Be fully prepared before you start writing. Once you start writing, you should stick to it in one breath and take out the first draft in the shortest time. This is the secret of many writers. Some people like to chew words repeatedly when writing articles, think about words while writing, and stop to look up words that can't be remembered in the dictionary for a long time. In this way, it is easy to interrupt the train of thought. In fact, the first draft might as well be a little thicker, with some flaws in materials or words, as long as it has nothing to do with the overall situation. Don't change it for the time being. It's not too late to deal with it after all the first drafts are written. This is what Lu Xun did. In his letter to assists, he said:
The previous composition method of "going back ten steps and nine times" is very wrong, that is, you constantly don't believe in yourself-the result is definitely impossible. After setting the pattern in the future, continue to write, no matter what rhetoric, don't look back. Wait until you finish writing, put it aside for a few days, then look back, delete a few words and change a few words. On the way to creation, while refining words, I really want to interrupt my interest. When I translate, if I can't think of the right words, I will leave them in the blank and continue to translate. I will consider them in the future.
Otherwise, you can stop most of the day because of one sentence. This is Lu Xun's experience, and it is also very enlightening for us to write our graduation thesis.
2. Who can provide Yuan Hongdao's translation of The Story Above? Ten miles from Xumen, you will reach Shihu.
Fang went up the mountain and fell on the lake. Its scenery is more beautiful than Tiger Hill. Isn't it because of Taihu Lake? As for the gathering of peaks, layers of green hills and tiger hills are also very good. Leaning forward against the solitary pavilion reminds people of the scene of Wan Liyun.
Probably because Fangshang Mountain is higher than other mountains, only Huqiu Mountain is shorter. Standing high, looking around, everything else is low, without any ups and downs; Standing in the low place, the green hills are green in the distance, and other mountains have become barriers. The mountains and valleys of Qian Shan set off the plains and wilderness. Therefore, it is particularly easy to see that these two mountains are very close to the city, but tourists prefer the tiger hill to the square. Isn't it incredible to be lonely and easy to get close to the world? I used to think that Fangshang Mountain has beautiful scenery, and Huqiu Mountain has become beautiful with the help of other mountains.
Tiger Hill is like a fashionable woman, 3 1, hiding behind the bead curtain; Fang looks like a Taoist priest in coarse clothes. Which of the two mountains is better and which is not? Just individuals according to their own preferences.
At the end of autumn, I used to talk to Xiao (is that a name? ) Climbing to the top of the mountain to see the moon, hiding a hook to tease, while handmaiden Lin Xiaoqing was punished for drinking. Dewdrops wet clothes in the middle of the night, drink happily, and then go back. When she went back, the east had turned white.
3. Yuan profile has never been interested in Hongdao's career. In the twenty years of Wanli (1592), he was a scholar, but he didn't want to be an official, so he went to study with his teacher and traveled around the mountains and rivers.
Resigned from Wuxian county magistrate, played in Suzhou and Hangzhou, and wrote many famous travel notes, such as Tiger Hill and First Arriving at West Lake. He was born to love the natural landscape and even ventured to board.
He once said, "Take care of your body and your life, so why travel around?" "It's better to die in Leng Shi than in bed." (Waterfall from Kaixian Temple to Huangyan Temple) In the process of climbing the mountain and facing the water, his thoughts were liberated, his personality was publicized and his literary creation was particularly high.
In the 26th year of Ming Shenzong Wanli (1598), Yuan Hongdao received a letter from his brother Yuan Zongdao, who was working in Beijing, asking him to go to Beijing. He had to restrain his interest in traveling and came to Beijing, where he was awarded Professor Shun Tianfu.
In the second year, he was promoted to teaching assistant in imperial academy. This article was written this spring.
Yuan Hongdao was born in Jiangnan (Hubei Public Security Bureau). The cold in the northland somewhat hindered his interest.
The first paragraph of the article wrote about the distress of wanting to swim. Early spring and February is not strange to northerners, but it is unbearable for a person who grew up in Jiangnan.
The author rationally knows "Yan Dihan", but "After the Flower Festival, the residual cold is still thick" is his personal feeling and experience. The word "Yu" and the word "Jude" set each other off to describe the situation in which the cold current refused to stop.
So, what is its specific performance? The author describes it in extremely concise language: "When it is frozen, it will fly sand and stones." Saying "frozen wind" instead of "cold wind" is to illustrate the degree of cold, and also shows the author's sensitivity to "cold in the wild"
In such bad weather, we had to "squeeze into a room and go out." From the perspective of "every time I take an adventure in the wind, I don't know how many times I have tried, but I have no choice but to return".
Literary schools in Ming dynasty. Representative figures are Yuan Zongdao (1560- 1600), Yuan Hongdao (1568- 16 10) and Yuan Zhongdao (1570-10).
Its important members include Jiang Yingke, Tao Wangling, Huang Hui, Lei Siwei and others. The members of the public security school mainly lived in Wanli period.
Since Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty, the literary world has been dominated by the "first seven scholars" headed by Li Mengyang and He Jingming and the "last seven scholars" headed by Wang Shizhen and Li Panlong. Their retro argument that "literature must be in the Qin and Han Dynasties, and poetry must flourish in the Tang Dynasty" and "don't study after the big calendar" has a great influence, so that "the world pushes Li, He, Wang and Li Jue, and all seek their effects" (Biography of Li Mengyang in the Ming Dynasty).
In the meantime, Gui Youguang and other "Tang and Song School" writers struggled, but they were not enough to correct their abuses. During the Wanli period, Li Zhi pointed out, "Why did you choose poetry in ancient times?" Why should Wen be in the pre-Qin period? "and" articles are not available, and the times have been talking about it ",which makes him, Jiao, Xu Wei and others actually become the pioneers of the public security school.
The literary thought of the Public Security School originated in Yuan Zongdao, with Yuan Hongdao as the backbone and actual leader, and Yuan Zhongdao further expanded its influence. The literary propositions of the public security school mainly include: ① opposing inheritance and advocating universal reform.
Everyone in the public security school lashed out at the tendency of the former and the latter seven sons to imitate words and eat the ancient times, and they sharply criticized the phenomenon of "plagiarism is common practice and one word is spoken by all" in the literary world. Yuan Zongdao also hit the nail on the head and pointed out that the source of the retro school is "ignorance rather than imitation" (paper). They hold that literature should change with the development of the times. "Generations have ups and downs, but the laws are inconsistent, the poles change, and each is poor and interesting" (Yuan Hongdao's Xiao Xu Shi Xiu), "The world has changed, and literature has also changed; There is no need to copy the ancient times today, but it is also possible "(Yuan Hongdao's" With the River ").
Not only the literary content, but also the formal language will change and tend to be popular. This is because "temperament is born, everything spits it, and there must be slang" (Yuan Zhongdao's Preface to Flowers and Snow). So, "why is the ancient high? Why should we be humble today? " They further argued that "all words and expressions are legal" and "the laws of ancient people can be summarized!" (Yuan Hongdao's Preface to the Collection of Xue Taoting) Break through all the barriers that bind creation.
(2) express your spirit, not stick to one pattern. The so-called "soul" is the writer's personality and true feelings, which is close to Li Zhi's "childlike innocence".
They think that "what comes from the soul is a true poem", while "it is almost impossible to be safe in nature, and what you do is called a real person" (Yuan Hongdao's Proverbs, Knowing Zhang You), and then emphasize that you won't write unless it comes from your own mind. Therefore, they advocate that "the truth is sincere."
If you are not sincere, you can't impress people. You should "say what people say, what people can't say and what people dare not say" (Lei Siwei's Preface to Little Bitang), where bread contains resistance to the gentle and honest poetic tradition of Confucianism. They interpret the creative process as "the spirit is in the heart and stays in the environment."
The environment is moved and the heart can bear it; If the heart wants to vomit, it will be transported by the wrist ",while" if the heart captures the environment and transports the heart by the wrist, the spirit will be complete "(Jiang Yingke, My Life Sequence). As long as "the wise men in the world have boundless bosom, the more they look for it, the different they are, the poor they change it, and then between ink and ink, everyone has his true face" (Yuan Zhongdao's Preface to the Complete Works of Mr. Zhong Lang), the innovation of literature can be realized.
(3) Emphasize folk novels and advocate popular literature. Public security schools attach great importance to drawing nutrition from folk literature. Yuan Hongdao once described folk songs such as "Dazaogan" as poems, which made him "broad-minded, broad-minded and magnanimous in his poetry collections". He thought that the poems such as Broken Jade and Jujube Rod sung by women and children at that time were "written by ignorant real people, so there are many true voices" and praised them.
This is related to their literary development view and innovative theory, which played a certain role in improving the social status of folk literature and popular literature in that period. The public security school has made great achievements in liberating the style of writing, such as "Sweeping the King" (biography of Yuan Zhonglang, public security county annals), and its travel notes, letters and essays are also very distinctive, or elegant and fresh, or lively and humorous, and they form their own family.
However, in real life, they passively avoid the world and describe trivial things or natural scenery around them, lacking profound social content, and their creative themes are getting narrower and narrower. Its imitator "blurted out,no."
4. Story of Yuan Hongdao Gaoliang Bridge: Gaoliang Bridge is located about half a mile north of Xizhimen, Haidian District. It is a famous bridge in the western suburbs of Beijing. It was built by Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu outside Heyimen (now Xizhimen) in the 29th year of Zhiyuan.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were many ancient temples here, and the water was clear. At that time, the princes and ministers of the capital, men, women and children, sat quietly under the green trees on both sides of the river every summer. The restaurants and teahouses at the bridgehead were crowded with tourists, which was a scenic spot on the outskirts of the capital.
In ancient times, the area around the high beam bridge was prosperous and spectacular, overlooking the high beam bridge on the towering Xizhimen tower. The long river is like a jade belt, the white bridge crosses the clear water, the restaurant is hidden in the shade, and the ancient temple is connected with the western hills. Close look at the high beam bridge, under which the willow waves and swallows chase the clear waves; On the bridge, pedestrians and horses are like shuttles.
You have to pass through here when you go out of the city and into the city, so it's very lively here. Looking at the high beam bridge from the side, there is a feeling of a small bridge flowing with water.
Buildings, water, bridges and people constitute the "Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" at the foot of Yanshan Mountain.
5. Yuan Hongdao, the author of You De Shan Ji in classical Chinese, translated Blood Mountain: Yes, the fifth son, whose real name is Zhao.
(Zhao) once built a rockery in the mansion, costing millions of dollars. After the completion, he called his subordinate officials to drink and watch. Everyone praised it, but Yao Tan bowed his head alone. King Iraq forced him to see the rockery, and Yao Tan said, "I only saw the Blood Mountain (here), but I didn't see any rockery at all."
King Yi was surprised and asked him why he only saw the mountain of blood. Yao Tan said, "When I was in the field, I saw the officials of various counties urging them to pay taxes, and they were persecuted together. My father and son were painfully whipped and covered in blood. This rockery was built with people's tax. What is not a blood mountain? " At that time, the emperor (Song Taizong) was also building a rockery, but it was not finished. After hearing Yao Tan's words, he immediately ordered people to smash it.
Visit the Clay Palace Temple, board it, and be next to the Yangtze River. It snows cloudy and cold day by day. Looking at the name of the pavilion makes people feel lost, so they feel wandering around the world.
So I boarded the Shuangbai Hall and Baiyun Pavilion. There used to be a cypress tree planted by Cory Hall under the hall, but now it's dead.
But there are many mountains and peaks in Nanshan, which are beautiful and lovely. Baiyun Pavilion is the most quiet and wonderful place in the world. Surrounded by mountains, layer upon layer. The ancient trees are dense and lush, often two or three hundred years old.
Outside the pavilion, there are two waterfalls that pour down the mountain stream, like pearls jumping, like jade chips splashing, and cold air invading the bones. Here is Cixi, rushing to meet the Yangtze River.
I entered Hubei from Jiangsu and Zhejiang, with a journey of more than 5,000 miles. After fifteen States, the most beautiful scenery did not exceed Baiyun Pavilion, only behind the county magistrate's house. There is nothing wrong with the county magistrate of Badong County. Magistrates can sleep and eat in the pavilion. That kind of fun is endless, but the vacancy of the county magistrate is always two or three years, and no one wants to fill it. Why? Next stop on Beibao Mountain: The journey is beyond Qingshan Mountain, and the boat goes along with a blue river.
The tide is high, and the water between the two banks is wide, so sail before the wind just hangs the sail high. When the last night has not subsided, the new sun has risen from the sea, the old year has not passed, and the river has shown spring.
I don't know when the letter from home will arrive. I hope the geese returning from the north will take it to Luoyang. Turn right from the temple and there is a stone road.
After a few steps, I heard thunder and felt very scared. The monk on the mountain said, "This is the sound of a waterfall."
I walked very fast, passed through a crack in a stone and saw the waterfall. Stone green is as steep as a knife, not as wide as an inch of skin (length unit), and three stones stand like an outer city.
The waterfall falls between the blue walls and shakes the valley, just like snowflakes spraying straight down. The abrupt rocky mountain blocks the waterfall and stirs up water like a rainbow. What is photographed is that the waves on the shore suddenly roll up and then fall back into the water. The momentum of the water is even more magnificent, which is the most spectacular scenery you can see on the mountain. Tourists sit or lean on the rocks and look down, catching the frothy water with their faces. At first it looked like a cool thread, and everything was empty, like a horizontal thread of weaving. Speaking of flying rain and falling off the cliff, I still linger and don't want to go back.
When they come back in the evening, tourists write poems and praise each other. The scenery I saw was beautiful, and it was even more unpredictable in retrospect. I don't know how to describe it, just like various grotesque images such as ghosts and gods.
At this time, it was already midnight, and Shan Gui called the tiger's voice, just like at the bedside. Everyone looked at each other carefully, and their beards, eyebrows and hair stood up like ghosts.
6. Translation of Classical Chinese Yuan Hongdao Collection Su Zizhan loves Tao Yuanming's poems, and thinks his poems are plain, just right and very precious.
Anything brewed will be sweet, baked will be bitter, and only plain taste can't be created; What cannot be created is the true soul of the article. Thick things no longer fade, sweet things no longer become bitter, and only plain things can be created; Anything that can be created is a real change of things.
When the wind is blown by water, it will ripple, and when the sun is about to set, the mountain fog will come out. (1) Although it cannot be colored, it is the lightest. This is what Tao Yuanming used.
Dongye Changjiang (name? Dongye is Meng Jiao and the Yangtze River is? ), I want to use manpower to achieve dullness, and the style of the article is extremely exposed, so it becomes cold and difficult to understand. Bai Juyi is straightforward and Su Shi is bold and unconstrained, but one is bound by reason and the other is trapped by literature, so they all look at the mountain (2) and retreat, not because their talents are not high, but because they are not stupid.
(1) may be a common word, which I can't understand. (2) The viewpoint refers to the mountain, not the mountain in the metaphor. Please understand.
7.& lt& gt Yuan Hongdao's translation of classical Chinese is foggy in the morning and cloudy at night. This year, Chun Xue is very prosperous and plum blossoms are very cold.
The development of apricot and peach is particularly spectacular. The number of stone tablets is Yu Yan: "Fu Jinwu has a beautiful garden, and Zhang Gong is rich, so I am anxious to see it."
When I was in love with Taohua, I couldn't bear to go to the lake. From the Broken Bridge to Su Causeway, the green smoke red mist stretches for more than twenty miles.
The song is blowing into the wind, and the powder is sweating into rain. Luowan is richer and more gorgeous than the grass on the shore. However, people in Hangzhou swim in the lake, stopping at noon, stopping at noon and stopping at noon.
As a matter of fact, the work of lake light dyeing green and the beauty of Shan Lan's coloring started from Asahi, which was extremely charming before sunset. Moonlight is particularly indescribable. Flowers fall and willows fall, and mountains are high and water is long, which is a kind of interest.
This joy is for the benefit of mountain monks and tourists, and it can be the way of laymen! Note: ① Spring is the month: it is spring, and it is dusk: the mountain light in the evening ③ Music: Restraint ④ Mutual development: 110 stones: a person's name ⑤ Fu Jinwu: Fu Mou, a military attache ⑧ Zhang Gongfu: name ⑧ Love: fan ⑨ Green smoke red mist: refers to green willows and peach blossoms, with lush foliage and flowers. The most beautiful thing during the day is the morning smog, especially in the evening in Shan Lan.
There are a lot of Chun Xue this year, plum blossoms are restrained by the cold, and the scenery is more peculiar, followed by apricot blossoms and peach blossoms. Shi Geng told me many times: "The plum blossoms in Fu Jinwu Garden are old objects of Zhao Yu Pavilion in Zhanggong House, so we should go and see them quickly.
"I'm obsessed with peach blossoms and I can't bear to leave the lake. From the broken bridge to Su Causeway, green grass became smoke, and red flowers were like fog, which permeated more than twenty miles.
Singing, like the wind; Ladies' pink sweat, like rain, fell in succession; There are more tourists wearing shirts and trousers than grass on the shore. It's really gorgeous. However, Hangzhou people only visit the West Lake from 1 1 am to 5 pm. In fact, the green beauty of the lake and the wonderful colors of Shan Lan appear at sunrise, and they are the most colorful at sunset.
The beauty of the moon scene is even more indescribable. The gesture of flowers, the tenderness of willows, the color of mountains and the meaning of water all have a unique taste.
This kind of fun can only be reserved for monks in the mountains and interested tourists. How can you tell laity? [Spiritual Perception] The author puts aside the universally admired lakes and mountains, and focuses on the description of the spring moonlight around the Sixth Bridge of West Lake (six stone arch bridges from south to north on Su Causeway, named Yingbo, Suolan, Wangshan, Dike, Dongpu and Guohong), from plum blossoms and apricot blossoms in early spring to the unique beauty of morning smoke, dusk and moonlight in one day. This paper uses simple and light pen and ink, and takes aesthetic feeling as its focus. However, when describing the beautiful scenery of the West Lake in Hangzhou in spring, he only described the "spirituality" of the West Lake vividly, expressing a unique aesthetic taste different from ordinary people, thus showing the author's feelings of enjoying the natural landscape without colluding with the secular.
Author Yuan Hongdao (1568- 16 10) was a writer in Ming dynasty. Zi Lang, Shi Gong, was born in Gongan (now Gongan County, Hubei Province).
He, his elder brother and younger brother Zhong Dao were both representatives of the retro-style movement in the late Ming Dynasty, and they were called "Sanyuan" at that time. He advocates that literary creation should "express one's own spirit and not be conventional", and the language of his works is fresh and lively, such as Jin Fan Ji, Xie Ji Jie and Hua Ping Zhai Ji.
When I first arrived at the West Lake, I started from Wulinmen and went west. When I saw the steep cliff of Bao Shu Tower, I flew to the lake. At noon, Zhao Qing entered, tea was finished, and the boat entered the lake.
Mountains are like moths, flowers are like gills, wind is like wine, and ripples are like silk; It's just that when I started looking at my head, I was already intoxicated. At this time, I want to describe the next word, just like when King Dong 'e first met Luo Shen in his dream. I started my trip to the West Lake on February 14.
In the evening, I crossed the Jing Temple with Zigong and found Abin's old monk's room. Take this road from Qiao Liu, Yuefen and Shi Jingtang.
A little taste, impartial. The next morning, I got Tao's post, 19, and Shi Geng's brother and classmate Wang also arrived. He was a Buddhist and was good friends with Hu Shan, so we got together for a while.
West Lake 1: Walking west from the gate in the northwest of Hangzhou, I saw the Baotu Pagoda standing in layers of cliffs, but (the poet) has already flown to the West Lake. At noon, I arrived in Zhaoqing, drank tea and rowed into the West Lake.
The mountains are green, just like beautiful eyebrows; Spring flowers (on the shore) are bright red, just like a girl's cheeks; The breeze on the lake is like wine and lies? Play slowly? Worried? Curse coins and lie? Hey? 8 looking for embarrassment? Punishment? Huh? Shallow: 4 times for nail cover and 4 times for bed cover per mu. Can you stop me from deleting it? Rice? Meet? Yue Yue mended the pencil bag? What's the matter with you? Scar? Are you scared? In the middle of Nainao, why don't you have a white date with cheese? What happened to that man? Seduce Huai Wei? Traces? Pen steep? Hey? Rate? Na Wei? Visit the Sixth Bridge in the evening and wait for the bright moon: the West Lake is the most prosperous, and the moon is bright in spring. The whole day is full of smoke.
This year, Chun Xue is very prosperous, and plum blossoms thrive because of the cold. The development of apricot and peach is particularly spectacular. The number of stone tablets is superfluous: Fu Jinwu Garden is full of plum blossoms, and the Yuzhao Hall in Zhanggong Mansion is also an old thing, and I am eager to see it.
When I was in love with Peach Blossom, I couldn't bear to leave. From Broken Bridge to Su Causeway, the lake is green and smoky in red mist, which is more than twenty miles.
The song is blowing into the wind, and the powder is sweating into rain. Luowan is richer and more gorgeous than the grass on the shore. However, Hangzhou people do not apply for a tour of the lake at 3 pm; As a matter of fact, the work of dyeing the lake green and the beauty of Shan Lan's coloring started from Asahi, and it was extremely charming before evening.
Moonlight is particularly indescribable. Flowers fall and willows fall, and mountains are high and water is long, which is a kind of interest. This joy is for the benefit of mountain monks and tourists, and it can be the way of laymen! West Lake II: The most beautiful season and time in the West Lake are spring and moonlight.
The most beautiful thing in a day is the lake when the water vapor is filled in the morning and the mountain when the evening is covered. There are many plum blossoms in Chun Xue this year, which have been delayed by the cold of late spring. They are linked with apricot blossoms and peach blossoms and are competing to open.
Become a rare spectacle. My good friend Shi Geng told me many times that the plum blossoms in Fu Jinwu Garden are elegant and extraordinary. Zhang Gongfu, a famous Zhang Junzhi in the Southern Song Dynasty, has 400 plum blossoms in his garden Yuzhaotang, and he is anxious to go there.