts, our achievements will be improved and stabilized step by step. We must try our best to take the exam. Finally, you must be careful during the exam. You must be normal. After the exam, you should sum up carefully so that you can study better in the future. Now: let go of the burden, usually: study hard. Before the exam: prepare carefully, during the exam: don't give up, after the exam: be normal. Remember! Success always comes from unremitting efforts, and success always belongs to diligent people. I wish you success!

First, the composition should learn to accumulate "reading thousands of books, writing like a god" and "a clever woman can't cook without rice". These ancient summaries illustrate the importance of "accumulation" in writing from both positive and negative aspects. "Usually rely on accumulation, the examination room depends on play", which is the same experience of the students in the examination room. (A) language to establish a "vocabulary". Vocabulary is the cell of an article. Vocabulary in a broad sense refers not only to the collection of words and phrases, but also to sentences and sentence groups. There are two ways to establish "vocabulary": the first is reading. Usually, you should read books, newspapers and periodicals extensively, take reading notes, extract some beautiful words, sentences and paragraphs from a specific notebook, or make reading cards. The second is life. At ordinary times, we should capture the fresh language in the popular spoken language and write it down in a small notebook or card that we carry with us. Over time, we can say it chapter by chapter and write it beautifully. (2) Strengthen the accumulation of materials. Materials are the flesh and blood of the article. Because many students usually don't pay attention to accumulating materials, they are worried every time they write a composition, or edit or copy it. The solution to this problem is to accumulate materials. Usually, you can take a video camera and tape recorder with you, observe life deeply, actively participate in life, and record your experiences in family life, campus life and social life in time in the form of sketching, keeping a diary and writing observation notes. When recording, we should grasp the details and the characteristics of people, things, things and scenery. The article written in this way is flesh and blood. (3) We should strengthen ideological accumulation. Opinion is the soul of an article. The center of the article is not clear, or the thought is not profound, which often shows that the author's thought is superficial. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a "think tank". There are two ways: first, be thoughtful. "One more miss, one more gain." Think deeply at ordinary times and ask "why", "what" and "how" when something happens. So you can see the essence through the phenomenon. It is also necessary to record the "sparks" of thinking and the conclusions of thinking at any time. The second is compilation, that is, extracting famous sayings and aphorisms. In short, the composition should be accumulated, and the three writing warehouses of vocabulary, material and thought should be regularly counted, sorted and classified to continuously enrich and expand. Second, to write a good composition, first learn to observe that Mr. Lu Xun emphasized two points when answering the question of "how to write a good article" for literary youth: one is to read more books, and the other is to practice more. "Read more here" > >

High school material demonstration

You can write it in some ways, such as:

1, don't be evil, don't be good. Don't do it in life, think of a good name; Don't hurt heaven and earth for fame. At all times and in all countries, there are many people who seek neither fame nor profit, but there are also many selfish and overbearing people, which have a long history.

2. Then you can discuss it from the history of ancient and modern China and foreign countries, such as Fan Zhongyan who cares about the country and the people, such as Yue Fei (civil servants don't love money, military officers are not afraid of death), such as Wen Tianxiang who is loyal to the monarch and patriotic, such as Tan Shitong who sacrificed his whole family for the cause of people's liberation in China, and so on. Of course, many of them have been notorious for thousands of years, including the tyrant Qin Shihuang, modern Cheng and Saddam Hussein abroad.

3, in fact, fame and fortune are not important, but in today's society, the status of fame and fortune can not be underestimated, but we still have to lead an honest and clean life. So, people leave their names and geese leave their voices. Do you choose to be immortal or immortal in the future? This principle speaks for itself.

How to write high school material composition?

Pay attention to the content in the material, the material is definitely not just for your inspiration! The emotional orientation (positive or negative) revealed in the material should be figured out, otherwise it is easy to digress! Examining questions is very important. There are some keywords in the material, such as life is happy, bitter, sweet and sour ... in fact, it has given you a range for you to write. It is safer to choose one aspect of keywords to write. At the same time, the notes at the back of the material should also be carefully studied, such as the requirements of style and what is the focus of the topic. In short, we should read them carefully. There are a lot of training and examples about the method of examining questions in the writing guidance course of senior high school, which is very practical. You can have a look.

High school argumentative materials

1. Da Vinci 14 years old began to draw eggs, painting for 3 years; Socrates, the great philosopher of ancient Greece, is profound in thought, quick in thinking, caring for all beings, modest and prudent. Many young people come here to learn from him and listen to his teaching, hoping to be as wise as a teacher. Many of them are extremely gifted and talented. Everyone wants to stand out and become Socrates' successor. Socrates once said to his students, "Today we only learn the simplest and easiest things. Everyone tries to throw their arms forward and then try to throw them back. " Socrates demonstrated it again and said, "Starting today, do it 300 times a day. Can everyone do it? " The students all laughed. What can't be done with such a simple thing?

The next day, Socrates asked the students, "Who shook his arm three hundred times yesterday? Please raise your hand! " Dozens of students raised their hands, and none fell down. Socrates nodded. A week later, according to Socrates' request, more than half of the students raised their hands. After a month, Socrates asked the students, "Which students insist?" 90% of the students raised their hands proudly.

A year later, Socrates asked everyone again: "Please tell me, which students insisted on the simplest cutting action?" At this time, only one student in the whole classroom raised his hand. This student was Plato and later became another great philosopher in ancient Greece. He inherited Socrates' philosophy, established his own philosophical system, and cultivated Aristotle, a great philosopher in the west who can be called Confucius. 3. Stories such as China Jingwei Reclamation and Gong Yu Yishan Relocation.

High school material composition, how to write, what is the topic?

Spring is coming! Look, the melting ice water woke up the stream. "Ding Dong Ding Dong", like a magical singer of nature, is singing crisp and sweet songs and rushing forward. ...

Willow branches spread their yellow-green leaves, swaying gently in the slight spring breeze, just like groups of fairies in green clothes dancing. Peach trees sandwiched between willows also have bright flowers, green Liuhonghua, which is really beautiful!

Every spring, kapok as red as fire, peony as pink as chardonnay and Chinese rose as white as jade are in full bloom. Some are in bud, some are in bud, and some are in full bloom. Wave after wave of exciting flowers attracted many small bees, humming and dancing.

Continuous spring rain. It is it that awakens the grass, moistens the willows and blooms the primrose, telling us that spring has come. The grass came out of the ground and looked at it strangely; Willow swaying waist, dancing with the wind; Primula shouted, "Good spring, tick, tick."